Article
Neurosciences
Taketoshi Sugimura, Yasuhiko Saito
Summary: Cholinergic inputs modulate cerebellar functions, with varying proportions of cholinergic neurons projecting from the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN) to different cerebellar regions. The study found that cholinergic PHN neurons project not only to the vestibulocerebellum but also to other areas, with differing proportions depending on the target cerebellar areas and the rostro-caudal regions of the PHN. This provides insights into the involvement of cerebellar cholinergic networks in gaze holding.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen E. Rohli, Cierra K. Boyer, Sandra E. Blom, Samuel B. Stephens
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta-cells have the ability to adapt their secretory program to match nutrient availability and peripheral insulin signaling cues. However, as Type 2 diabetes progresses, these adaptive mechanisms fail, leading to a decline in beta-cell function and impaired insulin secretion.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander A. A. Mironov, Galina V. V. Beznoussenko
Summary: Transport models are crucial for understanding the transport of proteins and their interactions within a cell. Different pathways exist for the transport of secretory proteins, with the regulated secretion pathway playing a significant role in specialized cells. This exocytosis process is triggered by external stimuli and can provide insights into the intracellular transport of mucins in goblet cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shinji Tamura, Yumiko Tamura, Yuya Nakamoto, Daisuke Hasegawa, Masaya Tsuboi, Kazuyuki Uchida, Akira Yabuki, Osamu Yamato
Summary: Positioning head tilt is a common neurological sign observed in dogs, likely caused by inadequate inhibition of the vestibular nuclei by the cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula. Various lysosomal storage diseases can lead to positioning head tilt, associated with dysfunction of the NU.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Robin De Schepper, Alice Geminiani, Stefano Masoli, Martina Francesca Rizza, Alberto Antonietti, Claudia Casellato, Egidio D'Angelo
Summary: A computational modelling framework is developed and used to reconstruct and simulate the entire cerebellar cortex, showing how mossy fibers entrain the neuronal microcircuit. This sheds light on local computation and neural correlates of behaviors.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ari A. Shemesh, Koray Kocoglu, Guelden Akdal, Rahmi Tuemay Ala, G. Michael Halmagyi, David S. Zee, Jorge Otero-Millan
Summary: Modeling suggests that the gain of the rotation feedback loop plays a crucial role in explaining the variability of PAN patients' responses to changes in head orientation relative to gravity.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Dimitri Dumontier, Caroline Mailhes-Hamon, Stephane Supplisson, Stephane Dieudonne
Summary: Neurotransmitter content is a defining criterion for neuronal classes, and in the adult mouse brain, variegation of neurotransmitter content within the Golgi cell class affects its functional heterogeneity. Increase in glycine content reduces the charge and amplitude of IPSC in granule cells by competing with GABA. The presynaptic expression of GlyT2 by Golgi cells negatively affects the strength and decay kinetics of GABAergic transmission.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sebastian Loyola, Tycho M. Hoogland, Hugo Hoedemaker, Vincenzo Romano, Mario Negrello, Chris I. De Zeeuw
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to inferior olive neurons, finding that the timing between these inputs determines the output pattern of the neurons. Activating the excitatory input shortly after the inhibitory input leads to unstable phase of intrinsic oscillations and minimal output, while activating the excitatory input one cycle after the inhibitory input optimally drives spiking activity. A large-scale network model simulation highlights the extent to which synaptic interactions generate oscillatory patterns in the inferior olive.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tetsuro Funato, Yota Sato, Yamato Sato, Soichiro Fujiki, Shinya Aoi, Kazuo Tsuchiya, Dai Yanagihara
Summary: Impairment of inferior olivary neurons affects whole-body movements and posture, resulting in abnormal gait. The study found that the lesion altered the peak properties of center of mass motion power spectrum density, while changes in coordination and center of mass distribution were minor. The observed changes in the control system included an increase in linear proportional control and a decrease in differential and nonlinear control.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingxue Rong, Wenzhong Yang, Huiwen Hao, Wenxu Wang, Shaozhen Lin, Peng Shi, Yuxing Huang, Bo Li, Yujie Sun, Zheng Liu, Congying Wu
Summary: Our research reveals the crucial role of Golgi microtubules in single cell durotactic migration, influencing the dynamics of leading edge focal adhesions and showing that Golgi positioning responds to external mechanical cues. This study uncovers the cytoskeletal underpinning of single cell durotaxis, proposing a model where the Golgi-nucleus axis serves as both a compass and a steering wheel for cell directionality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Da Guo, Aysen Gurkan Ozer, Marylka Yoe Uusisaari
Summary: The inferior olive (IO) is considered crucial for motor control as the only source of climbing fibers forming one of the cerebellar input pathways. A new surgical method has been developed to obtain high-level calcium imaging data from the IO network activity in living animals.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
ZhanDong Li, Deling Wang, HuiPing Liao, ShiQi Zhang, Wei Guo, Lei Chen, Lin Lu, Tao Huang, Yu-Dong Cai
Summary: This study compares the transcriptional differences between human and mouse cerebellum in four cerebellar sub-cell types using single-cell sequencing data and machine learning methods. The results show significant genomic differences between cell types and identify a group of genes and rules contributing to the classification, deepening our understanding of cerebellar cell heterogeneity and evolution.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yanping Li, Ting Zhang, Jinhang Zhang, Qinhui Liu, Qingyi Jia, Wenfei Chen, Qin Tang, Yimin Xiong, Yan Xia, Ying Xu, Li Mo, Yuan Huang, Jinhan He
Summary: A multitask nanoparticle system called CCR was developed to target the Golgi apparatus of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) for liver fibrosis treatment. The CCR nanoparticles specifically recognized and accumulated in the Golgi apparatus by binding to fibronectin and CD44 on activated HSCs. Treatment with CCR nanoparticles loaded with a hedgehog inhibitor effectively suppressed HSC activation and extracellular matrix secretion, inhibiting liver fibrosis progression.
Article
Neurosciences
Sinem Balta Beylergil, Palak Gupta, Aasef G. Shaikh
Summary: Multisensory integration is crucial for accurate perception of heading direction, but deficiency in cerebellar function can lead to impaired integration and inaccurate heading perception. Oculopalatal tremor patients show poorer heading direction perception compared to healthy controls, possibly due to abnormal noise in the cerebellar system caused by hypersynchronized inferior olive signals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanjun Luo, Yuhan Chao, Richard Nana Abankwah Owusu-Mensah, Jingyun Zhang, Tatsumi Hirata, Izumi Sugihara
Summary: This study investigates the developmental mechanisms of the olivocerebellar projection and finds that the timing of development of the inferior olive (IO) subdivisions is correlated with the development timing of the cerebellar cortex. The projection relationship follows a reverse gradient of neurogenic timing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
