Article
Cell Biology
Sheikh Tahir Majeed, Asiya Batool, Rabiya Majeed, Nadiem Nazir Bhat, Muhammad Afzal Zargar, Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi
Summary: Phosphorylated S209-eIF4E interacts with the TOS motif of S6K1, releasing it from auto-inhibition and priming it for activation in an mTORC1-independent manner. The role of mTORC1 is limited to engaging eIF4E with the S6K1-TOS motif to influence S6K1's state of activation.
Article
Cell Biology
Wayne A. Cabral, Urraca L. Tavarez, Indeevar Beeram, Diana Yeritsyan, Yoseph D. Boku, Michael A. Eckhaus, Ara Nazarian, Michael R. Erdos, Francis S. Collins
Summary: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder characterized by cardiovascular disease and premature death, mostly caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene. A study using mice models carrying two copies of the BAC showed a more complete replication of HGPS phenotypic features in various tissues, and genetic reduction of mTOR extended the lifespan of these mice significantly, suggesting a potential treatment for HGPS through pharmacologic inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julian Nuechel, Marina Tauber, Janica L. Nolte, Matthias Moergelin, Clara Tuerk, Beate Eckes, Constantinos Demetriades, Markus Plomann
Summary: This study identifies mTORC1 as a key regulator of GRASP55 localization in the Golgi through direct phosphorylation, revealing a physiological role for mTORC1 at this organelle. Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to dephosphorylation and relocalization of GRASP55. Multiple proteomic analyses show that many cargoes follow this unconventional secretory route to alter the cellular secretome and surfactome.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kehong Liu, Yingqi Peng, Ling Lin, Zhihua Gong, Wenjun Xiao, Yinhua Li
Summary: In this study, it was found that L-theanine (LTA) found in tea can affect amino acid absorption and protein synthesis in the intestine, thereby regulating lipid and protein metabolism. The results showed that LTA supplementation not only influenced the levels of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total protein (TP), and urea nitrogen (BUN) in the serum, but also upregulated the expression of amino acid transporters and activated the mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that LTA increases intestinal amino acid absorption, promotes protein metabolism, and improves nitrogen utilization.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siyu Zhou, Xiaoyu Dong
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common disease in the elderly, and there is no effective treatment. Ferulic acid (FA) and its derivatives have multiple therapeutic effects on AD, including inhibiting beta-amyloid aggregation, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review assesses the neuroprotective effects of FA and its derivatives on in vitro and in vivo AD models.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Edward J. Calabrese, Evgenios Agathokleous, Vittorio Calabrese
Summary: The paper provides the first systematic assessment of ferulic acid's ability to induce hormetic dose responses in biological systems, including neuroprotective effects in a broad range of animal models. Evidence suggests that the hormetic effects of ferulic acid depend on the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, with potential ecological and biomedical importance. Ferulic acid is released into the environment by plants and can affect neighboring species growth through hormetic dose responses.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lea Marie Esser, Qiaoping Li, Maximilian Juedt, Thilo Kaehne, Bjoern Stork, Matthias Grimmler, Sebastian Wesselborg, Christoph Peter
Summary: This study emphasizes the crucial role of Gemin2 and reveals that its phosphorylation status affects the condensation ability of the SMN complex in CBs. Additionally, Gemin2 is identified as a binding partner and phosphorylation substrate of the mTOR pathway kinase p70S6K, and it functions as a connector between the 6S complex and the SMN complex. Knockdown of p70S6K reduces the number of CBs and inhibits in vivo UsnRNP synthesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Guifang Liu, Yao Nie, Congshu Huang, Guihua Zhu, Xuemei Zhang, Changkun Hu, Zhihui Li, Yue Gao, Zengchun Ma
Summary: This research aims to investigate the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA) on radiation-induced neuroinflammation and its impact on microglial activation. The results showed that FA could enhance learning and memory capacity and ameliorate pathological changes in the brain tissue caused by radiation. Additionally, FA could suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Ma, Jiayan Cui, Zehui Liu, Wenqing Fang, Sisi Lu, Shuying Cao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ji-An Chen, Lixue Lu, Qiong Xie, Yonghui Wang, Ying Huang, Kongfei Li, Hongyan Tong, Jin Huang, Weiqiang Lu
Summary: This study demonstrates that induction of degradation of FLT3-ITD protein by DHODH blockade may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for AML patients harboring FLT3-ITD mutation.
Review
Oncology
Margarita Artemenko, Sophia S. W. Zhong, Sally K. Y. To, Alice S. T. Wong
Summary: p70(S6K) plays a critical role in protein synthesis, cell growth, and cancer progression, and its activation is associated with poor prognosis in certain cancer types. In addition to mTOR-targeted drugs, there are emerging p70(S6K)-selective drugs under development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingru Chen, Xiaolan Zhou, Xiaoqing Cheng, Liting Lin, Qi Wang, Ruoting Zhan, Qingguang Wu, Sijun Liu
Summary: In neurodegenerative diseases, mitigating microglial-induced inflammation is crucial for controlling disease progression. Ferulic acid (FA) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent, but its role and regulation mechanism in neuroinflammatory reactions are not fully understood. This study found that FA significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia. The mechanism involved the activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and the inhibitory effects were reversed by autophagy and AMPK inhibitors. These findings suggest that FA may be a potential drug for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Roja Sahu, Shivesh Jha, Shakti P. Pattanayak
Summary: The efficacy of mTOR-specific siRNA in therapeutic targeting of the mTOR gene was explored in this experiment. The results showed that the clinically relevant concentration of mTOR-siRNA inhibited cell growth and proliferation and promoted apoptosis. It also caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase.
CURRENT GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Abdullah Alattar, Reem Alshaman, Yusuf S. Althobaiti, Ghareb M. Soliman, Howaida S. Ali, Waleed Salman Khubrni, Phil Ok Koh, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Fawad Ali Shah
Summary: Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, with significant economic and social consequences. This study demonstrated that quercetin has a neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke by inhibiting NLRP3-induced pyroptosis and inflammation, and modulating mTOR-related signaling pathways. Quercetin activates the Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, reverses pyroptosis, and modulates the PDK/AKT/mTOR/P70S6/P6/eIF4E/4EBP1 pathway. It exerts its protective effects through multiple mechanisms, suggesting its potential as a neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke therapy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rikako Yoshii, Kazuhiko Higashida, Naoya Nakai
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) on the regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in response to nutrient supplementation during fasting. The results revealed that adaptation to IF can regulate protein synthesis and breakdown, leading to the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass while reducing body fat.
Article
Neurosciences
Chunxiao Liu, Ruijie Zhang, Liu Yang, Tong Ji, Cuilan Zhu, Beibei Liu, Hai Zhang, Chong Xu, Nana Zhang, Shile Huang, Long Chen
Summary: Resveratrol protects against Cd-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways, highlighting its potential for preventing Cd toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Song Xue, Feng Kong, Yiying Song, Jia Liu
Summary: This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety in a nonclinical population. The results showed that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in several brain regions, and that emotional intelligence partially mediated this relationship. This study provides evidence for the neural basis of social interaction anxiety in the normal population and highlights the role of emotional intelligence in this anxiety.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhan Zhou, Weixin Dai, Tianxiao Liu, Min Shi, Yi Wei, Lifei Chen, Yubo Xie
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is caused by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an energy supply imbalance for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released by astrocytes can migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanisms involved still need further clarification.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
An Chen, Song Hao, Yongpeng Han, Yang Fang, Yibei Miao
Summary: This study explores the efficacy of two forms of BCI attention training games and finds that physical games may be more effective than video games. The research also offers valuable insights for future game design from a neuroscience perspective.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lina Liu, Luran Liu, Yunting Lu, Tianyuan Zhang, Wenting Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that GDI1 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and inhibition of GDI1 can attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The findings offer new insights for the treatment of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zahra Gholami, Ava Soltani Hekmat, Ali Abbasi, Kazem Javanmardi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alamandine on allodynia in a rat model and found the presence of MrgD receptors in the vlPAG and RVM regions. Microinjection of alamandine resulted in a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold and could be blocked by an MrgD receptor antagonist. Upregulation of MrgD receptor expression following allodynia induction suggests a potential compensatory mechanism in response to pain.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingliang Xu, Lei Xia, Junjie Li, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Summary: This study found that DHF effectively alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in developing mice by restoring the balance between tau O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. Therefore, DHF has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating cognitive impairment associated with anesthetics, such as sevoflurane.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Hisato Nakazono, Takanori Taniguchi, Hisayoshi Yoshizuka, Maiko Sakamoto
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex plays a crucial role in postural stability, and transcranial electrical stimulation of this region can modulate physical control responses. This study found that cathodal stimulation significantly decreased joint angular velocity in multiple directions, while there were no significant differences with transcranial random noise stimulation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xishuai Yang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Chang, Zuopeng Li, Runquan Du, Junhong Guo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose rituximab (RTX) in patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG). The results showed that low-dose RTX treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life for patients with MuSK-MG.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jian Zhang, Shunyuan Guo, Rong Tao, Fan Wang, Yihong Xie, Huizi Wang, Lan Ding, Yuejian Shen, Xiaoli Zhou, Junli Feng, Qing Shen
Summary: This study established an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 and found that marine-derived plasmalogens (Pls) could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish by reversing athletic impairment and altering the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and apoptosis.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Li, Jiaqi Ren, Qi Fang, Liqiang Yu, Jintao Wang
Summary: ICU-AW is a common and severe neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. Electrophysiological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of the disease. This study aimed to establish and validate an ICU-AW predictive model in SIRS patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmad Alipour, Roghayeh Mohammadi
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) regions on pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from neuropathic pain (NP). The results showed that tDCS had the potential to induce pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from NP. The mean perceived pain intensity in the posttest was lower in the M1 stimulation group than in the F3 stimulation group. However, more trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to define clinically relevant effects.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo J. Fusse, Franciele F. Scarante, Maria A. Vicente, Mariana M. Marrubia, Flavia Turcato, Davi S. Scomparin, Melissa A. Ribeiro, Maria J. Figueiredo, Tamires A. V. Brigante, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Alline C. Campos
Summary: Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress alters the endocannabinoid system and affects brain regions associated with emotional distress. Enhancing the effects of endocannabinoids through pharmacological inhibition induces an anti-stress behavioral effect, possibly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Agostoni, Luca Bischetti, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Irene Ceccato, Elena Cavallini, Luca Fiorentino, Francesca Martini, Jacopo Sapienza, Mariachiara Buonocore, Michele Francesco D'Incalci, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Valentina Bambini
Summary: This study found a general impairment in humor comprehension in individuals with schizophrenia, with mental jokes being more difficult for both patients and controls. Humor comprehension was closely associated with the patients' overall pragmatic and linguistic profile, while the association with Theory of Mind (ToM) was minimal. Another notable finding was the increased appreciation of humor in individuals with schizophrenia, who rated jokes as funnier than controls did, regardless of whether they were correctly or incorrectly completed. The funniness ratings were not predicted by any measure, suggesting a dimension of humor untied to cognition or psychopathology.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiuping Gong, Qi Li, Yang Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Sev targets CREBBP to inhibit ALG13 transcription, leading to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)