Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denise Riquelme, Francisco A. Peralta, Franco D. Navarro, Claudio Moreno, Elias Leiva-Salcedo
Summary: TRPM4 in the mouse mPFC layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons plays a significant role in regulating intrinsic excitability, with its inhibition leading to increased input resistance and membrane hyperpolarization. After high-frequency stimulation, TRPM4 increases a calcium-activated current, action potential firing, and afterdepolarization amplitude, all dependent on intracellular calcium levels. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of TRPM4 reduces firing rates and afterdepolarization following high-frequency stimulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Dan Han, Yuxiu Shi, Fang Han
Summary: The orexin system plays a role in anxiety- and depression-related symptoms observed in PTSD. Single prolonged stress (SPS) induces enhanced anxiety levels, reduced exploratory activities, and anhedonia in rats, with intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A alleviating these behavioral changes.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Imre Kallo, Azar Omrani, Frank J. Meye, Han de Jong, Zsolt Liposits, Roger A. H. Adan
Summary: Orexin neurons play a role in homeostatic regulatory processes and provide input to VTA, a central hub processing reward and motivation. This study found that the VTA neurons projecting to the mNAcs receive more input from orexin neurons compared to those projecting to the mPFC. Orexin exerts facilitatory effects on both clusters of dopamine neurons.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Victor P. M. N. Soares, Telma G. C. S. de Andrade, Newton S. Canteras, Norberto C. Coimbra, Carsten T. Wotjak, Rafael C. Almada
Summary: The study found that blocking OX1R and OX2R in the PL enhanced tolerance and approach behavior in response to threatening stimuli in mice confronted with erratically moving robo-beetles, indicating a shift in cognitive appraisal of danger stimuli through the orexin system in the PL.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fuhai Bai, Lu Huang, Jiao Deng, Zonghong Long, Xianglin Hao, Penghui Chen, Guangyan Wu, Huizhong Wen, Qiangting Deng, Xiaohang Bao, Jing Huang, Ming Yang, Defeng Li, Yukun Ren, Min Zhang, Ying Xiong, Hong Li
Summary: This study reveals that the GABAergic PL-orexinergic LH projection is an important control circuit for intermale aggressive behavior, and both could be targets for curbing aggression.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana C. M. Vitor, Jorge J. Correia, Susana P. Alves, Rui J. B. Bessa
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid composition of lamb brain and retina tissues after feeding them with three experimental diets supplemented with EPA-rich microalgae. The results demonstrated that the brain EPA content remained unchanged after supplementation, while the retinal tissues showed a high response to microalgae supplementation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah A. Bennison, Sara M. Blazejewski, Xiaonan Liu, Gal Hacohen-Kleiman, Shlomo Sragovich, Sofia Zoidou, Olga Touloumi, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Illana Gozes, Kazuhito Toyo-oka
Summary: Defective neuritogenesis is a contributing mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in ADNP syndrome. Adnp is localized to the cytoplasm by binding with 14-3-3 proteins, and its knockdown inhibits neurite formation. Adnp deficiency leads to morphological and functional abnormalities in the cortex, including increased dendrite number and axon length.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiuqin Jia, Wentao Fan, Zhijiang Wang, Yuehong Liu, Ying Li, Haibin Li, Hui Li, Ting Ma, Jing Wang, Qi Yang
Summary: This study explores the disrupted prefrontal cortex activity specific to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) compared with those without and examines the associations between these alterations and neuropsychological measurements. The study finds that patients with PD and RBD exhibit progressive prefrontal cortex dysfunction, which may serve as a biomarker for the neurodegenerative progression of PD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shole Jamali, Shahram Zarrabian, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study demonstrated that Orx1Rs in the mPFC regulate the reward-related effects of morphine- and food-induced reward behaviors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zi-Jun Wang, Treefa Shwani, Junting Liu, Ping Zhong, Fengwei Yang, Kelcie Schatz, Freddy Zhang, Arnd Pralle, Zhen Yan
Summary: Chronic social isolation stress during adolescence increases susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. This study demonstrates that post-weaning isolation stress induces sex-specific behavioral abnormalities and changes in neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), basal lateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). The PFC to BLA pathway is causally linked to heightened aggression in stressed males, while the PFC to VTA pathway is causally linked to social withdrawal in stressed females. Furthermore, isolation stress leads to genome-wide transcriptional alterations, with upregulated genes in the BLA of stressed males controlled by the transcription factor CREB, and downregulated neuropeptide Hcrt (Hypocretin/Orexin) in the VTA of stressed females, which can be rescued by Orexin-A treatment.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renata Kabiljo, Alfredo Iacoangeli, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Ivana Rosenzweig
Summary: ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with unclear association with the cerebellar role, recent findings suggest certain gene variants are significantly linked to ALS risk. Gene-based and tissue enrichment analysis show a specific relationship between cerebellar tissue and ALS, calling for a re-evaluation of cerebellar involvement in ALS pathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chao Ding, Vishalini Emmenegger, Kim Schaffrath, Dirk Feldmeyer
Summary: In this study, a cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters of L6 interneurons in rat mPFC, showing different morphological and physiological characteristics, suggesting differential roles in mPFC-associated functions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu-Ping Tsai, Shih-Han Hung, Tsung-Ren Huang, William C. Sullivan, Shih-An Tang, Chun-Yen Chang
Summary: Through functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, the study found significant differences in brain activity between graphic design thinking processes and specific design activities, with more activity in the left prefrontal cortex in designs involving more graphic design thinking. These findings contribute to understanding the design process and suggest potential ways to promote graphic design thinking in landscape architecture.
Article
Neurosciences
Fei Luo, Ting Wang, Jun-yong Deng, Xiao-dan Luo
Summary: Orexin, a neuropeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus, modulates brain activity and is involved in psychiatric disorders. This study found that orexin enhances GABAergic transmission onto mPFC pyramidal neurons by inhibiting inward rectifier K+ channels on Sst interneurons, further depolarizing the interneurons and increasing Ca2+ influx through T-type Ca2+ channels.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiao-Yuan Jing, Yan Wang, Hua-Wei Zou, Zi-Lin Li, Ying-Juan Liu, Lai-Fu Li
Summary: The study assessed the functional roles of mGlu2/3 and mGlu5 within different subregions of the mPFC in modulating stress resilience and vulnerability, with results suggesting that mGlu2/3 in the PrL might play an important regulatory role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Social avoidance symptoms in susceptible mice were rapidly relieved by intra-PrL administration of an mGluR2/3 antagonist, indicating a potential avenue for developing novel, personalized approaches to mitigate depression and promote stress resilience.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Song Xue, Feng Kong, Yiying Song, Jia Liu
Summary: This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety in a nonclinical population. The results showed that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in several brain regions, and that emotional intelligence partially mediated this relationship. This study provides evidence for the neural basis of social interaction anxiety in the normal population and highlights the role of emotional intelligence in this anxiety.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhan Zhou, Weixin Dai, Tianxiao Liu, Min Shi, Yi Wei, Lifei Chen, Yubo Xie
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is caused by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an energy supply imbalance for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released by astrocytes can migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanisms involved still need further clarification.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
An Chen, Song Hao, Yongpeng Han, Yang Fang, Yibei Miao
Summary: This study explores the efficacy of two forms of BCI attention training games and finds that physical games may be more effective than video games. The research also offers valuable insights for future game design from a neuroscience perspective.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lina Liu, Luran Liu, Yunting Lu, Tianyuan Zhang, Wenting Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that GDI1 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and inhibition of GDI1 can attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The findings offer new insights for the treatment of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zahra Gholami, Ava Soltani Hekmat, Ali Abbasi, Kazem Javanmardi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alamandine on allodynia in a rat model and found the presence of MrgD receptors in the vlPAG and RVM regions. Microinjection of alamandine resulted in a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold and could be blocked by an MrgD receptor antagonist. Upregulation of MrgD receptor expression following allodynia induction suggests a potential compensatory mechanism in response to pain.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingliang Xu, Lei Xia, Junjie Li, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Summary: This study found that DHF effectively alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in developing mice by restoring the balance between tau O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. Therefore, DHF has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating cognitive impairment associated with anesthetics, such as sevoflurane.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Hisato Nakazono, Takanori Taniguchi, Hisayoshi Yoshizuka, Maiko Sakamoto
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex plays a crucial role in postural stability, and transcranial electrical stimulation of this region can modulate physical control responses. This study found that cathodal stimulation significantly decreased joint angular velocity in multiple directions, while there were no significant differences with transcranial random noise stimulation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xishuai Yang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Chang, Zuopeng Li, Runquan Du, Junhong Guo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose rituximab (RTX) in patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG). The results showed that low-dose RTX treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life for patients with MuSK-MG.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jian Zhang, Shunyuan Guo, Rong Tao, Fan Wang, Yihong Xie, Huizi Wang, Lan Ding, Yuejian Shen, Xiaoli Zhou, Junli Feng, Qing Shen
Summary: This study established an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 and found that marine-derived plasmalogens (Pls) could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish by reversing athletic impairment and altering the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and apoptosis.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Li, Jiaqi Ren, Qi Fang, Liqiang Yu, Jintao Wang
Summary: ICU-AW is a common and severe neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. Electrophysiological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of the disease. This study aimed to establish and validate an ICU-AW predictive model in SIRS patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmad Alipour, Roghayeh Mohammadi
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) regions on pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from neuropathic pain (NP). The results showed that tDCS had the potential to induce pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from NP. The mean perceived pain intensity in the posttest was lower in the M1 stimulation group than in the F3 stimulation group. However, more trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to define clinically relevant effects.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo J. Fusse, Franciele F. Scarante, Maria A. Vicente, Mariana M. Marrubia, Flavia Turcato, Davi S. Scomparin, Melissa A. Ribeiro, Maria J. Figueiredo, Tamires A. V. Brigante, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Alline C. Campos
Summary: Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress alters the endocannabinoid system and affects brain regions associated with emotional distress. Enhancing the effects of endocannabinoids through pharmacological inhibition induces an anti-stress behavioral effect, possibly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Agostoni, Luca Bischetti, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Irene Ceccato, Elena Cavallini, Luca Fiorentino, Francesca Martini, Jacopo Sapienza, Mariachiara Buonocore, Michele Francesco D'Incalci, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Valentina Bambini
Summary: This study found a general impairment in humor comprehension in individuals with schizophrenia, with mental jokes being more difficult for both patients and controls. Humor comprehension was closely associated with the patients' overall pragmatic and linguistic profile, while the association with Theory of Mind (ToM) was minimal. Another notable finding was the increased appreciation of humor in individuals with schizophrenia, who rated jokes as funnier than controls did, regardless of whether they were correctly or incorrectly completed. The funniness ratings were not predicted by any measure, suggesting a dimension of humor untied to cognition or psychopathology.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiuping Gong, Qi Li, Yang Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Sev targets CREBBP to inhibit ALG13 transcription, leading to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)