Article
Psychiatry
Joseph Biederman, Maura DiSalvo, Allison Green, K. Yvonne Woodworth, Talia Gilfix, Cecilia Law, John Gabrieli, Stephen Faraone
Summary: The study found that 24% of untreated adults with ADHD needed to switch from their initially prescribed stimulant family within 60 days of starting treatment due to poor tolerability. Differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were observed between those who needed to switch and those who did not.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joseph Biederman, Maura DiSalvo, Allison Green, K. Yvonne Woodworth, Cecilia Law, John D. E. Gabrieli, Stephen Faraone
Summary: Forty-one percent of medication-naive adults with ADHD initiating stimulant treatment required a switch from the initially prescribed stimulant family to the alternative one because of poor tolerability. The switching could not be adequately predicted by baseline demographic or clinical characteristics. These findings suggest the need for improved efforts to identify predictors of response to stimulant treatment in adults with ADHD to avoid unnecessary delays in finding an effective treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ann C. Childress, Nathalie Beltran, Carl Supnet, Margaret D. Weiss
Summary: The review discusses the development of new stimulant and nonstimulant formulations, particularly those in phase II and III trials. It describes the efficacy, mechanism of action, and adverse effect data of these medications, as well as the abuse liability studies for abuse-deterrent formulations in development. The review highlights a strong pipeline of stimulant and nonstimulant drugs designed to offer improvements in onset and duration of effect, administration timing, and deterrence of abuse.
EXPERT OPINION ON EMERGING DRUGS
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Berit Libutzki, Andreas Reif, Henrik Larsson, Rhiannon V. McNeill, Sarah Kittel-Schneider
Summary: Studies have shown an increased risk of accidents and injuries in individuals with ADHD across different age groups, with medication appearing to be effective in reducing this risk. However, there is a lack of direct comparison studies on accident/injury types and medication effects in different age groups or in older age. Furthermore, comorbidities associated with ADHD, such as substance abuse, seem to further elevate the risk of accidents/injuries.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Ann C. Childress
Summary: Stimulants, which have been used to treat ADHD for over 70 years, are the most effective medications available. There are various formulations available, including immediate-release and extended-release versions of methylphenidate and amphetamine. While the side effects are generally similar, individual patients may respond differently to different classes or formulations.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Francois A. M. Jean, Flore Moulin, Ashlyn N. Schwartz, Laura Castel, Ilaria Montagni, Melissa Macalli, Charles-Edouard Notredame, Sylvana M. Cote, Cedric Galera
Summary: A study found that ADHD symptoms are associated with illicit stimulant use among university students, and higher levels of symptoms are linked to a greater likelihood of using illicit stimulants.
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Eldad Yechiam, Dana Zeif
Summary: The study found that methylphenidate (MPH) and mixed D,L-amphetamine salts (MASs) can reduce heuristic responses and improve performance on the cognitive reflection test (CRT). Taking MPH had a strong positive effect on CRT scores, while there were no effects on risk-taking and numeracy.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ping C. Mamiya, Anne B. Arnett, Mark A. Stein
Summary: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with core symptoms of difficulties regulating attention, activity level, and impulses that can persist throughout a person's lifespan. Current pharmacological options targeting catecholamine neurotransmissions have varying levels of effectiveness, leading clinicians to implement trial-and-error approaches to treatment. Recent evidence suggests an imbalance of excitation/inhibition in the fronto-striatal circuitry during early development may lead to enduring neuroanatomical abnormalities, proposing a precision medicine care model focusing on E/I balance as a candidate biomarker for ADHD.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christopher H. van Dyck, Amy F. T. Arnsten, Prasad R. Padala, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Alan J. Lerner, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Roberta W. Scherer, Allan I. Levey, Nathan Herrmann, Nimra Jamil, Jacobo E. Mintzer, Krista L. Lanctot, Paul B. Rosenberg
Summary: Apathy is a common symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and previous treatment methods have been ineffective. Methylphenidate has shown promising results in initial trials for treating apathy, possibly by boosting norepinephrine and dopamine actions in brain circuits. Understanding the role of neuronal circuits and neurotransmitters in motivated behavior may provide insight into developing more effective treatments for apathy in Alzheimer's disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Sara Carucci, Carla Balia, Antonella Gagliano, Angelico Lampis, Jan K. Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Ralf W. Dittmann, Peter Garas, Chris Hollis, Sarah Inglis, Kerstin Konrad, Hanna Kovshoff, Elizabeth B. Liddle, Suzanne McCarthy, Peter Nagy, Pietro Panei, Roberta Romaniello, Tatiana Usala, Ian C. K. Wong, Tobias Banaschewski, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas
Summary: The study reviewed the association of long-term MPH exposure with height, weight, and timing of puberty in ADHD individuals. MPH was found to have consistent significant effects on reducing height and weight, with more prominent impacts observed in the initial months of treatment. Limited data were available on the timing of puberty. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the underlying biological mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sherrill J. Rose, Matthew A. Hathcock, Wendy M. White, Kristi Borowski, Enid Y. Rivera-Chiauzzi
Summary: The retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate whether birthweight was lower among infants of women taking amphetamine-dextroamphetamine during pregnancy. Results showed no significant difference in birthweight between exposed and unexposed infants. However, significant differences were found in comorbid psychiatric illness and history of substance abuse between exposed and unexposed mothers.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Bing Feng, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Zili Yan, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Yanlin He, Yong Xu
Summary: The authors demonstrate that the effects of dopamine (DA) on serotonin (5-HT) neurons in a bidirectional manner regulate feeding behavior in mice. Activation of 5-HT neurons by DRD1 contributes to anorexia, which can be prevented by blocking DRD1. These findings provide insights into the interaction between DA and 5-HT neurons in the regulation of feeding behavior, which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN).
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Laura de Anta, Maria Llavero-Valero, Guillermo Lahera, Miguel A. Ortega, Cesar Soutullo, Javier Quintero, Angel Asunsolo del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon
Summary: The study analyzed tweets containing hashtags related to ADHD pharmacotherapy between 20 September and 31 October 2019, finding that stimulant-related tweets were the most common, tweets focusing on treatment efficacy had the highest frequency, and tweets related to alpha-2 agonists received a high proportion of positive consideration.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Christina R. Smith, Madeleine J. Swortwood
Summary: Oral fluid is a useful alternative matrix for drug detection due to its ease of collection, noninvasiveness, and indication of recent drug use. This study developed and validated a quantitative method for analyzing cognitive stimulants in oral fluid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Jenny Berezanskaya, William Cade, Thomas M. Best, Kristopher Paultre, Carolyn Kienstra
Summary: This review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of ADHD medications on athletic performance. The results indicate that dopaminergic/noradrenergic agonist medications have a positive impact on athletic performance and affect physiological parameters. Further research and consideration of currently unregulated medications, such as bupropion, are necessary.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Edna C. Cieslik, Markus Ullsperger, Martin Gell, Simon B. Eickhoff, Robert Langner
Summary: Previous studies on error processing have primarily focused on the posterior medial frontal cortex, but the role of other brain regions has been underestimated. This study used activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses to explore brain activity related to committing errors and responding successfully in interference tasks. It was found that the salience network and the temporoparietal junction were commonly involved in both correct and incorrect responses, indicating their general involvement in coping with situations that require increased cognitive control. Error-specific convergence was observed in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, posterior thalamus, and left superior frontal gyrus, while successful responding showed stronger convergence in the dorsal attention network and lateral prefrontal regions. Underrecruitment of these regions in error trials may reflect failures in activating the appropriate stimulus-response contingencies necessary for successful response execution.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2024)