Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Xu, Mingzhi Du, Yuntian Shen, Yumin Yang, Fei Ding, Shu Yu
Summary: O-GlcNAcylation, as a metabolic sensor, plays an important role in linking metabolism to cellular function. SalA-4g, a salidroside analogue, has been shown to enhance protein O-GlcNAc levels and improve neuronal tolerance to ischemia by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation mediated by SalA-4g is critically involved in neuroprotection against ischemic-like conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mariann Kiss, Erna Szabo, Boglarka Bocska, Luu Thanh Sinh, Conceicao Piedade Fernandes, Istvan Timari, Joseph M. Hayes, Laszlo Somsak, Terez Barna
Summary: O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification mediated by OGT and OGA, with potential therapeutic implications in diseases. The development of potent OGA inhibitors and optimization of heterologous OGA expression protocols have provided new insight into targeting OGA in future research and drug development.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Radha Vijayaraj, Kareem Altaff, Govindan Lakshmanan, Mani Jayaprakashvel, Suresh Mickymaray, Raghunath Gunapriya, Manikandan Palanisamy, Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
Summary: Antibacterial compounds from aquatic sources have the potential to contribute to the treatment of drug-resistant infectious diseases. Chitin 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-hexopyranose from freshwater prawns showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Chitin films demonstrated their potential as effective antibiotics through molecular docking experiments.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Su-Hyeon Kim, Sungin Lee
Summary: This case report describes the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging in a dog with an abdominal gossypiboma, which has not been reported in the veterinary literature before. A 13-year-old, spayed, female mixed breed dog underwent mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy and was referred for evaluation of metastasis after surgery. F-18-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) was performed and a soft-tissue mass was observed in the abdominal cavity.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariann Kiss, Istvan Timari, Terez Barna, Zuzana Meszaros, Kristyna Slamova, Pavla Bojarova, Vladimir Kren, Joseph M. Hayes, Laszlo Somsak
Summary: The inhibition of human O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (hOGA) and human lysosomal hexosaminidases (hHexA and hHexB) is significant in the treatment of various diseases. A series of compounds were synthesized and evaluated against these enzymes, revealing a potent inhibitor for hOGA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Helena Hronska, Vladimir Stefuca, Ema Ondrejkova, Maria Blahova, Jozef Visnovsky, Michal Rosenberg
Summary: A new method combining chemical synthesis and enzymatic hydrolysis was developed to prepare glycoside substrates with high selectivity. The immobilization of Hex in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel capsules showed improved stability and retained high activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irati Aiestaran-Zelaia, Maria Jesus Sanchez-Guisado, Marina Villar-Fernandez, Mikel Azkargorta, Lucia Fadon-Padilla, Uxoa Fernandez-Pelayo, Diego Perez-Rodriguez, Pedro Ramos-Cabrer, Antonella Spinazzola, Felix Elortza, Jesus Ruiz-Cabello, Ian J. Holt
Summary: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) inhibits glycolysis, stimulates respiration, and restricts viral replication in cultured cells. In the murine heart, 2DG increases the respiratory chain proteome of mitochondria, enhancing oxidative capacity and potentially compensating for the energy deficit caused by glycolysis inhibition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Asim Najmi, Shenggang Wang, Yue Huang, Teresa Seefeldt, Yahya Alqahtani, Xiangming Guan
Summary: The blood-brain barrier poses a challenge for the treatment of brain diseases as it prevents drugs from reaching therapeutic concentrations in the brain. Researchers have developed a brain targeting agent called COXP, which self-assembles into brain targeting micelles. This study explores the potential of using COXP as a component of liposomes to prepare brain-targeting liposomes and shows promising results in delivering a fluorescence tracking agent to the brain.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yasanandana S. Wijayasinghe, Meenakshi P. Bhansali, Maheshkumar R. Borkar, Ganesh U. Chaturbhuj, Brian S. Muntean, Ronald E. Viola, Pravin R. Bhansali
Summary: This article introduces a synthetic glucose analogue called 2-DG, which can interfere with energy-dependent processes by inhibiting key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. 2-DG has been shown to have therapeutic potential in various diseases and disorders.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tian-Lin Wu, Yong-Mei Hu, Yu Sun, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Zheng-Rong Wu, Wen-Bin Zhao, Chen Tang, Sha-Sha Du, Ying-Hui He, Yue Ma, Cheng-Jie Yang, Ying-Qian Liu
Summary: The study found that 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl isothiocyanate exhibited strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger by damaging cell morphology and membrane integrity, affecting energy metabolism, and inducing oxidative stress.
Article
Cell Biology
Sandra Schorn, Ann-Kristin Dicke, Ute Neugebauer, Rita Schroter, Maren Friedrich, Stefan Reuter, Giuliano Ciarimboli
Summary: The study showed that organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is expressed in the pancreas and has a functional relationship with glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). High glucose was found to stimulate OCT2 expression and activity, while overexpression of GLUT2 decreased OCT2 activity. This suggests a complex regulatory relationship between OCT2, GLUT2, and glucose levels in the pancreas.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gaelle Hugon, Sebastien Goutal, Ambre Dauba, Louise Breuil, Benoit Larrat, Alexandra Winkeler, Anthony Novell, Nicolas Tournier
Summary: Focused ultrasound in combination with microbubbles enhances therapeutics delivery to the brain by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. PET imaging using [F-18]FDS is evaluated as a marker for BBB integrity, showing significantly increased distribution in the brain after FUS. These findings demonstrate the potential of [F-18]FDS PET as a sensitive and reproducible marker for noninvasive monitoring of BBB disruption induced by FUS in vivo.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hui Chen, Xiongze Zhang, Nanying Liao, Yuying Ji, Lan Mi, Yuhong Gan, Yongyue Su, Feng Wen
Summary: This study investigated the expression of GLP-1R, SGLT1, SGLT2, GLUT1, and GLUT2 in DR patients and found that GLP-1R and SGLT2 were significantly decreased in PDR patients. Their decrease was associated with an increased level of expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, suggesting a potential correlation between defective GLP-1R and SGLT2 signaling and immune response cytokines in PDR patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kai Aoki, Takuji Suzuki, Fang Hui, Takuro Nakano, Koki Yanazawa, Masato Yonamine, Shinichiro Fujita, Takehito Sugasawa, Yasuko Yoshida, Naomi Omi, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Summary: This study showed that acute low-intensity exercise affects the expression of molecules involved in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption through GLP-2, leading to higher plasma GLP-2 levels and increased expression of GLP-2 receptor, SI, and GLUT2 in the jejunum in mice. These results suggest that exercise may be beneficial for small intestine function in individuals with intestinal frailty.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sananda Dey, Nensina Murmu, Tanushree Mondal, Ishita Saha, Soumendranath Chatterjee, Rahul Manna, Subhash Haldar, Sandeep K. Dash, Tapasree Roy Sarkar, Biplab Giri
Summary: Chronic exposure to high glucose promotes cancer progression by activating signaling pathways and impairing immune response. 2-DG inhibits cancer progression, decreases inflammation, and modulates immune function, also reducing the risk of infection.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.