Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Wang, Ruijuan Guan, Xiaomei Zhao, Jun Chen, Danian Zhu, Linlin Shen, Nana Song
Summary: TASKs, specifically TASK1 and TASK3, in orexin neurons play a crucial role in regulating respiratory chemoreflex, with orexin neurons sensing extracellular pH changes and projecting to the NTS to modulate respiration. Blocking TASKs or OX1R can affect breathing response to acidosis in the LH.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huiling Sun, Kai Meng, Lin Hou, Lijun Shang, Jianqun Yan
Summary: GLP-2 is a hormone secreted from the gut and brainstem that can suppress food intake by influencing the hypothalamus through the nucleus tractus solitarius. The GLP-2 system in the nucleus tractus solitarius exerts an inhibitory action on food intake, mediated by MC4-R.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rui Wang, Dan Fang, Tingting Lin, Wenhui Liang, Hu Qiao
Summary: The recent study found that aldosterone can play a non-genomic regulatory role in rapid sodium intake by activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor at the NTS level, and it exhibits obvious time and concentration-dependent regulation. However, the molecular mechanism of how aldosterone regulates sodium intake rapidly is still unclear.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bindu Parayil Sankaran, Saskia B. Wortman, Michel A. Willemsen, Shanti Balasubramaniam
Summary: A 7-year-old girl with rare genetic disease MEGD(H)EL presented with worsening respiratory issues and required mechanical ventilation, with MRI showing progression of known changes in the disease. Despite being ventilator dependent, she eventually succumbed to the effects of the disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonietta Canna, Elena Cantone, Anne Roefs, Sieske Franssen, Anna Prinster, Elia Formisano, Francesco Di Salle, Fabrizio Esposito
Summary: In this study, ultra-high field fMRI was used to investigate the neural signals in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) in response to different taste stimuli in the human brainstem. The results demonstrated a significant blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the predicted location of the NTS for all basic taste stimuli. This study suggests the potential of using a similar experimental strategy to explore the central nervous system involvement in eating disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Georgina K. C. Dowsett, Brian Y. H. Lam, John A. Tadross, Irene Cimino, Debra Rimmington, Anthony P. Coll, Joseph Polex-Wolf, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, Charles Pyke, Giles S. H. Yeo
Summary: This study provides a detailed single-cell level characterization of cells in the AP and NTS expressing receptors for key anti-obesity drugs, revealing their gene expression profiles under different nutritional states. The research also identifies the transcriptional sensitivity of oligodendrocytes to overnight fasting and shows that roughly half of GIPR-expressing cells are oligodendrocytes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jaesub Park, Sangyeon Lee, Kwansoo Kim, Jaegyun Jung, Doheon Lee
Summary: In this study, a computational approach called LAPINE is proposed for large-scale prediction of ADR-related proteins. The results show that LAPINE is capable of predicting ADR-related proteins with high reliability, providing insights into the mechanism of ADRs and aiding in prevention. The source code of LAPINE is available on GitHub and Figshare.
Review
Physiology
Lauren G. Douma, Dominique Barral, Michelle L. Gumz
Summary: The peptide hormone endothelin-1 and its receptors are associated with various disease states, such as pulmonary hypertension. While pharmacological inhibition in pulmonary hypertension has been beneficial, further research is needed to leverage the intersection between endothelin signaling and circadian rhythm regulation for potential endothelin-based therapeutics.
Article
Neurosciences
Kei Tsukioka, Ko Yamanaka, Hidefumi Waki
Summary: This study elucidates the central mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation during high-intensity exercise, revealing that amygdala activation acts to limit maximum exercise performance and may implicate autonomic control modulating the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus-nucleus tractus solitarius pathway.
Review
Neurosciences
Nikolas Bergum, Casey-Tyler Berezin, Jozsef Vigh
Summary: Chronic opioid use is associated with sleep disturbances, but the mechanism is unclear. Animal studies suggest that opioids disrupt the circadian rhythms by affecting retinal cells responsible for light detection. Therefore, ipRGCs may be a potential therapeutic target for opioid-related sleep problems.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiuping Ye, Si Yuan, Lulu Yao, Yong Dai, Bing Deng, Jiahui Hu, Jiao Qiao, Hongmei Wen, Zulin Dou, Nenggui Xu
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effect of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) on post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) treated by electroacupuncture. The results showed that excitatory neurons in the NTS were involved in the treatment process of PSD by electroacupuncture. Furthermore, it was found that inhibiting the NTS reduced the EMG signal associated with swallowing response induced by M1 activation in PSD mice, which was rescued by electroacupuncture.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Motoi Kobashi, Yuichi Shimatani, Masako Fujita
Summary: We investigated the effects of anorectic substances on gastric reservoir function by examining the effects of oxytocin on the motility of the forestomach in rats. Oxytocin increased intragastric pressure in the forestomach in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed phasic contractions of the distal stomach. The involvement of the area postrema and/or medial nucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius in these effects was confirmed.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ashmita Mukherjee, Adrianne M. DiBrog, Elizabeth G. Mietlicki-Baase
Summary: Binge-like palatable food intake can reduce the expression of preproglucagon (PPG), the precursor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), in the hindbrain in male rats. However, it is unknown if similar effects occur in female rats.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Soledad Pitra, Bret N. Smith
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the brain stem dorsal vagal complex in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis and neuroplastic changes associated with systemic glucose alterations. It also explores the critical connection between these nuclei and the gut, as well as the role of central vagal circuits in the favorable outcomes of bariatric surgical procedures for metabolic disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anthony M. Downs, Zoe A. McElligott
Summary: This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of the noradrenergic system in substance use disorders, including potential therapeutic targets and new treatment approaches.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Lei Gao, Arlen Gaba, Peng Li, Richa Saxena, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Oluwaseun Akeju, Martin K. Rutter, Kun Hu
Summary: This study found that the heart rate recovery (HRR) during exercise is associated with future risk for delirium in middle-to older-aged individuals. Those with lower HRR have a higher risk for developing delirium.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrew W. McHill, Lindsey S. Brown, Andrew J. K. Phillips, Laura K. Barger, Marta Garaulet, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Elizabeth B. Klerman
Summary: This study examined the relationship between the timing of energy intake and body composition based on mathematically modeled circadian timing and in-laboratory collected metrics. The findings suggest that the use of mathematically modeled circadian timing can provide similar results to in-laboratory measurements, which may be beneficial in time-based interventions.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Saul Huerta de la Cruz, Grecia J. Medina-Terol, Jorge A. Tapia-Martinez, Diana L. Silva-Velasco, Jesus H. Beltran-Ornelas, Araceli Sanchez-Lopez, Maria Sancho, David Centurion
Summary: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter belonging to the family of gasotransmitters along with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. It is endogenously produced through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. H2S acts as a regulator in various physiological functions, particularly in the cardiovascular system where it influences vascular tone. It modulates the activity of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular nerves, and can attenuate the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in certain pathological conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Felix I. Lopez-Preza, Saul Huerta de la Cruz, Cindy Santiago-Castaneda, Diana L. Silva-Velasco, Jesus H. Beltran-Ornelas, Jorge Tapia-Martinez, Araceli Sanchez-Lopez, Luisa Rocha, David Centurion
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of subchronic administration with NaHS on TBI-induced hypertension and vascular impairments. The results showed that NaHS prevented the development of hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress, and restored H2S-synthesizing enzymes and eNOS phosphorylation. However, NaHS had no effect on body weight, sensorimotor impairments, or brain water content.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wei Wang, Robin K. Yuan, Jude F. Mitchell, Kirsi-Marja Zitting, Melissa A. St Hilaire, James K. Wyatt, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Kenneth P. Wright, Emery N. Brown, Joseph M. Ronda, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Jeanne F. Duffy, Derk-Jan Dijk, Charles A. Czeisler
Summary: Circadian clocks drive cyclic variations in many aspects of physiology, but it is often important to quantify the relative contributions of these factors. Nathaniel Kleitman's forced desynchrony (FD) protocol was designed to assess endogenous circadian rhythmicity and to separate circadian from evoked components of daily rhythms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lei Gao, Peng Li, Nicole Gaykova, Xi Zheng, Chenlu Gao, Jacqueline M. Lane, Richa Saxena, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Martin K. Rutter, Oluwaseun Akeju, Kun Hu
Summary: This study found a bidirectional link between delirium and dementia, suggesting that they may be mutually related. Furthermore, disturbances in the sleep-wake rhythm were associated with an increased risk of delirium and progression to dementia. These findings highlight the importance of sleep-wake rhythm in cognitive function.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jingyi Qian, Qian P. Xiao, Michael Walkup, Mace L. Coday, Melissa Erickson, Jessica M. Unick, John Jakicic, Kun Hu, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Roeland J. W. Middelbeek, Look AHEAD Res Grp
Summary: This study aimed to determine the association of the time-of-day of bout-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (bMVPA) with changes in glycemic control in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study found that bMVPA performed in the afternoon is associated with improvements in glycemic control, especially within the initial 12 months of an intervention.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aviva Y. Cohn, Leilah K. Grant, Margo D. Nathan, Aleta Wiley, Mathena Abramson, Jessica A. Harder, Sybil Crawford, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Ursula B. Kaiser, Shadab A. Rahman, Hadine Joffe
Summary: This study investigated the effects of menopause-related sleep disturbance and estradiol decline on cortisol levels in healthy young women. The results showed that sleep fragmentation increased bedtime cortisol levels and decreased cortisol awakening response. Furthermore, suppression of estradiol also decreased bedtime cortisol levels. These findings suggest that menopause-related sleep disturbance and estradiol decline can negatively affect the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Garaulet, Barbara Vizmanos, Teresa Muela, Alejandra Betancourt-Nunez, Maria-angeles Bonmati-Carrion, Celine Vetter, Hassan S. Dashti, Richa Saxena, Frank A. J. L. Scheer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between being an evening type and reporting emotional eating behaviors. The results showed that evening types had higher scores on emotional eating and were more likely to be emotional eaters. They also scored higher on disinhibition/overeating and food craving factors. A meta-analysis revealed that being an evening type was associated with a higher score on emotional eating. Furthermore, individuals with late dim-light melatonin onset showed higher scores on emotional eating.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Barbara Vizmanos, Ana Isabel Cascales, Maria Rodriguez-Martin, Diego Salmeron, Eva Morales, Aurora Aragon-Alonso, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Marta Garaulet
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between siestas and obesity, considering siesta duration and whether siesta traits and/or lifestyle factors mediate this association. The results showed that long siestas were associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and increased prevalence of MetS. However, short siestas were associated with a lower probability of elevated blood pressure. Various factors, including smoking, sleep and eating schedules, energy intake, and siesta location, mediated the association of siestas with obesity and MetS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana L. Silva-Velasco, Jesus H. Beltran-Ornelas, Jorge Tapia-Martinez, Araceli Sanchez-Lopez, Saul Huerta de la Cruz, Luz Graciela Cervantes-Perez, Leonardo del Valle-Mondragon, Alicia Sanchez-Mendoza, David Centurion
Summary: Hyperglycemia impairs the renin-angiotensin system, but hydrogen sulfide has beneficial cardiovascular effects. The study aimed to determine the effects of chronic administration of hydrogen sulfide and a cystathionine-gamma-lyase inhibitor on vascular responses in diabetic rats. The results showed that hydrogen sulfide restores vascular function in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia through modulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carolina Zambrano, Agne Kulyte, Juan Lujan, Belen Rivero-Gutierrez, Fermin Sanchez de Medina, Olga Martinez-Augustin, Mikael Ryden, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Marta Garaulet
Summary: Habitual napping may disrupt circadian expression patterns of lipase E gene, resulting in impaired lipid mobilization and increased abdominal obesity in nappers.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jingyi Qian, Christopher J. J. Morris, Rosanna Caputo, Frank A. J. L. Scheer
Summary: This study examined the impact of circadian misalignment in chronic shift workers and found that it increased ghrelin levels and hunger. However, it did not significantly affect energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio.
Review
Sport Sciences
Fabienne Bruggisser, Raphael Knaier, Ralf Roth, Wei Wang, Jingyi Qian, Frank A. J. L. Scheer
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether the timing of exercise training in intervention studies affects the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes. The results indicate that there is little evidence supporting the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements compared to other times. However, there is some evidence that training and testing at the same time of day may have a benefit, particularly for performance-related outcomes.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)
Article
Biology
H. Craig Heller, Erik Herzog, Allison Brager, Gina Poe, Ravi Allada, Frank Scheer, Mary Carskadon, Horacio O. de la Iglesia, Rockelle Jang, Ashley Montero, Kenneth Wright, Philippe Mouraine, Matthew P. Walker, Namni Goel, John Hogenesch, Russell N. Van Gelder, Lance Kriegsfeld, Cheri Mah, Christopher Colwell, Jamie Zeitzer, Michael Grandner, Chandra L. Jackson, J. Roxanne Prichard, Steve A. Kay, Ketema Paul
Summary: Collegiate athletes face various pressures, including academic obligations, performance impact, health issues, and extensive travel. East-west travel disrupts circadian rhythms and affects sleep quality and health. To address these concerns, we provide suggestions and steps such as bedtime protocols, afternoon naps, and adherence to lighting exposure protocols, and encourage collaboration between athletic departments and experts to promote the health and wellbeing of athletes and staff.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.