Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Asokan Devarajan, Ke Wang, Kassandra Shannon, Yujuan Su, Jamie Verheyden, Xin Sun, Marmar Vaseghi
Summary: Significant cardiorespiratory coordination is required for maintaining physiological function, and the sensory neuronal cross-talk between the heart and the lungs is mediated by sensory neural pathways in the autonomic ganglia. The presence of cardiorespiratory neurons in the vagal ganglia suggests a pre-existing neuronal substrate for cardiorespiratory neurotransmission, which may play an important role in cardiopulmonary diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ariane Mora, Jonathan Rakar, Ignacio Monedero Cobeta, Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani, Annika Starkenberg, Stefan Thor, Mikael Boden
Summary: A prominent difference between the brain and spinal cord is their size, with the brain being larger than the spinal cord. The Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) plays a crucial role in promoting the expansion of the anterior central nervous system (CNS) and regulates genes involved in proliferation and immune response. By integrating transcriptomic and epigenetic data, this study reveals the distinct regulatory mechanisms of PRC2 on gene cohorts driving anterior CNS expansion.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diego Candia-Rivera, Vincenzo Catrambone, Julian F. Thayer, Claudio Gentili, Gaetano Valenza
Summary: The century-long debate on bodily states and emotions continues, with this study investigating the brain-heart interplay during emotional experiences. Using a computational model, the researchers found that sympathetic-vagal activity plays a leading and causal role in initiating the emotional response, and the subsequent dynamic interplay between the central and autonomic nervous systems sustains the processing of emotional arousal.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fuhai Bai, Lu Huang, Jiao Deng, Zonghong Long, Xianglin Hao, Penghui Chen, Guangyan Wu, Huizhong Wen, Qiangting Deng, Xiaohang Bao, Jing Huang, Ming Yang, Defeng Li, Yukun Ren, Min Zhang, Ying Xiong, Hong Li
Summary: This study reveals that the GABAergic PL-orexinergic LH projection is an important control circuit for intermale aggressive behavior, and both could be targets for curbing aggression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan Gorky, Alison Moss, Marina Balycheva, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, James S. Schwaber
Summary: The study found that under homeostasis, DMV neuronal states can be organized into distinguishable signal processing units, while remote ischemic preconditioning and chronic cardiac ischemic injury both induce significant shifts in neuronal states, affecting inhibitory inputs and neurosecretory function respectively. This suggests a potential molecular network mechanism in the DMV that integrates neurotransmitter inputs and humoral signals to modulate cardiac health.
Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Funayama, Tsukasa Nozu, Masatomo Ishioh, Sho Igarashi, Chihiro Sumi, Takeshi Saito, Yasumichi Toki, Mayumi Hatayama, Masayo Yamamoto, Motohiro Shindo, Hiroki Tanabe, Toshikatsu Okumura
Summary: Recent studies have shown that leaky gut is associated with various diseases and that orexin in the brain can block it in rats, suggesting a role of the brain in regulating intestinal barrier function. This study aimed to investigate the role of GLP-1 in the brain in regulating intestinal barrier function and the underlying mechanism. The results suggest that GLP-1 acts centrally in the brain to reduce colonic hyperpermeability through brain orexin signaling and the vagal cholinergic pathway.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tzu-Ling Li, Yen-Hsien Lee, Feng-Hsu Wu, Ling-Ling Hwang
Summary: Orexin-A directly excites over half of DMH neurons, including those innervating the RVLM, through decreasing K+ conductance, activating NCX, and/or increasing NSCC.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Jacqueline B. Mehr, Michelle M. Bilotti, Morgan H. James
Summary: This article discusses how the hypothalamic orexin system is now linked with motivated behavior and becomes overactive in addicted states, offering potential therapeutic opportunities for substance use disorders based on normalizing orexin function.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sara Mercurio, Linda Serra, Miriam Pagin, Silvia K. Nicolis
Summary: This article reviews the diverse phenotypes resulting from conditional Sox2 knockout in different regions of the developing and postnatal brain in mice. It is found that despite the widespread expression of Sox2 in neural stem/progenitor cells, some regions (such as the hippocampus and ventral forebrain) are more vulnerable to Sox2 deletion. The stage of Sox2 deletion also plays a critical role in the resulting defects, indicating a stage-specificity of SOX2 function.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Hua Chiu, Lora Kovacheva, Ruth E. Musgrove, Hadar Arien-Zakay, James B. Koprich, Jonathan M. Brotchie, Rami Yaka, Danny Ben-Zvi, Menachem Hanani, Jochen Roeper, Joshua A. Goldberg
Summary: Research has identified a cell-autonomous selective Kv4 channelopathy in PD prodromal mice, leading to impaired gastrointestinal motility, serving as a potential clinical biomarker for early detection of PD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valerio Benedetti, Federica Banfi, Mattia Zaghi, Raquel Moll-Diaz, Luca Massimino, Laura Argelich, Edoardo Bellini, Simone Bido, Sharon Muggeo, Gabriele Ordazzo, Giuseppina Mastrototaro, Matteo Moneta, Alessandro Sessa, Vania Broccoli
Summary: By rational engineering of the transcription factor SOX2, a synthetic repressor named SOX2 epigenetic silencer (SES) was generated, which can effectively kill glioma cells and prolong patient survival. In experiments, SES expression significantly inhibits tumor growth without harming neurons and glia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shi-Bin Li, Valentina Martinez Damonte, Chong Chen, Gordon X. Wang, Justus M. Kebschull, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Wen-Jie Bian, Carolin Purmann, Reenal Pattni, Alexander Eckehart Urban, Philippe Mourrain, Julie A. Kauer, Gregory Scherrer, Luis de Lecea
Summary: Sleep quality declines with age and this study identified hyperexcitable hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/OX) neurons as drivers of sleep fragmentation during aging. Activation of Hcrt neurons increased wakefulness and aged Hcrt neurons showed hyperexcitability and impaired M-current. Disruption of Kcnq2/3 genes in young mice led to sleep destabilization resembling aging-associated sleep fragmentation.
Article
Neurosciences
Nina M. Drager, Sydney M. Sattler, Cindy Tzu-Ling Huang, Olivia M. Teter, Kun Leng, Sayed Hadi Hashemi, Jason Hong, Giovanni Aviles, Claire D. Clelland, Lihong Zhan, Joe C. Udeochu, Lay Kodama, Andrew B. Singleton, Mike A. Nalls, Justin Ichida, Michael E. Ward, Faraz Faghri, Li Gan, Martin Kampmann
Summary: This study presents a screening platform to systematically elucidate the functional consequences of genetic perturbations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. The researchers identified genes controlling microglia survival, activation, and phagocytosis, as well as disease-associated genes. They also determined regulators of disease-relevant microglial states using single-cell RNA sequencing. The platform has the potential for therapeutic targeting and functional characterization of microglia.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuta Yoshioka, Yoshihisa Tachibana, Toshihiro Uesaka, Hiroyuki Hioki, Yuya Sato, Takumi Fukumoto, Hideki Enomoto
Summary: This study reveals that the Uts2b gene is expressed in a microbiota-dependent manner in vagal afferent neurons and is associated with the transmission of sensory information from CCK-expressing EECs to the brain.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jacek Kolacz, Katja Kovacic, Linh Dang, B. U. K. Li, Gregory F. Lewis, Stephen W. Porges
Summary: The study aims to explore the pathophysiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) by comparing the cardiac autonomic regulation in children with CVS and healthy controls. The results show that children with CVS have suboptimal parasympathetic autonomic regulation, characterized by shorter heart period, lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and reduced vagal efficiency, compared to healthy controls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.