Article
Neurosciences
David A. Cinalli, Sarah J. Cohen, Mariah Calubag, Goksu Oz, Lylybell Zhou, Robert W. Stackman
Summary: This study used the DREADDs method to investigate the effects of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus on the retrieval of long-term memory for nonspatial and spatial information in mice. The results showed that the inhibition of CA1 neuronal activity significantly impaired the memory retrieval in mice. These findings support the use of mice as a model system to study the neurobiological mechanisms of human episodic memory.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Francisco Jose Lobato-Camacho, Juan Carlos Lopez, Juan Pedro Vargas
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of virtual reality tools for evaluating and enhancing attention and memory processes. The researchers developed a virtual water maze to assess search strategies in gamers and analyzed how spatial memory strategies evolve with gaming experience.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yeseul Lee, Zuner A. Bortolotto, Clarrisa A. Bradley, Thomas M. Sanderson, Min Zhuo, Bong-Kiun Kaang, Graham L. Collingridge
Summary: Inhibition of GSK-3 improves learning speed in behavioral tasks and enhances the accuracy of long-term spatial memory.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Marta Mendez-Couz, Denise Manahan-Vaughan, Ana Paula Silva, Hector Gonzalez-Pardo, Jorge Luis Arias, Nelida Maria Conejo
Summary: The neuropeptide Y2 receptors play a significant role in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory, with receptor expression dynamically regulated by learning experiences. Antagonism of the receptors in the dorsal intrahippocampal area improves spatial reference memory.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew B. Lehr, Frederick L. Hitti, Scott H. Deibel, Tristan M. Stoeber
Summary: The hippocampus, particularly the CA2 region, is involved in learning and remembering spatial information. Silencing the CA2 region impairs reversal learning in mice, as they spend more time near the old platform location and show increased use of non-spatial strategies during reversal learning. These findings support the idea that CA2 plays a fundamental role in flexible behavior adaptation and provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying hippocampal information processing.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Niklas Lonnemann, Martin Korte, Shirin Hosseini
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with no successful treatment. In addition to its features, neuroinflammatory processes, genetic factors, and lifestyle also play important roles. Training in a water maze has shown positive effects on memory formation in AD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Roisin Deery, Sean Commins
Summary: This study investigated overshadowing in human spatial learning using a virtual water maze task. The results showed that the near cue had a stronger influence on learning compared to the far cue, which appeared to be completely ignored.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marta Balietti, Arianna Pugliese, Fiorenzo Conti
Summary: It has been demonstrated that cognitive stimulation in late life can prevent cognitive decline in still cognitively preserved animals and improve cognitive compromised animals. Future research should focus on individually tailored stimulation protocols to enhance their effectiveness.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Burak Tan, Umut Bakkaloglu, Meral Ascioglu, Cem Suer
Summary: This study found that thyroid hormone excessiveness during perinatal period can lead to long-lasting effects on hippocampal function, with differences in behavior and molecular indicators between rats treated with l-thyroxine during maternal period and in young adulthood. These effects may contribute to memory problems observed in adolescents with lactational hyperthyroidism.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Muhammad Zulfadhli Othman, Zurina Hassan, Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
Summary: The Morris water maze has been a popular tool for assessing spatial learning and memory for about 40 years, with advantages such as effectiveness, reliability, and adaptability. Despite some experimental and analysis loopholes, improvements and adaptations have ensured its relevance as a tool for understanding spatial learning and memory mechanisms.
EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shun-Yu Zhang, Sheng-Qiang Chen, Jin-Yuan Zhang, Chang-Hui Chen, Xiao-Jun Xiang, Hui-Ru Cai, Song-Lin Ding
Summary: This study reveals that bilateral lesions of the prostriata significantly reduce spatial learning and memory abilities in rats, as well as decrease interest in spatial exploration and increase anxiety. However, the exercise capacity of the rats is not affected.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
M. Taheri, S. H. Oryan, D. Eslimi Esfahani, H. Mohseni Kouchesfahani, A. Salari
Summary: The hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium shows significant improvement in spatial memory and neuronal injury in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease, reducing amyloid-beta plaques and apoptosis.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David Thonnard, Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh, Rudi D'Hooge
Summary: The interaction between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus (HC) is crucial for advanced cognitive processes and flexibility, as shown by the study's findings in mice models.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jiaxing Long, Shijian Fu
Summary: Learning and memory abilities play important roles in group decision-making in routine activities such as foraging in fish species. This study aimed to investigate the spatial learning ability of juvenile cichlids and the influence of heterogeneity of memory information among group members on group performance. The results showed that individual fish's spatial performance improved significantly during the training period and remained stable after 11 days of detraining. The spatial performance of heterogeneous groups changed linearly with the proportion of trained members. This suggests that cichlids can acquire associative learning information through training and group behavior is not likely determined by minority members in a foraging context.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ericks Sousa Soares, Felipe Vanz, Vagner Fagnani Linartevichi, Helena Cimarosti, Thereza Christina Monteiro de Lima
Summary: Memory is the ability to store, retrieve and use information, and it relies on a time-dependent consolidation process. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in processing all types of information, particularly spatial memory. This study investigates the involvement and recruitment of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors in the consolidation of spatial memory. The results demonstrate that NPY injection impairs memory consolidation, and previous stress enhances this effect. Additionally, selective antagonists for NPY receptors Y-1 and Y-2 show that both receptors are key players in spatial memory consolidation. The findings suggest that NPY modulates aversive and adaptive memory formation through receptor activation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah L. Best, Nicole J. Neverman, Hollie E. Wicky, Nadia L. Mitchell, Beulah Leitch, Stephanie M. Hughes
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Steve Seo, Beulah Leitch
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. D. Pandey, F. J. Tallavo, N. C. Christodoulou, B. Leitch, G. A. Bickel
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2018)
Article
Developmental Biology
Nadia Kafui Adotevi, Beulah Leitch
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne-Sophie Hafner, Paul G. Donlin-Asp, Beulah Leitch, Etienne Herzog, Erin M. Schuman
Article
Neurosciences
Sandesh Panthi, Beulah Leitch
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandesh Panthi, Nikita M. A. Lyons, Beulah Leitch
Summary: Absence seizures are characterized by alterations in awareness associated with 2.5-4 Hz spike-wave discharges, with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) being a common manifestation. Changes in GABA levels and receptors within the cortico-thalamocortical network are implicated in the pathophysiology of absence seizures, with upregulation of GAD65 in the somatosensory cortex potentially serving as a compensatory response to chronic seizures in epileptic stargazers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nadia Adotevi, Aini Su, Danushi Peiris, Muhammad Hassan, Beulah Leitch
Summary: The episodes of brief unconsciousness in patients with childhood absence epilepsy are caused by dysfunction of corticothalamocortical circuitry, which may be due to multifactorial mechanisms in patients from different genetic backgrounds. In studies using a mouse model with frequent absence seizures, deficits in AMPAR-mediated feed-forward inhibition of PV+ interneurons were reported. Further investigations revealed region-specific alterations in GABA expression, particularly at PV+ synaptic terminals.
Article
Neurosciences
Sandesh Panthi, Beulah Leitch
Summary: PV+ interneurons play an inhibitory role within the CTC network, preventing runaway excitation in the brain and contribute to the generation of absence seizures. Activating these interneurons can prevent or reduce the severity of absence seizures.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Beulah Leitch
Summary: Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is the most common pediatric epilepsy and is genetic in origin. Dysfunction in the corticothalamocortical (CTC) circuitry and deficits in AMPA receptor-mediated excitation of feed-forward inhibition (FFI) can lead to absence seizure generation. The stargazer mouse model and mutations in the Gria4 gene are discussed as examples of how glutamatergic synapse dysfunction contributes to CAE pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Hassan, Nadia K. Adotevi, Beulah Leitch
Summary: Absence seizures, characterized by hyperexcitations within the cortico-thalamocortical network, are believed to result from dysfunctional feed-forward inhibition. This study investigated the effects of dysfunctional inhibition on GABA(A) receptor subunit expression in the primary somatosensory cortex. The findings suggest altered GABAergic inhibition, potentially contributing to the generation or maintenance of absence seizures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Hassan, David R. R. Grattan, Beulah Leitch
Summary: Childhood absence epilepsy seizures arise from multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms in the cortico-thalamocortical network, which are still being investigated. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial due to the high treatment failure rate and common adverse neurological sequelae.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Sandesh Panthi, Beulah Leitch
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
B. Leitch, S. Panthi
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
N. K. Adotevi, B. Leitch
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.