Review
Behavioral Sciences
Carlos Albaladejo-Garcia, Fernando Garcia-Aguilar, Francisco J. Moreno
Summary: Inhibitory control, closely related to sports practice, was studied in this systematic review and meta-analysis within the Stop-Signal Paradigm. The analysis showed that athletes have a shorter stop-signal reaction time compared to non-athletes, and this effect is influenced by age. This suggests that extensive practice in competitive environments can improve inhibitory control, particularly in young athletes.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubham Pandey, Rashmi Gupta
Summary: Response inhibition is a crucial component of executive control. Studies have shown that emotion processing can divert attention away from tasks, and irrelevant angry facial expressions can impair inhibitory control when the go signal is non-emotional.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Nikola Markiewicz, Miruna Russa, Annemiek Fokkens, Martin Dechant, Maximilian A. Friehs
Summary: This study compared the effects of different stop-signal modalities on performance in basic and gamified stop-signal tasks. The results showed an advantage of haptic or audio-haptic stop-signals over purely auditory ones. The game-version had overall slower performance compared to the basic version. In terms of subjective experience, the gamified task had higher motivation to perform, but the basic task had a deeper flow experience.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sung Min Son, Seong Ho Yun, Jung Won Kwon
Summary: The study investigates the short-term effectiveness of motor imagery training on response inhibition. The results show that response inhibition is significantly improved when motor imagery is combined with physical training.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Mohsen Soltanifar, Chel Hee Lee
Summary: This paper presents a new statistical software package, SimSST, which allows researchers to simulate stop signal task (SST) data under generalized scenarios. The package is based on the non-independent horse race model, copulas in probability theory, and the ExGaussian or Shifted Wald distributional assumption for go and stop processes. It offers sixteen scenarios for simulating SST data. A working example is provided to evaluate the precision of parameter estimations, and limitations and future work directions for the package are discussed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Melanie Ritter, Signe Allerup Vangkilde, Katrine Maigaard, Anne Katrine Pagsberg, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Julie Hagstrom
Summary: Children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) showed intact performance in laboratory-based measures of inhibitory control (IC), but difficulties in daily life IC. The severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms was strongly associated with IC deficits, indicating that comorbid ADHD may account for these impairments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alison Hall, Ned Jenkinson, Hayley J. MacDonald
Summary: This study investigates the changes in response inhibition in two behavioral tasks and compares their differences. The results suggest that non-selective inhibition remains stable in one task, while inhibitory capacity changes in the other task. These findings have important implications for future studies that require behavioral measures over multiple sessions.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Yihong You, Alberto Failla, John van der Kamp
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine if top-down controlled response inhibition on a stop-signal task can be trained. Previous studies had conflicting results, possibly due to consistent signal-response combinations during training and testing. The experimental group received training with varying signal-response combinations, while the control group received training on a different task. Results showed no decrease in stop-signal reaction time during and after training, with substantial evidence for the null hypothesis. However, the experimental group did show improvements in go reaction times and stop signal delays after training. These findings suggest that top-down controlled response inhibition may be difficult to improve.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lu-xia Jia, Shuang-chen Li, Ji-fang Cui, Jia-li Liu, Xiao-xiao Guo, Ya Wang
Summary: This study found that in a higher stop-signal probability condition, participants had longer go reaction time and shorter stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) compared to a lower stop-signal probability condition. Additionally, the cost of preparation was correlated with SSRT. These results suggest that preparation enhances response inhibition.
Article
Neurosciences
Ozlem Korucuoglu, Michael P. Harms, Serguei Astafiev, Semyon Golosheykin, James T. Kennedy, M. Deanna, Andrey P. Anokhin
Summary: This study investigated the test-retest reliability (TRR) of response inhibition (RI) and error monitoring (EM)-related brain activations using a stop signal task in young adults. It identified brain regions with good TRR for RI and EM activations, with certain regions showing higher reliability and factors such as task duration and motion affecting the reliability. The study also found that applying a noise removal method improved the reliability of the results.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alican Caglayan, Katharina Stumpenhorst, York Winter
Summary: The stop signal task measures the ability to cancel ongoing motor responses, often impaired in disorders like ADHD and schizophrenia. While traditionally studied in rats, a fully automated home-cage setup for mice has improved efficiency. The new setup also allows for lower intensity of the stop signal and quicker training times, reducing SSRTs and improving baseline inhibition.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tiantian Hu, Yongfang Ma, Kun Qiao, Yao Jiang, Shuying Li, Wenjun Gui, Guonian Zhu
Summary: This study found that Deltamethrin significantly impacts the locomotor activity of zebrafish embryos and the transcript levels of proteins in estrogenic and dopaminergic pathways. Knockdown of estrogen receptors a and S weakened these effects.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mervyn Singh, Ian Fuelscher, Jason He, Vicki Anderson, Timothy J. Silk, Christian Hyde
Summary: Previous DTI studies in children have shown that inhibitory control development is related to white matter organization in the fronto-basal-ganglia circuit. A novel fixel-based analysis revealed a significant negative association between fiber density and inhibitory ability in this circuit. The results suggest that subcortical microstructure of connections from the subthalamic nucleus plays a key role in facilitating inhibitory performance in childhood.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Valentina Giuffrida, Isabel Beatrice Marc, Surabhi Ramawat, Roberto Fontana, Lorenzo Fiori, Giampiero Bardella, Sabrina Fagioli, Stefano Ferraina, Emiliano Brunamonti, Pierpaolo Pani
Summary: Based on previous studies, it has been found that actions can be facilitated or interfered depending on reward regimes. This study investigated how the change in reward perspective can influence subjects' adaptation strategy. The results showed that subjects preferentially employed a strategy-related speed of response adjustment to perform the task, while the duration of the inhibition process did not change significantly across the conditions. The investigation of strategic motor adjustments to reward's prospect is important for understanding action control and can be relevant to various groups of patients with cognitive control deficits.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Munoz Garcia, Beatriz Gil-Gomez de Liano, David Pascual-Ezama
Summary: The study found that men were more prone to behave dishonestly with small rewards, while women seemed satisfied without maximizing the potential reward. However, the gender differences vanished when there was no reward. Men also exhibited more radical dishonest behavior compared to women.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Bernhard Hommel
Summary: The article presents a theory based on GOALIATH, suggesting that goal-directed behavior is guided by selection criteria, which originate from various sources, leading to a compromise between different driving forces in action selection which may not always be rational.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Lorenza S. Colzato, Bernhard Hommel, Wenxin Zhang, Veit Roessner, Christian Beste
Summary: This study proposes a new theoretical model describing the interrelationship between OCD and ADHD. OCD is characterized by exaggerated cognitive persistence, while ADHD is characterized by excessive cognitive flexibility. The study suggests that manipulating the signal-to-noise ratio through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques may be a novel treatment approach for these disorders.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lorenza S. Colzato, Christian Beste, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: This article discusses the positive potential of selective cognitive dysfunction and proposes a two-step approach to identify and develop corresponding training methods. Traditional views on mental health focus on cognitive impairments, whereas we should pay attention to the cognitive potential that selective dysfunctions might bring.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Alberto De Luca, Stephan Verschoor, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: According to Forster and Dannenberg's GLOMO(sys) theory, people process events and internal information using either a global or local processing mode, which should transfer to other unrelated tasks. However, this study found that while significant transfer effects were observed between almost identical tasks, no such effects were found between other tasks.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Lorenza S. Colzato, Christian Beste, Wenxin Zhang, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: Standard clinical and psychiatric thinking often focuses on the absence of normality, but recent evidence suggests that cognitive control is not solely about willpower. The metacontrol model proposes a dimension of persistence and flexibility in cognitive processing styles. It is argued that individuals should not simply be categorized as typical or atypical, but rather their cognitive abilities should be characterized in terms of underlying dimensions. Neurodevelopmental atypicality often comes with weaknesses in one pole but strengths in the other pole.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Verena Hafner, Bernhard Hommel, Ezgi Kayhan, Dongheui Lee, Markus Paulus, Stephan Verschoor
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ke Ma, Liping Yang, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: People tend to perceive a virtual body as their own when it is synchronously moving or being stroked with their real body. The synchrony effect on embodiment is more pronounced in visuomotor conditions than in visuotactile conditions. This effect is influenced by the interoceptive accuracy of participants.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenza S. Colzato, Julia Elmers, Christian Beste, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: Long COVID is predicted to be a leading cause of disability in Europe. It is characterized by cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depression. Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) is recommended as an ADD-ON intervention to compensate for cognitive decline and alleviate affective symptoms. atVNS enhances mood and cognitive abilities by directly activating brainstem nuclei.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Psychiatry
Kangcheng Wang, Xingyan Li, Xiaotong Wang, Bernhard Hommel, Xiaodi Xia, Jiang Qiu, Yixiao Fu, Zheyi Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the abnormalities in the hippocampus and subfields in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The results showed that SCZ patients had volume reductions in multiple subfields, and the reductions were more significant in the left molecular layer, dentate gyrus, CA2/3, and CA4 compared to the MDD group. The composite analyses demonstrated smaller hippocampal volumes in the SCZ group compared to healthy controls in all bilateral measures, and reduced volumes compared to the MDD group in left measures only.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ke Ma, Yan Long, Chaojin Huang, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: Interpersonal trust is mainly influenced by perceived self-other overlap, as shown by the results of three experiments. In addition to group identification, appearance, and voluntary movement, synchrony is also one of the factors contributing to perceived self-other overlap.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Xi Wang, Bernhard Hommel, Lorenza Colzato, Dong He, Ke Ding, Cheng Liu, Jiang Qiu, Qunlin Chen
Summary: Studies have investigated the components involved in generating creative outcomes, with divergent and convergent thinking being the most extensively studied. While there is evidence of the important role of divergent thinking in artistic creativity, the contribution of convergent thinking remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the relative contributions of divergent and convergent thinking to visual creativity, finding that both types of thinking have a positive impact on visual creativity, with divergent thinking having a direct influence and convergent thinking predicting visual creativity through drawing skills.
THINKING SKILLS AND CREATIVITY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Bernhard Hommel
Summary: Religion plays a significant role in people's lives, either as a member of a specific religious group or as an agnostic living among believers. It has impacts on decision-making and action, with implications that religious goals can influence behavior, and religion can enhance cognitive control. However, the mechanisms underlying these impacts remain unknown. A preliminary mechanistic model based on the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) suggests that distributed representation of goals and metacontrol can moderate their impact. This model provides a basis for further experimentation and theorizing.
NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorenza Colzato, Julia Elmers, Xiaolei Xu, Qiang Zhou, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major issue in China, often accompanied by depression and cognitive control deficits. Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) shows potential as an addition to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid withdrawal, targeting the locus coeruleus and noradrenaline synthesis. Its integration into tele-medical health approaches can enhance clinical and cognitive outcomes, especially in everyday life situations.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Alberto De Luca, Stephan Verschoor, Bernhard Hommel
Summary: This article discusses the impact of mood on the breadth of human attention, with a focus on the effects of positive affect and motivational intensity on processing local and global information. However, through replication of critical experiments in four online studies, the research found that mood and motivation do not have a significant effect on attention.
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.