Article
Cell Biology
Yun-Zhi Zhao, Jun Wei, Ke-Xin Song, Chen Zhou, Zhen Chai
Summary: The present study found that non-hibernating Daurian ground squirrel (GS) neurons were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) compared to rat neurons. Glutamate-aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST) was identified as a cytoprotective factor that contributed to the tolerance against OGD injury in GS neurons. Overexpression of GLAST rescued viability in rat neurons, while knockdown of GLAST led to decreased viability in GS neurons. This study revealed a molecular mechanism underlying the survival of hibernating mammals and suggested GLAST as a potential target for ischemic stroke therapy.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jun-ying Wang, Jin-ling Zhang, Shu-ping Chen, Yong-hui Gao, Jian-liang Zhang, Yu Chen, Yue Zhang, Pei-jing Rong, Jun-ling Liu
Summary: This study found that electroacupuncture of LI18 has an analgesic effect on rats with neck incisions, which may be related to its functions in suppressing the neuronal-glial cell interaction through NK-1R and upregulating the expression of GLAST and GLT-1 in the spinal DHs.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Donald A. Godfrey, William B. Farms, Sharon Polensek, Jon D. Dunn, Timothy G. Godfrey
Summary: The study showed that disrupting the pathways from the brain stem to the cochlear nucleus led to reduced levels of GABA, aspartate, and glutamate, indicating their quantitative contributions as neurotransmitters. GABAergic pathways play a crucial role in the cochlear nucleus, and lesioning specific pathways had varying effects on amino acid levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin Guo, Honglin Mei, Yanping Zhang, Chenhao Che, Luo Guo, Yunzhong Zhang, Huawei Li, Shan Sun
Summary: This study found that inhibition of GLAST increases the death of cochlear hair cells, but when the glutamate receptor NMDAR is inhibited, the GLAST inhibitor no longer increases hair cell death. This suggests new clinical strategies for ameliorating the ototoxicity associated with glutamate metabolism dysfunction.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Poonam Panchal, Chitra Bhatia, Yi Chen, Meenakshi Sharma, Jyoti Bhadouria, Lokesh Verma, Kanika Maurya, Anthony J. Miller, Jitender Giri
Summary: In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a rice citrate transporter, OsCT1, which is structurally close to rice silicon transporters. OsCT1 plays a role in citrate efflux and is highly expressed in the shoot and reproductive tissues of rice. The OsCT1 knockout and overexpression lines showed variations in manganese distribution and phosphorus uptake, confirming the role of OsCT1 in mineral homeostasis.
Review
Neurosciences
Renae M. Ryan, Susan L. Ingram, Annalisa Scimemi
Summary: Neurotransmitter transporters play a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter concentration and can be dynamically regulated through redistribution and stabilization. This allows for adjustments in uptake capacity for different neurotransmitters in response to changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, and cell-to-cell interactions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Luana Carvalho Martins, Mateus dos Santos Silva, Emerson Feio Pinheiro, Luana Ketlen Reis Ledo da Penha, Adelaide da Conceicdo Fonseca Passos, Suellen Alessandra Soares de Moraes, Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista, Anderson Manoel Herculano, Karen Renata Herculano Matos Oliveira
Summary: In this study, we investigated the activity of sodium-dependent and sodium-independent glutamate uptake mechanisms in primary cochlear glial cells cultures obtained from newborn Balb/C mice using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Our results showed that sodium-independent glutamate transport has a significant contribution in cochlear glial cells, similar to other sensory organs, but not in tissues less susceptible to continuous glutamate-mediated injuries. The expression of the xCG- system in CGCs suggests its role in controlling extracellular glutamate concentrations and regulation of redox state to preserve auditory function.
Review
Neurosciences
Peter Kovermann, Miriam Engels, Frank Mueller, Christoph Fahlke
Summary: Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) play a crucial role in optimizing the temporal resolution and energy demand of excitatory synapses. In addition to their primary transport function, EAATs also function as anion channels. Recent research has shed light on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of EAAT anion channels.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Daiki Imanishi, Yoshio Kera, Shouji Takahashi
Summary: This study identified ChAap4 as a key player in the uptake of d-aspartic acid and suggested its involvement in the induction of ChDDO expression. Deletion of ChAAP4 not only resulted in growth defects on acidic amino acids, but also significantly decreased the induction of DDO activity and ChDDO transcription in response to d-Asp.
Article
Horticulture
Jing Li, Xinlong Hu, Ruiming Zhang, Qinghui Li, Wenluan Xu, Luyu Zhang, Fei Guo, Hua Zhao, Pu Wang, Yu Wang, Dejiang Ni, Mingle Wang
Summary: In this study, ten CsMGTs were identified and analyzed from tea plant genome databases, and CsMGT5 was found to play a significant role in mediating Mg2+ uptake and translocation under Mg2+ limitation in tea plants. Functional analysis showed that CsMGT5 is a high-affinity Mg2+ transporter and its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis increased low-Mg2+ tolerance by promoting Mg2+ accumulation in roots and leaves.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Swati Gupta, Narges Bazargani, James Drew, Jack H. Howden, Souvik Modi, Sana Al Awabdh, Helene Marie, David Attwell, Josef T. Kittler
Summary: This study shows that the surface expression and function of astrocytic GLT-1 can be rapidly modulated through its interaction with Nischarin protein. Nischarin knockout in astrocytes is neuroprotective against glutamate excitotoxicity, suggesting new drug targets for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suraj Kumar Mandal, Satya Gopal Nayak, Shankar Prasad Kanaujia
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on ATP-binding cassette transporters to scavenge essential metal ions for survival within host cells, potentially through a subunit sharing mechanism. The study highlights potential therapeutic targets for future treatments of tuberculosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Beenish Fakher, Bello Hassan Jakada, Joseph G. Greaves, Lulu Wang, Xiaoping Niu, Yan Cheng, Ping Zheng, Mohammad Aslam, Yuan Qin, Xiaomei Wang
Summary: This study systematically identified and classified sugar transporter genes in the pineapple genome, and found their important roles in reproductive growth and development. The sugar transporters also showed diel expression patterns and regulation under cold stress. The findings provide valuable information for further understanding the molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism in pineapple.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin K. Bakht, John J. Hayward, Farsheed Shahbazi-Raz, Magdalena Skubal, Ryo Tamura, Keith F. Stringer, Daniel Meister, Varadha Balaji Venkadakrishnan, Hui Xue, Adam Pillon, Mathew Stover, Adam Tronchin, Bre-Anne Fifield, Lavleen Mader, Sheng-Yu Ku, Gi Jeong Cheon, Keon Wook Kang, Yuzhuo Wang, Xuesen Dong, Himisha Beltran, Jan Grimm, Lisa A. Porter, John F. Trant
Summary: PSMA is highly overexpressed in most prostate cancers, but effectively absent from certain high-mortality, treatment-resistant subsets such as NEPC. However, GUL-based PSMA tracers still have the potential to identify NEPC metastatic tumors and may bind unknown proteins associated with PSMA-suppressed cancers. We identified the up-regulation of NAALADaseL and mGluRs in PSMA-suppressed prostate cancers, which inversely correlate with PSMA expression and are associated with GUL-based radiotracer uptake. NAALADaseL and mGluR expression also correlates with a unique cell cycle signature.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mizuki Uchida, Yukihiro Noda, Sho Hasegawa, Hirotake Hida, Masayuki Taniguchi, Akihiro Mouri, Akira Yoshimi, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Kiyofumi Yamada, Tomomi Aida, Kohichi Tanaka, Norio Ozaki
Summary: The study found that GLAST plays an important role in regulating cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice during neurodevelopment. Dysfunction of early postnatal glutamatergic facilitation by GLAST leads to cognitive and emotional abnormalities, primarily manifested as neurotransmission dysfunction and morphological changes.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dale Bryant, Valda Pauzuolyte, Neil J. Ingham, Aara Patel, Waheeda Pagarkar, Lucy A. Anderson, Katie E. Smith, Dale A. Moulding, Yeh C. Leong, Daniyal J. Jafree, David A. Long, Amina Al-Yassin, Karen P. Steel, Daniel J. Jagger, Andrew Forge, Wolfgang Berger, Jane C. Sowden, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
Summary: This study reveals the sequence of physiological changes leading to hearing loss in Norrie disease and suggests early intervention is necessary to prevent hearing loss.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marilena Elpidorou, James A. Poulter, Katarzyna Szymanska, Wia Baron, Katrin Junger, Karsten Boldt, Marius Ueffing, Lydia Green, John H. Livingston, Eammon G. Sheridan, Colin A. Johnson
Summary: This study found that a mutation in the MAL gene can cause a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy similar to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. The mutant MAL gene affects the distribution of PLP1, leading to abnormal development of cerebral white matter.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Maria Georgiou, Chunbo Yang, Robert Atkinson, Kuan-Ting Pan, Adriana Buskin, Marina Moya Molina, Joseph Collin, Jumana Al-Aama, Franziska Goertler, Sebastian E. J. Ludwig, Tracey Davey, Reinhard Luhrmann, Sushma Nagaraja-Grellscheid, Colin A. Johnson, Robin Ali, Lyle Armstrong, Viktor Korolchuk, Henning Urlaub, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Majlinda Lako
Summary: Mutations in PRPF31, a core protein of the spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex, cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). This study used iPSC technology to generate retinal organoids and RPE models from PRPF31-adRP patients, and found that RNA splicing, autophagy and lysosome, and visual cycle pathways were significantly affected. The accumulation of cytoplasmic aggregates and impaired waste disposal mechanisms were also observed in patient-derived cells. Activation of the autophagy pathway reduced the aggregates and improved cell survival.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sunayna Best, Jing Yu, Jenny Lord, Matthew Roche, Christopher Mark Watson, Roel P. J. Bevers, Alex Stuckey, Savita Madhusudhan, Rosalyn Jewell, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Siying Lin, Stephen Turner, Hannah Robinson, Joseph S. Leslie, Emma Baple, Carmel Toomes, Chris Inglehearn, Gabrielle Wheway, Colin A. Johnson
Summary: Reverse phenotyping improves the rate of successful molecular diagnosis for patients with primary ciliopathies. Previous analyses may have missed these diagnoses due to incomplete clinical data, highlighting the importance of better phenotyping for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Liyam Laraba, Lily Hillson, Julio Grimm de Guibert, Amy Hewitt, Maisie R. Jaques, Tracy T. Tang, Leonard Post, Emanuela Ercolano, Ganesha Rai, Shyh-Ming Yang, Daniel J. Jagger, Waldemar Woznica, Philip Edwards, Aditya G. Shivane, C. Oliver Hanemann, David B. Parkinson
Summary: The study reports new roles for the Hippo signalling pathway in NF2-null meningioma and schwannoma, and identifies the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A1 as a target of Hippo signalling. The novel TEAD inhibitor used in the study effectively blocks the growth of these tumour types, providing potential clinical applications.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Anthony Wright, Andrew Forge, Daniel J. Jagger
Summary: The human stria vascularis was examined in individuals who had received loop diuretics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, or a combination of the two. Structural changes were observed in the stria vascularis, which were similar to those seen in animal models. The study highlights the importance of using animal models to predict human ototoxicity.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Fatmah I. Ghuloum, Colin A. Johnson, Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo, Mahetab H. Amer
Summary: This review provides an overview of the role of Hedgehog signalling and mechanobiology in bone development and regeneration, highlighting the importance of Hedgehog signalling pathway response to mechanical cues in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and osteogenesis. Different tissue engineering strategies are proposed to apply the knowledge of 3D material-cell interactions in the modulation of Hedgehog signalling for research applications.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ida Signe Bohse Larsen, Lorenzo Povolo, Luping Zhou, Weihua Tian, Kasper Johansen Mygind, John Hintze, Chen Jiang, Verity Hartill, Katrina Prescott, Colin A. Johnson, Sureni V. Mullegama, Allyn McConkie-Rosell, Marie McDonald, Lars Hansen, Sergey Y. Vakhrushev, Katrine T. Schjoldager, Henrik Clausen, Thomas Worzfeld, Hiren J. Joshi, Adnan Halim
Summary: Mutations in the TMEM260 gene cause heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome. The TMEM260 gene encodes an ER-located protein O-mannosyltransferase that selectively glycosylates IPT domains. Disease-causing TMEM260 mutations impair O-mannosylation of IPT domains and result in receptor matura-tion defects and abnormal growth of 3D cell models.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Basudha Basu, Alice V. R. Lake, Becky China, Katarzyna Szymanska, Gabrielle Wheway, Sandra Bell, Ewan Morrison, Jacquelyn Bond, Colin A. Johnson
Summary: This study re-analyzed a genetic screen to identify the mechanisms behind aberrant formation of supernumerary primary cilia in mammalian cells. RACGAP1 was identified as the strongest candidate hit. The results showed that cytokinesis failure led to the formation of supernumerary cilia, and this has functional implications in diseases marked by centrosomal amplification.
ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah A. Hool, Jing-Yi Jeng, Daniel J. Jagger, Walter Marcotti, Federico Ceriani
Summary: This study investigated the changes in metabolism-related purinergic receptors in the supporting cells of the cochlea during aging. It was found that the expression of P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors increased in the aged cochlea, leading to larger calcium responses and calcium oscillations. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of age-related hearing loss.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Fatmah I. Ghuloum, Lee A. Stevens, Colin A. Johnson, Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo, Mahetab H. Amer
Summary: This study proposes a mechanism linking the activation of Hedgehog signalling to the osteoinductive effect of surface-engineered, topographically-textured polymeric microparticles. The researchers found that the topographical microenvironment plays a role in modulating Hedgehog signalling and inducing osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. This study highlights the potential for tailoring substrate topographical design to offer cell-instructive 3D microenvironments.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Maria Georgiou, Chunbo Yang, Robert Atkinson, Kuan-Ting Pan, Adriana Buskin, Marina Moya Molina, Joseph Collin, Sebastian E. J. Ludwig, Sushma Nagaraja-Grellscheid, Colin Johnson, Robin Ali, Lyle Armstrong, Viktor Korolchuk, Henning Urlaub, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Majlinda Lako
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Rob Atkinson, Chunbo Yang, Katarzyna Szymanska, Maria Georgiou, Chia Beh, Joseph Collin, Marina Moya Molina, Ross Laws, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Colin Johnson, Majlinda Lako
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evangelia S. Panagiotou, Narcis Fernandez-Fuentes, Layal Abi Farraj, Martin McKibbin, Nursel H. Elcioglu, Hussain Jafri, Eren Cerman, David A. Parry, Clare V. Logan, Colin A. Johnson, Chris F. Inglehearn, Carmel Toomes, Manir Ali
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the molecular basis of recessively inherited congenital cataract, microcornea, and corneal opacification. Through analysis using methods such as autozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, mutations in the SIX6 gene were found to be associated with the occurrence of ocular diseases.
Article
Pediatrics
Dirk E. Schrander, Heleen M. Staal, Colin A. Johnson, Alistair Calder, Neeti Ghali, Albert E. Chudley, Constance T. R. M. Stumpel
Summary: SAMS syndrome is an ultra-rare developmental disorder characterized by short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities. Only four affected individuals have been reported to date. The syndrome includes orthopaedic diagnoses such as scapulohumoral synostosis and bilateral congenital ventral dislocation of the hips. Therefore, SAMS syndrome should be considered as the primary diagnosis when bilateral congenital ventral dislocation of the hips and/or scapulohumoral synostosis are found or suspected.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.