Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Heutz, Jurgen Claassen, Sanne Feiner, Aaron Davies, Dewakar Gurung, Ronney B. Panerai, Rianne de Heus, Lucy C. Beishon
Summary: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is a key mechanism that regulates cerebral blood flow in response to transient changes in blood pressure. The literature remains conflicted on whether dCA is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A qualitative synthesis of eight studies suggests no significant difference in dCA parameters for spontaneous fluctuations between AD, MCI, and healthy controls. Limited data on induced fluctuations indicate preserved or possibly better autoregulatory functioning in AD and MCI compared to controls. Further research is needed to investigate dCA in dementia with induced fluctuations controlling for changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Heng Zhang, Yan Wang, Diyang Lyu, Yan Li, Wenwen Li, Qi Wang, Qi Qin, Xuechu Wang, Min Gong, Haishan Jiao, Wenying Liu, Jianping Jia
Summary: The study found a spatial-temporal pattern of decreased cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease progression, starting from specific regions and spreading to broader areas. Patients with Alzheimer's disease showed significant reductions in cerebral blood flow in the temporal, parietal, and hippocampal regions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaotong Wei, Xiaotong Du, Yingying Xie, Xinjun Suo, Xiaoxi He, Hao Ding, Yu Zhang, Yi Ji, Chao Chai, Meng Liang, Chunshui Yu, Yong Liu, Wen Qin
Summary: By mapping the region-specific nonlinear atrophic trajectory of the whole cerebrum from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), this study found that the atrophic trajectory is quadratic accelerated, especially in the superior temporal pole, caudate, and hippocampus. Furthermore, the study revealed that APOE ε4 carriers and younger patients had faster atrophic rates in specific regions. Lastly, the identified region-specific biomarkers were able to predict AD conversion within 10 years.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andreas Giannisis, Asma Al-Grety, Henrik Carlsson, Kalicharan Patra, Daniel Twohig, Sigrid Botne Sando, Camilla Lauridsen, Guro Berge, Goril Rolfseng Grontvedt, Geir Brathen, Linda R. White, Kim Kultima, Henrietta M. Nielsen
Summary: This study found important associations between low plasma apoE levels and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as progression from mild cognitive impairment to a clinical AD diagnosis.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenna Duan, Grace D. Zhou, Arvind Balachandrasekaran, Ashish B. Bhumkar, Paresh B. Boraste, James T. Becker, Lewis H. Kuller, Oscar L. Lopez, H. Michael Gach, Weiying Dai
Summary: This longitudinal study examined rCBF changes in different groups of NC, MCI, and AD participants using perfusion MRIs with ASL. Baseline rCBF values in specific brain regions were found to predict 3MSE scores at follow-up, indicating the potential for early prediction of cognitive decline and AD conversion using perfusion MRI biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiang Zou, Yujun Liao, Conglin Jiang, Yifan Yuan, Fan Zhao, Ding Ding, Liang Chen, Bin Xu, Ying Mao
Summary: By studying the correlation between cerebral blood flow and cognitive decline, as well as plasma AD biomarkers, it was found that reduced blood flow is associated with cognitive decline and AD pathology burden.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelsey R. Thomas, Jessica R. Osuna, Alexandra J. Weigand, Emily C. Edmonds, Alexandra L. Clark, Sophia Holmqvist, Isabel H. Cota, Christina E. Wierenga, Mark W. Bondi, Katherine J. Bangen
Summary: The study examined patterns of regional cerebral blood flow across different stages of Alzheimer's disease, revealing increased blood flow in specific brain regions in participants with subtle cognitive decline, potentially reflecting early neurovascular dysregulation and cognitive inefficiencies.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cally Xiao, Ioannis M. Pappas, Leon E. Aksman, Sid W. O'Bryant, Arthur Toga, HABS HD Study Team, Alzheimers Dis Neuroimaging Initiat
Summary: This study compared risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white participants, and found that APOE genotype was associated with fewer MCI cases and depression was associated with more AD cases in Hispanic participants.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ying-Ren Chen, Chih-Sung Liang, Hsin Chu, Joachim Voss, Xiao Linda Kang, Grant O'Connell, Hsiu-Ju Jen, Doresses Liu, Shu-Tai Shen Hsiao, Kuei-Ru Chou
Summary: Blood-based biomarkers have shown high diagnostic accuracy for detecting Alzheimer's disease, with plasma A beta 42, A beta oligomer, and plasma tau demonstrating good sensitivity and specificity. However, evidence for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment using blood-based biomarkers is still limited. Ultra-high sensitive technology can help explain the heterogeneity in diagnostic performance.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Alex Zabala-Findlay, Lewis K. Penny, Richard A. Lofthouse, Andrew J. Porter, Soumya Palliyil, Charles R. Harrington, Claude M. Wischik, Mohammad Arastoo
Summary: A meta-analysis of 48 studies found that blood-based total tau and phosphorylated tau proteins are associated with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The levels of these proteins were significantly elevated in participants with AD compared to healthy controls. This study provides important evidence for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fennie Choy Chin Wong, Chathuri Yatawara, Audrey Low, Heidi Foo, Benjamin Yi Xin Wong, Levinia Lim, Brian Wang, Dilip Kumar, Kok Pin Ng, Nagaendran Kandiah
Summary: The investigation revealed that hippocampal subfield atrophy worsened with increasing severity of small vessel disease. Positive SVD-HSA was characterized by significant atrophy in specific subfields, with greater atrophy seen in moderate to severe SVD compared to mild SVD. Atrophy in these subfields of SVD-HSA was significantly associated with poor episodic memory and frontal executive function.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingyue He, Zhan Liu, Tenghong Lian, Peng Guo, Wenjing Zhang, Yue Huang, Yanan Zhang, Gaifen Liu, Weijiao Zhang, Jinghui Li, Huiying Guan, Weijia Zhang, Dongmei Luo, Jing Qi, Hao Yue, Xiaomin Wang, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of APOE epsilon 4 on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that carrying APOE epsilon 4 was associated with cognitive impairment and decreased levels of NGF in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, NGF mediated the cognitive impairment associated with APOE epsilon 4.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mengzhe You, Xia Zhou, Wenwen Yin, Ke Wan, Wei Zhang, Chenchen Li, Mingxu Li, Wenhao Zhu, Xiaoqun Zhu, Zhongwu Sun
Summary: This study found significant gray matter atrophy in regions such as the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, APOE ε4 carriers showed a greater reduction in gray matter volume in the right hippocampus region. A significant interaction was observed between diagnosis and MTHFR C677T genotype in the right precuneus region in healthy controls and aMCI patients without the APOE ε4 allele.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin M. Hampstead, Anthony Y. Stringer, Alexandru D. Iordan, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, K. Sathian
Summary: Cognitive training is a potential technique for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurological injury and disease. Different training methods have different mechanisms of action and engage distinct brain regions. Mnemonic strategy training (MST) showed superior effects in the short term and increased activation and functional connectivity in multiple brain regions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Yi Qu, Ya-Hui Ma, Yu-Yuan Huang, Ya-Nan Ou, Xue-Ning Shen, Shi-Dong Chen, Qiang Dong, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: Blood-based biomarkers of AD pathology show significant changes between AD, aMCI, and control groups, indicating their strong validity in identifying AD and aMCI, and providing a new prospect for early diagnosis and monitoring of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Suk-Ki Chang, JeongYeong Kim, DongKyu Lee, Chang Hyun Yoo, Seokha Jin, Hak Young Rhee, Chang-Woo Ryu, Jong Kil Lee, HyungJoon Cho, Geon-Ho Jahng
Summary: This study compared the cerebral microvascular architecture of AD transgenic mice with non-transgenic mice using MRI techniques. The results showed that the transgenic group had higher vessel density, vessel size index, mean vessel diameter, and mean vessel-weighted image compared to the non-transgenic group. ROI analysis also demonstrated increased indices in multiple brain regions of the transgenic group, suggesting a link between neurovascular disruption in AD and alterations in cerebral microvasculature.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyon-Il Choi, Kiyoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Yunjung Chang, Hak Young Rhee, Soonchan Park, Woo-In Lee, Wonchae Choe, Chang-Woo Ryu, Geon-Ho Jahng
Summary: The study found associations between blood levels of CypA, HO-1, and IRE1 and grey matter volume (GMV) changes in the brain in elderly individuals with CN, aMCI, and AD, suggesting that these biomarkers may reflect the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease in the brain.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Koen P. A. Baas, Bram F. Coolen, Esben T. Petersen, Bart J. Biemond, Gustav J. Strijkers, Aart J. Nederveen
Summary: This study compared T-2-TRIR with TRUST in measuring T(2)b, Yv, and OEF. The results showed that T-2-TRIR-derived T(2)b values were higher, resulting in higher Yv estimates and lower OEF estimates.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher F. Madelung, David Meder, Soren A. Fuglsang, Marta M. Marques, Vincent O. Boer, Kristoffer H. Madsen, Esben T. Petersen, Anne-Mette Hejl, Annemette Lokkegaard, Hartwig R. Siebner
Summary: This study used neuromelanin sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the structural disintegration of the locus coeruleus (LC) and its association with nonmotor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The findings showed that PD patients had reduced structural integrity in the right LC, specifically in the mid-caudal region. The disintegration of the LC was linked to specific nonmotor symptoms, such as orthostatic dysregulation and apathy. Additionally, the severity of nonmotor symptoms was associated with the overall structural disintegration of the LC.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seung-Hyun Lim, Jiyoon Lee, Sumin Jung, Bokyung Kim, Hak Young Rhee, Se-Hong Oh, Soonchan Park, Ah Rang Cho, Chang-Woo Ryu, Geon-Ho Jahng
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate myelin loss in both AD and MCI patients using a new myelin water mapping technique. The study found that the AD group showed reduced myelin water compared to the CN and MCI groups, and the myelin water fraction in the corpus callosum can be used for group classification.
Article
Psychiatry
Katharina O. Sandstrom, Olga B. Baltzersen, Anouk Marsman, Cecilie K. Lemvigh, Vincent O. Boer, Kirsten B. Bojesen, Mette O. Nielsen, Henrik Lundell, Daban K. Sulaiman, Mikkel E. Sorensen, Birgitte Fagerlund, Adrienne C. Lahti, Warda T. Syeda, Christos Pantelis, Esben T. Petersen, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Hartwig R. Siebner, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: This trial aims to investigate the clinical effects of adding memantine to antipsychotic medication in treating negative symptoms and to characterize the neurobiological responses. The results of this trial could potentially optimize the treatment of schizophrenia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Louise Liu, Anke Ninija Karabanov, Marjolein Piek, Esben Thade Petersen, Axel Thielscher, Hartwig Roman Siebner
Summary: This study investigated the impact of aTDCS on neural activity in M1-HAND under different intensities. It was found that short-duration aTDCS at conventional intensity ranges does not consistently produce an instantaneous dose-dependent increase in rCBF in the targeted M1-HAND.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mads C. J. Barloese, Christian Bauer, Esben Thade Petersen, Christian Stevns Hansen, Sten Madsbad, Hartwig Roman Siebner
Summary: Type 2 diabetes causes long-term damage in multiple organs, including the brain. Cognitive decline is an independent risk factor for diabetes, and changes in neurovascular coupling may serve as a clinical marker for the development of cognitive decline.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mia Kolmos, Mads Just Madsen, Marie Louise Liu, Anke Karabanov, Katrine Lyders Johansen, Axel Thielscher, Karen Gandrup, Henrik Lundell, Soren Fuglsang, Esben Thade, Hanne Christensen, Helle Klingenberg Iversen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Christina Kruuse
Summary: This study aims to test the feasibility and efficacy of personalized, multi-electrode anodal TDCS of the ipsilesional primary motor hand area (M1-HAND) in patients with subacute stroke and upper-extremity paresis, and assess the effects of TDCS on motor network connectivity and interhemispheric inhibition using functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The results of this study may inform future personalized TDCS studies in patients with focal neurological deficits after stroke.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hans Staerkind, Kasper Jensen, Jorg H. Mueller, Vincent O. Boer, Esben T. Petersen, Eugene S. Polzik
Summary: By accurately measuring the transitions between extreme angular-momentum states of the cesium D2 line, we have overcome a major obstacle for accurate high-field optical magnetometry. We obtained very precise measurements of the linear and quadratic magnetic field dependence, characterized by the coefficients γ1 and γ2, which have potential applications in medical MRI, fusion reactors, and particle accelerators.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Malene Mejdahl Nielsen, Esben Thade Petersen, Christina Duhring Fenger, Mette Cathrine Orngreen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Vincent Oltman Boer, Michal Povaz, Allan Lund, Sabine Weller Gronborg, Trine Bjorg Hammer
Summary: This study reports a new case of a female patient with learning disabilities and seizures. The diagnosis was confirmed through molecular genetic testing and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The patient was treated with supplementation of creatine, arginine, and glycine, leading to significant clinical improvement and increased creatine levels in the brain after 28 months of treatment. Additionally, a review of 32 female cases from the literature provides valuable information on the phenotypes, genotypes, diagnostic approaches, and effects of supplementation treatment.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Therese Adrian, Mads Hornum, Filip Krag Knop, Karl Bang Christensen, Thomas Almdal, Peter Rossing, Lisa Lida, Niels Sondergaard Heinrich, Vincent Oltman Boer, Anouk Marsman, Esben Thade Petersen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between liver fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to compare different diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis. The results showed that using any of the three methods, significant liver fibrosis was found in 38% of CKD patients and 28% of non-CKD patients. However, after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, and duration of diabetes, no strong independent association was found between liver fibrosis and established CKD as assessed by FibroScan, FIB-4 score, and NFS, respectively.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Therese Adrian, Mads Hornum, Filip Krag Knop, Thomas Almdal, Peter Rossing, Lisa Lida, Niels Sondergaard Heinrich, Vincent Oltman Boer, Anouk Marsman, Esben Thade Petersen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes and compared the difference between patients with and without CKD. The results showed that the incidence of NAFLD was similar among patients with type 2 diabetes, and there was no significant association with CKD (stages 3-5).
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Vincent Oltman Boer, Jan Ole Pedersen, Nick Arango, Irene Kuang, Jason Stockmann, Esben Thade Petersen
Summary: This study presents the design of an eight-channel shim array for improving B-0 field shimming in ultra-high field systems. The array provides improved B-0 homogeneity in both static and dynamic shimming, with low complexity and cost.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jang-Hoon Oh, Hyug-Gi Kim, Kyung Mi Lee, Chang-Woo Ryu, Soonchan Park, Ji Hye Jang, Hyun Seok Choi, Eui Jong Kim
Summary: This study proposed an effective end-to-end process in medical imaging using an independent task learning (ITL) algorithm for maxillary sinusitis applications. The results showed reasonable performance in internal and external validation tests, compared to applications used in previous studies.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)