Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wenwen Cheng, Desiree Gordian, Mette Q. Ludwig, Tune H. Pers, Randy J. Seeley, Martin G. Myers
Summary: Body weight and adiposity are biologically controlled parameters that are influenced by a combination of factors. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body weight, while hindbrain neurons have been found to contribute to long-term control of body weight and can suppress food intake without producing aversive responses.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Georgina K. C. Dowsett, Brian Y. H. Lam, John A. Tadross, Irene Cimino, Debra Rimmington, Anthony P. Coll, Joseph Polex-Wolf, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, Charles Pyke, Giles S. H. Yeo
Summary: This study provides a detailed single-cell level characterization of cells in the AP and NTS expressing receptors for key anti-obesity drugs, revealing their gene expression profiles under different nutritional states. The research also identifies the transcriptional sensitivity of oligodendrocytes to overnight fasting and shows that roughly half of GIPR-expressing cells are oligodendrocytes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mette Q. Ludwig, Wenwen Cheng, Desiree Gordian, Julie Lee, Sarah J. Paulsen, Stine N. Hansen, Kristoffer L. Egerod, Pernille Barkholt, Christopher J. Rhodes, Anna Secher, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, Charles Pyke, Martin G. Myers, Tune H. Pers
Summary: The study indicates that DVC neuronal populations associated with obesity predisposition can suppress feeding, making them potential therapeutic targets for obesity treatment. By activating some of these neuronal populations, feeding in rodents can be decreased, highlighting their importance in regulating energy balance.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Motoi Kobashi, Yuichi Shimatani, Masako Fujita
Summary: We investigated the effects of anorectic substances on gastric reservoir function by examining the effects of oxytocin on the motility of the forestomach in rats. Oxytocin increased intragastric pressure in the forestomach in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed phasic contractions of the distal stomach. The involvement of the area postrema and/or medial nucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius in these effects was confirmed.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mette Q. Ludwig, Petar V. Todorov, Kristoffer L. Egerod, David P. Olson, Tune H. Pers
Summary: The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in the hindbrain plays a critical role in modulating satiety, with incretins like GLP-1 and GIP acting directly in the brain to regulate feeding through receptors expressed in the DVC. Single-cell approaches have been used to detect molecular signatures of incretin receptor-expressing cells in the DVC, and advancements in transcriptomics, epigenetics, spatial transcriptomics, and circuit mapping techniques hold potential for further characterizing incretin receptor circuits in the hindbrain.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marion E. C. Buso, Radhika V. Seimon, Sally McClintock, Roslyn Muirhead, Fiona S. Atkinson, Shannon Brodie, Jarron Dodds, Jessica Zibellini, Arpita Das, Anthony L. Wild-Taylor, Jessica Burk, Mikael Fogelholm, Anne Raben, Jennie C. Brand-Miller, Amanda Sainsbury
Summary: The study found that a higher-protein, low-GI diet for weight maintenance does not attenuate changes in ghrelin or peptide YY compared with a moderate-protein, moderate-GI diet. Subjective appetite sensations were not affected by the weight-reducing diet nor the weight-maintenance diets. While participants regained an average of similar to 50% of the weight they had lost by 36 months, the changes in ghrelin and peptide YY during the weight-reducing phase did not correlate with weight regain.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jordan B. Wean, Bret N. Smith
Summary: The research suggests that FGF19 increases glutamate release in the DMV through enhancing the activity of AP and NTS neurons connected to the DMV in hyperglycemic mice. Additionally, FGF19 has an impact on intrinsic membrane properties in the NTS, but the effect on glutamate release is not solely dependent on this mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Amelia Faradina, Yu-Tang Tung, Seu-Hwa Chen, Yu-Chi Liao, Meng-Jung Chou, I-Chun Teng, Wen-Ling Lin, Ching-Chiung Wang, Ming-Thau Sheu, Po-Yu Chou, Chun-Kuang Shih, Anatoly V. Skalny, Alexey A. Tinkov, Jung-Su Chang
Summary: This study found that djulis hull (DH) has positive effects on iron metabolism in obese rats, increasing serum and hepatic iron levels while decreasing appetite hormones, body weight, hepcidin, and liver inflammation. DH can downregulate hepatic hepcidin through the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway and enhance ferroportin via the Keap1-Nrf2 and PHD2-HIF-2 alpha pathways.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
George Thom, Alasdair McIntosh, Claudia-Martina Messow, Wilma S. Leslie, Alison C. Barnes, Naomi Brosnahan, Louise McCombie, Dalia Malkova, Ahmad Al-Mrabeh, Sviatlana Zhyzhneuskaya, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Roy Taylor, Michael E. J. Lean
Summary: The increase in ghrelin during diet-induced weight loss was found to be a predictor of weight regain, indicating that attenuating the effects of ghrelin may improve weight-loss maintenance.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Maria Grazia Cappai, Annette Liesegang, Cecilia Dall'Aglio, Giovanna Coppa, Carolina Pirino, Francesca Mercati, Walter Pinna
Summary: The study found that leptin is produced and receptor expressed in different tissues of the ovary in underweight queens, suggesting that the role of leptin may not be limited to the ovary, but may also affect other systemic functions in the body.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Soledad Pitra, Bret N. Smith
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the brain stem dorsal vagal complex in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis and neuroplastic changes associated with systemic glucose alterations. It also explores the critical connection between these nuclei and the gut, as well as the role of central vagal circuits in the favorable outcomes of bariatric surgical procedures for metabolic disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ricardo J. Samms, Richard Cosgrove, Brandy M. Snider, Ellen C. Furber, Brian A. Droz, Daniel A. Briere, James Dunbar, Mridula Dogra, Jorge Alsina-Fernandez, Tito Borner, Bart C. De Jonghe, Matthew R. Hayes, Tamer Coskun, Kyle W. Sloop, Paul J. Emmerson, Minrong Ai
Summary: This study found that GIPR agonism can reduce PYY-induced nausea and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for improving the tolerability of weight loss agents.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Malgorzata M. Brzozowska, Michelle Isaacs, Dana Bliuc, Paul A. Baldock, John A. Eisman, Chris P. White, Jerry R. Greenfield, Jacqueline R. Center
Summary: This study examined the impact of three types of bariatric surgery compared with dietary intervention on changes in insulin resistance and appetite hormones over 3 years. The results showed that all surgical groups experienced significant reductions in insulin resistance, with the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass showing the greatest difference at 12-36 months. Furthermore, the increase in postprandial PYY and adiponectin was associated with improvements in insulin resistance during weight stability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessia Costa, Minrong Ai, Nicolas Nunn, Isabella Culotta, Jenna Hunter, Mehdi Boutagouga Boudjadja, Lourdes Valencia-Torres, Gabriella Aviello, David J. Hodson, Brandy M. Snider, Tamer Coskun, Paul J. Emmerson, Simon M. Luckman, Giuseppe D'Agostino
Summary: The study identified that cholecystokinin-expressing neurons in the caudal brainstem are crucial for the effects of GLP-1RAs and provide a novel framework for understanding and ameliorating GLP-1RA-induced nausea.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nikolaos Perakakis, Olivia M. Farr, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: This study found that fasting levels of gastrointestinal hormones are associated with brain activity in response to highly desirable food stimuli in obese individuals. Specifically, GIP levels were inversely related to attention-related brain areas activation, while oxyntomodulin and glicentin levels were positively associated with reward-related brain areas activation.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Correction
Neurosciences
Lucia Privitera, Ellen L. Hogg, Matthias Gaestel, Mark J. Wall, Sonia A. L. Correa
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Ya Jiang, Guan-Hao Wang, Jing-Jiao Xu, Xiao-Li Li, Xiao-Yan Lin, Xiang Fang, Hong-Xu Zhang, Mei Feng, Chun-Ming Jiang
Summary: This study reveals the importance of LINC00473 in regulating temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GB) and its potential mechanism. By regulating the expression of CEBP alpha and MGMT, LINC00473 promotes the formation of chemoresistance. Furthermore, LINC00473 can transfer chemoresistance to adjacent sensitive cells through exosomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Olga Kopach, Tetyana Pivneva, Nataliya Fedirko, Nana Voitenko
Summary: This study found that diabetic animals exhibit severe xerostomia characterized by reduced saliva flow rate, diminished total protein content, and decreased amylase activity. The impaired saliva production in diabetes is associated with reduced and delayed intracellular Ca2+ signals in submandibular acinar cells, caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Targeting malfunctioning mitochondria may be a potential strategy for the treatment of diabetic xerostomia.
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas M. Timme, Cherish E. Ardinger, Seth D. C. Weir, Rachel Zelaya-Escobar, Rachel Kruger, Christopher C. Lapish
Summary: This study aimed to assess aversion-resistant drinking behavior in head-fixed mice and explore the relationship between non-consummatory behaviors and aversion-resistant drinking. The results showed that head-fixed mice exhibited heterogenous levels of aversion-resistant drinking and non-consummatory behaviors were related to the intensity of this behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
David R. Maguire, Charles P. France
Summary: Methocinnamox (MCAM) is a novel, long-acting opioid receptor antagonist that effectively decreases fentanyl self-administration and prevents opioid overdose in monkeys. The study demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of MCAM in the treatment of opioid use disorder.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang Li, Dan Feng, Shenglu Ma, Mingxing Li, Shulei Zhao, Man Tang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fluoxetine on neurochemical, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral changes in different subregions of the hippocampus. The results showed that fluoxetine increased dialysate 5-HT, decreased membrane 5-HTT protein, and increased cytoplasmic fraction. Additionally, fluoxetine reduced immobility times in behavioral tests, with greater effects observed in the ventral subregion compared to the dorsal subregion.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander V. Zholos, Mariia I. Melnyk, Dariia O. Dryn
Summary: Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter in visceral smooth muscles, activating M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors to cause smooth muscle excitation and contraction. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying acetylcholine-induced depolarisation and smooth muscle contraction, as well as the effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastrointestinal motility. The knowledge gained from recent studies has greatly expanded our understanding of these processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhenlong Li, Hsien-Yu Peng, Chau-Shoun Lee, Tzer-Bin Lin, Ming-Chun Hsieh, Cheng-Yuan Lai, Han-Fang Wu, Lih-Chyang Chen, Mei-Ci Chen, Dylan Chou
Summary: Methylone shows significant efficacy in treating depression and social deficits, making it an ideal candidate for anti-depressant medication.
Article
Neurosciences
Aline Freyssin, Allison Carles, Sarra Guehairia, Gilles Rubinstenn, Tangui Maurice
Summary: This study explores the potential of combining FENM and S1R agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that most FENM-based combinations can protect against learning deficits caused by A beta 25-35, with better efficacy in short-term memory.
Article
Neurosciences
J. D. Lorente, J. Cuitavi, L. Rullo, S. Candeletti, P. Romualdi, L. Hipolito
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of pain on negative affect in different sexes and time courses, as well as the involvement of the dynorphinergic and corticotropin releasing factor systems in these pain-related behaviors. The results showed sex and time-dependent anxiety- and anhedonia-like behaviors induced by pain in female rats. The recruitment of KOR/DYN in the NAc was identified as a key neurological substrate mediating pain-induced behavioral alterations.
Article
Neurosciences
Rongjun Liu, Daofan Sun, Xiuzhong Xing, Qingge Chen, Bo Lu, Bo Meng, Hui Yuan, Lan Mo, Liufang Sheng, Jinwei Zheng, Qiusheng Wang, Junping Chen, Xiaowei Chen
Summary: The coexistence of pain and depression is frequently observed in patients with chronic pain and depression. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide, has been reported to relieve chronic pain and depressive symptoms. This study investigated the effect of intranasal oxytocin on neuropathic pain and comorbid depressive symptoms, and found that oxytocin attenuated depression-like behavior but did not alleviate mechanical hyperalgesia. The results suggest that intranasal oxytocin may have the potential to treat depressive symptoms in neuropathic pain patients.