Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Benjamin R. Troutwine, Laylan Hamid, Colton R. Lysaker, Taylor A. Strope, Heather M. Wilkins
Summary: Genetic variation in the APOE gene is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The APOE epsilon 4 alleles are the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD, while the APOE epsilon 2 alleles have lower risk and the APOE epsilon 3 alleles have neutral risk.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shanshan Zhang, Sajid Asghar, Chenqi Zhu, Junxiu Ye, Ling Lin, Liu Xu, Ziyi Hu, Zhipeng Chen, Feng Shao, Yanyu Xiao
Summary: This study presents a multi-functional delivery system (APND-3) designed to address the issues of poor drug delivery to the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. The system, based on a novel peptide (MOP) with self-assembling properties, significantly enhances the delivery of MOP to the brain, reducing A beta deposition and improving neurological outcomes in AD model mice.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda B. Chai, Hin Hei Julian Lam, Maaike Kockx, Ingrid C. Gelissen
Summary: Research has shown a strong correlation between apoE4 and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, primarily due to increased brain Aβ burden, earlier disease onset, and worse clinical outcomes caused by apoE4. However, there is still debate on the effects of different apoE isoforms on various stages of the Aβ processing pathway, potentially reflecting inconsistencies in research methodologies.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuma Murakami, Shiori Horii, Mizuho Hanaki, Kazuhiro Irie
Summary: The aggregation of Amyloid beta 42 in Alzheimer's disease involves nucleation and elongation phases. An orcein derivative, O4, has been shown to convert toxic oligomers into inert fibrils. Screening natural products for compounds that delay nucleation and promote elongation revealed several candidates that reduce the toxicity of Amyloid beta 42 against neuroblastoma cells. These compounds may interact with Amyloid beta 42 to shift its equilibrium from toxic oligomers to inert fibrils.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandre Androuin, Manon Thierry, Susana Boluda, Asha Baskaran, Dominique Langui, Charles Duyckaerts, Marie-Claude Potier, Khalid Hamid El Hachimi, Benoit Delatour, Serge Marty
Summary: This study investigates the subcellular localization of Aβ fibrils in transgenic mouse models and human brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results show the accumulation of Aβ fibrils in intralysosomal lipofuscin granules in mice and undigested material in enlarged lipofuscin granules in human cortical biopsies. However, no intraneuronal accumulations of Aβ fibrils were detected in the examined samples.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Kristopher M. Kirmess, Matthew R. Meyer, Mary S. Holubasch, Stephanie S. Knapik, Yan Hu, Erin N. Jackson, Scott E. Harpstrite, Philip B. Verghese, Tim West, Ilana Fogelman, Joel B. Braunstein, Kevin E. Yarasheski, John H. Contois
Summary: The PrecivityAD (TM) test developed by C2N quantifies A beta isoforms and APOE isoform-specific proteotyping accurately and with high precision. The results show that the test is sensitive, linear over a wide analytical range, free from significant interferences, and suitable for use in clinical laboratories.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Sulatskaya, Georgy N. Rychkov, Maksim Sulatsky, Ekaterina Mikhailova, Nadezhda M. Melnikova, Veronika S. Andozhskaya, Irina M. Kuznetsova, Konstantin K. Turoverov
Summary: This comprehensive study provides new evidence on the amyloid polymorphism of Aβ 40 and Aβ 42. It shows that Aβ 42 fibers have a higher tendency to form large clots and exhibit stronger resistance to destabilizing effects, as well as explicit cytotoxicity. In contrast, Aβ 40 fibers have a lower tendency to cluster and weaker resistance to external factors. Additionally, cross-seeding of Aβ 40 fibrillogenesis using preformed Aβ 42 fibrils changes the morphology and increases the stability and cytotoxicity of Aβ 40 fibrils.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mari Aksnes, Hans Christian D. Aass, Ann Tiiman, Lars Terenius, Nenad Bogdanovi, Vladana Vukojevi, Anne-Brita Knapskog
Summary: In this small pilot study, there was no association between serum nanoplaques and serum cytokines in patients assessed at a memory clinic. This suggests that serum nanoplaque levels cannot be used to differentiate clinical AD patients from non-AD patients in this unselected memory clinic cohort.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mari Aksnes, Hans Christian D. Aass, Ann Tiiman, Trine Holt Edwin, Lars Terenius, Nenad Bogdanovic, Vladana Vukojevic, Anne-Brita Knapskog
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fibrillary amyloid aggregates and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid. The results showed that increased nanoplaque levels were associated with decreased levels of MIP-1 beta, MIP-1 alpha, and IL-8. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for various factors.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tripti Halder, Bharat Patel, Niyati Acharya
Summary: This study developed nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Asiatic acid (AA) for targeted delivery to the brain and improvement of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. The optimized carriers showed desired particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency for brain targeting delivery. In vitro experiments demonstrated better neuroprotective potential of the carriers compared to AA suspension. Pharmacokinetic studies showed increased AA content in plasma and brain after administration of the carriers. The treatment with the carriers significantly improved cognitive deficits in AD rats.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohamed Raafet Ben Khedher, Mohamed Haddad, Tamas Fulop, Danielle Laurin, Charles Ramassamy
Summary: This study reveals the interrelation between cEVs and amyloid-beta (Aβ) and shows that early dysregulation of cEVs may increase the risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatiana P. MacKeigan, Megan L. Morgan, Peter K. Stys
Summary: In this study, an optimized ThS staining protocol was developed for the sensitive detection of beta-amyloids in the widely used 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse model. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of a controlled ThS staining protocol and highlight the potential use of ThS for the detection of protein misfolding that precedes clinical manifestation of disease.
Article
Neurosciences
Hee-Jung Moon, Vahram Haroutunian, Liqin Zhao
Summary: APOE genotype is associated with the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Sialic acid modification affects the function of ApoE protein and the interaction with Aβ peptides, providing a possible explanation for the differential roles of ApoE isoforms in Aβ pathology.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel L. Kober, Melissa D. Stuchell-Brereton, Colin E. Kluender, Hunter B. Dean, Michael R. Strickland, Deborah F. Steinberg, Samantha S. Nelson, Berevan Baban, David M. Holtzman, Carl Frieden, Jennifer Alexander-Brett, Erik D. Roberson, Yuhua Song, Tom J. Brett
Summary: The study using comprehensive biolayer interferometry analysis revealed that TREM2 binds apoE through a protein-mediated mechanism, with slight affinity differences among isoforms; TREM2 and sTREM2 can directly bind mAβ42 and potently inhibit Aβ42 polymerization, suggesting a potential role in preventing AD pathogenesis.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yun-Mi Kim, SuJi Park, Su Yeon Choi, Shin Bi Oh, MinKyo Jung, Chan-Gi Pack, Jung Jin Hwang, Eunyoung Tak, Joo-Yong Lee
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta aggregates in the brain. Clusterin, or apolipoprotein J, is a risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The study found that clusterin binds to amyloid-beta aggregates, preventing further aggregation and increasing the population of smaller aggregates.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andreia Biolchi Mayer, Henrique de Oliveira Amaral, Danilo Gustavo R. de Oliveira, Gabriel Avohay Alves Campos, Priscilla Galante Ribeiro, Solange Cristina Rego Fernandes, Adolfo Carlos Barros de Souza, Raffael Hinio Araijo de Castro, Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca, Marcia Renata Mortari
Summary: This study synthesized three bioinspired peptides based on fraternine and tested their effects in a Parkinson's disease model. The peptides fra-10 and fra-14 improved motor coordination, but most of the peptides were toxic at the applied doses. All three peptides reduced the intensity of lesion-induced rotations. The peptide fra-24 increased the number of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra and reduced the concentration of the cytokine TNF-alpha, suggesting it has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease.