Review
Neurosciences
Ian D. Coombs, Stuart G. Cull-Candy
Summary: The functional properties of AMPA receptors are crucial in shaping excitatory synaptic signaling in the brain. Understanding the behavior and regulation of single AMPAR channels is essential in unraveling how central synapses carry, process, and store information. Auxiliary subunits play a key role in regulating AMPAR channel properties and adding diversity, while single-channel studies reveal the unique behavior of AMPAR channels.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johansen B. Amin, Miaomiao He, Ramesh Prasad, Xiaoling Leng, Huan-Xiang Zhou, Lonnie P. Wollmuth
Summary: NMDA receptors have two gates that are regulated by distinct subunits, with one gate mainly regulating single channel events and the other gate mainly regulating entry and exit from clusters. The unique kinetics of NMDARs contribute to their role in synaptic signaling, with clusters of rapid opening and closing separated by long silent periods.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kunwei Wu, David Castellano, Qingjun Tian, Wei Lu
Summary: The study reveals distinct roles of GluN2A and GluN2B-NMDA receptors in regulating tonic inhibition in hippocampal neurons, with NMDAR subunit-specific mechanisms at play. Tonic inhibition is modulated by various factors in both physiological and pathological conditions.
Review
Neurosciences
Sehoon Won, Katherine W. Roche
Summary: Phosphorylation regulates glutamate receptor trafficking and plays a key role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. The protein tyrosine phosphatase STEP61 is involved in differentially regulating NMDARs and AMPARs, and has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Its interplay with Fyn and GluN2B-containing NMDARs has been extensively studied, demonstrating its importance in synaptic function.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Jonathan G. Hanley
Summary: AMPA receptors play a critical role in synaptic transmission and brain function, with their expression at synapses determining functional connectivity of neuronal circuits and underpinning learning and memory. Dysregulation of excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity processes is involved in various neurological disorders. MiRNAs play a role in regulating AMPAR subunit expression and synaptic plasticity, potentially contributing to both physiological and pathological changes in the brain.
Article
Cell Biology
Sophie J. F. van der Spek, Nikhil J. Pandya, Frank Koopmans, Iryna Paliukhovich, Roel C. van der Schors, Mylene Otten, August B. Smit, Ka Wan Li
Summary: AMPA glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) is the major excitatory ionotropic receptor at synapses in the brain. Different subunits and subtypes of AMPA receptors have different effects on synaptic plasticity and interact with various associated proteins. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis on the specific interactome of AMPA receptor subtypes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna A. Kovalenko, Maria V. Zakharova, Olga E. Zubareva, Alexander P. Schwarz, Tatiana Y. Postnikova, Aleksey V. Zaitsev
Summary: Seizures can severely impact brain function and development, with disturbances of the glutamatergic system considered a critical mechanism of neurological abnormalities. Analysis of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit expression in different brain regions using a rat model revealed notable changes in the dorsal hippocampus, deepening our understanding of post-seizure disturbances in the developing brain. The study confirms that although various brain structures are involved in seizures, the hippocampus is the most vulnerable.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenlu Yu, Hendrik F. P. Runge, Antara Mukhopadhyay, Gerd Zolles, Maximilian H. Ulbrich
Summary: Using single-molecule imaging, this study investigates the binding of auxiliary subunits gamma-2 and GSG1L to the AMPA receptor. The results show that both subunits compete for binding sites on the receptor and have similar binding affinities, suggesting dynamic changes in receptor composition under native conditions.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ioanna Pitsidianaki, Jason Morgan, Jamie Adams, Kyra Campbell
Summary: The study reveals that Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) during midgut morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster involves down-regulation of the EMT transcription factor Serpent, secretion of specific laminins via the CopII secretory pathway, and basal polarization of alpha PS1 integrin. These mechanisms are crucial for the formation and positioning of the midgut epithelium, and targeting these pathways along with therapies preventing EMT may provide a strategy to block metastasis in cancer.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yinxia Li, Xue Bai, Min Gao, Haikun Chen, Xiaoyao Ma, Yihan Zhang, Huhu Bai, Yanni Liu, Xiaodong Hu, Zhanwei Suo
Summary: AKAP150 organizes kinases and phosphatases to regulate AMPA receptors and plays a crucial role in spinal nociceptive processing. Inhibition of AKAP150 interactions with kinases effectively suppresses the synaptic expression of AMPARs, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for persistent pain.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander K. Zinsmaier, Yan Dong, Yanhua H. Huang
Summary: Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are partially mediated by adaptive changes in the brain reward circuits induced by cocaine. The nucleus accumbens integrates emotional and motivational inputs and prioritizes them for the reward system. Medium spiny neurons in the NAc show complex adaptations following cocaine experience, influenced by various factors such as cocaine regimen, withdrawal time, cell type, location, and input/output projections.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Philip Regan, Scott J. Mitchell, Seung-Chan Kim, Younbok Lee, Jee Hyun Yi, Saviana A. Barbati, Christopher Shaw, Kwangwook Cho
Summary: The study revealed that pTau decreases the binding between tau and PACSIN1 proteins at specific serine residues, leading to PACSIN1-dependent functional and structural synapse weakening. Knock-down of tau or PACSIN1 increases AMPAR-mediated current at extrasynaptic regions, indicating their role in affecting AMPAR trafficking.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter M. Matthews, Alexandra Pinggera, Domen Kampjut, Ingo H. Greger
Summary: AMP-type glutamate receptors in the central nervous system are predominantly involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, with their signaling properties and abundance at synapses being crucial for synapse efficacy and plasticity. Unique to these receptors is the presence of interacting proteins that play a role in their complex regulation, including transient interactions with the receptor cytoplasmic tail and the N-terminal domain. Additionally, an array of transmembrane proteins act as auxiliary subunits impacting receptor trafficking, stabilization, gating, and pharmacology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhang, John-Man-Tak Chu, Gordon-Tin-Chun Wong
Summary: This article reviews how glutamate handling and glutamatergic function are affected by neuroinflammation and their contribution to cognitive impairment. The authors summarize the current data regarding glutamate in neurotransmission, including its receptors and regulation. They also examine the impact of inflammation on glutamate handling and neurotransmission, focusing on changes in glial cells and the effect of cytokines. Finally, they discuss the implications of these changes for perioperative neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hee-Dae Kim, Jing Wei, Tanessa Call, Nicole Teru Quintus, Alexander J. Summers, Samantha Carotenuto, Ross Johnson, Xiaokuang Ma, Chenxi Xu, Jin G. Park, Shenfeng Qiu, Deveroux Ferguson
Summary: Depression is a major cause of disability with current treatment approaches being largely ineffective. Understanding the molecular mechanisms within specific cell-types in the brain may lead to the development of more effective therapies.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)