Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kondababu Kurakula, Valerie F. E. D. Smolders, Olga Tura-Ceide, J. Wouter Jukema, Paul H. A. Quax, Marie-Jose Goumans
Summary: This review highlights the crucial role of endothelial cell dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its contribution to the progression of the disease. The activation of various cellular signaling pathways due to endothelial cell dysfunction ultimately leads to pulmonary artery remodeling and occlusion. Understanding the molecular signals orchestrating endothelial cell dysfunction in PAH is essential for exploring therapeutic interventions targeting this process.
Review
Immunology
Nils Rother, Cansu Yanginlar, Elmar Pieterse, Luuk Hilbrands, Johan van der Vlag
Summary: This article introduces the main techniques for isolating and characterizing microparticles, explains the characteristics of microparticles generated during cell death, illustrates the different mechanisms of intercellular communication through microparticles, and summarizes the role of microparticles in pathological mechanisms, with a particular focus on autoimmune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josiane L. Broussard, Samuel Klein
Summary: This article discusses the association between insufficient sleep and the risk of obesity, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of sleep extension in individuals with chronic sleep insufficiency.
Review
Cell Biology
Kanchan Phadwal, Christina Vrahnas, Ian G. Ganley, Vicky E. MacRae
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in bioenergetics and biosynthesis within cells, but under oxidative stress, they can lead to dysfunction and cellular apoptosis, contributing to aging and inflammatory states. Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for preserving the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, while mitochondrial dysfunction may directly contribute to vascular calcification and related pathologies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Charline Peylo, Yannik Hilla, Paul Sauseng
Summary: The well-established finding is that alpha activity shows retinotopic amplitude modulation during shifts in visual attention, suggesting a crucial role in visual information processing. Recent studies are investigating the possible causal relationship between alpha activity and responses to visual input, discussing evidence for and against a causal role of alpha activity in visual attentional processing. Hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which top-down-modulated alpha activity in the parietal cortex might select visual information for attentive processing are also discussed.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Serge Alain Fobofou, Tor Savidge
Summary: Changes in the composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiome can negatively affect host physiology. Understanding the mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions is important for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Metabolites produced by microbes play a significant role in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chih-Yuan Ko, Chung-Hsin Wu, Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen, Li-Wen Chen, James Swi-Bea Wu, Wen-Chung Huang, Szu-Chuan Shen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of Ficus formosana extract (FFE) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in ovariectomized diabetic mice. The results showed that FFE improved DPN symptoms by suppressing oxidative damage, alleviating pain responses, and reducing nerve abnormalities.
Article
Clinical Neurology
David R. Beers, Jason R. Thonhoff, Alireza Faridar, Aaron D. Thome, Weihua Zhao, Shixiang Wen, Stanley H. Appel
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of regulatory T lymphocyte therapy on oxidative stress and acute phase proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The results showed that Treg therapy could suppress levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and stabilize serum levels of acute phase proteins. These findings suggest that Treg therapy may serve as a potential monitoring tool for immunomodulating therapies.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aura D. Herrera-Martinez, Vicente Herrero-Aguayo, Jesus M. Perez-Gomez, Manuel D. Gahete, Raul M. Luque
Summary: Inflammasomes, composed of innate immune system components, play a role in inflammatory responses to various diseases. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and there is a complex relationship between inflammation and obesity-related complications.
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Florian Kronenberg
Summary: Telomere length mirrors aging and is affected by oxidative stress and inflammation. The causal relationship between telomere length and chronic kidney disease is debated in research, with new insights provided by a study using Mendelian randomization analysis.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Celia Baroux
Summary: The evolution of the nucleus plays a crucial role in compartmentalizing the genome into functional domains at different scales. The emerging field of '3D Genomics' has led to the development of a multiscale model of the eukaryotic genome, shedding light on its organizing principles and functionalities. This minireview explores the causality between genome positioning/folding and functional states, drawing examples from recent studies in plants and animals.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfonso D. Silva-Ochoa, Erick Velastegui, Isaac B. Falconi, Valeria I. Garcia-Solorzano, Angie Rendon-Riofrio, Gabriela A. Sanguna-Soliz, Wim Vanden Berghe, Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Summary: This article reviews important studies linking epigenetics with metabolic syndrome and discusses the significance of metabolic syndrome based on statistical data from developing countries.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannelore Hartmann, Wan Yun Ho, Jer-Cherng Chang, Shuo-Chien Ling
Summary: ALS is a common adult-onset motor neuron disease characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons. Dyslipidemia, particularly abnormal cholesterol levels, has been reported in ALS patients, but its specific role in the disease remains unclear. Further research is needed to understand the potential contribution of cholesterol metabolism to ALS.
Review
Physiology
Adam Ramzy, Timothy J. Kieffer
Summary: Peptide hormones require cleavage of precursor prohormones to produce mature hormones. Altered prohormone processing is observed in diabetes and may contribute to its development.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Pei Han, Jian-Qing Gu, Li-Sha Li, Xue-Yan Wang, Hong-Tian Wang, Yan Wang, Christopher Chang, Jin-Lyu Sun
Summary: The incidence of allergic disorders is increasing in industrialized countries. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic, environmental factors. The association between intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases is significant, but the precise mechanisms are still unknown.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)