Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gareth Pryce, Sofia Sisay, Gavin Giovannoni, David L. Selwood, David Baker
Summary: The study found that BK channel openers have neuroprotective effects and can inhibit nerve loss and disability caused by autoimmune diseases. This could make them potential stand-alone neuroprotective agents or add-ons to treat multiple sclerosis.
Article
Immunology
Wenlin Hao, Qinghua Luo, Michael D. Menger, Klaus Fassbender, Yang Liu
Summary: Anti-CD52 therapy demonstrates neuroprotective effects in EAE mice by reducing T lymphocyte counts, preventing myelin loss, and protecting neurons. Neuronal BDNF regulates the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CD52 antibody in EAE mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ulas Ceylan, Steffen Haupeltshofer, Laura Kaemper, Justus Dann, Bjorn Ambrosius, Ralf Gold, Simon Faissner
Summary: Clozapine regulates microglial function and attenuates chronic EAE, even in a therapeutic treatment paradigm. This well-defined generic medication might be considered as a promising add-on therapeutic for further development in progressive MS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Chiara Tremolanti, Chiara Cavallini, Laurence Meyer, Christian Klein, Eleonora Da Pozzo, Barbara Costa, Lorenzo Germelli, Sabrina Taliani, Christine Patte-Mensah, Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
Summary: Research suggests that phenylindoleglyoxylamydes (PIGAs) translocator protein (TSPO) ligands may have therapeutic potential in mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that mimics primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in humans. Treatment with PIGA1138 significantly reduced clinical symptoms and improved motor function in MOG-EAE mice, while preserving myelin and axonal integrity. PIGA1138 also inhibited immune cell infiltration, reducing inflammation, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Arezoo Hosseini, Tohid Gharibi, Adel Mohammadzadeh, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan, Farhad Jadidi-niaragh, Zohreh Babaloo, Dariush Shanehbandi, Elham Baghbani, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: Ruxolitinib ameliorated the severity of EAE by modulating the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, reducing inflammatory markers levels and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Review
Immunology
Jacqueline M. Orian, Claretta S. D'Souza, Pece Kocovski, Guy Krippner, Matthew W. Hale, Xiaowei Wang, Karlheinz Peter
Summary: Platelets play important roles not only in thrombosis and hemostasis, but also in inflammatory and immune reactions. They are central to immune responses and may serve as key mediators in autoimmune disorders, such as their association with multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Sofia Pereira das Neves, Joao Carlos Sousa, Nuno Sousa, Joao Jose Cerqueira, Fernanda Marques
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. Disease progression and disability in MS are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low-grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells like astrocytes.
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Serena Paladini, Davide Marangon, Andrea C. Rossetti, Alice Guidi, Giusy T. Coppolino, Camilla Negri, Vittoria Spero, Maria Pia Abbracchio, Davide Lecca, Raffaella Molteni
Summary: Prenatal stress exposure can have severe consequences on offspring's brain development and long-term repercussions in adulthood. It can also increase the severity of EAE symptoms and alter the maturation of spinal cord oligodendrocytes.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wesley H. H. Godfrey, Soonmyung Hwang, Kaho Cho, Shruthi Shanmukha, Payam Gharibani, Efrat Abramson, Michael Davin Kornberg
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by neuroaxonal injury. This study reveals that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is nitrosylated in the central nervous system during MS. Inhibition of nitrosylated GAPDH (SNO-GAPDH) with CGP3466b reduces neurologic disability and axonal injury in an MS mouse model. These findings suggest that SNO-GAPDH contributes to neuroaxonal injury in MS and identify CGP3466b as a potential neuroprotective therapy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nozomi Sachi, Naganori Kamiyama, Benjawan Saechue, Sotaro Ozaka, Astri Dewayani, Shimpei Ariki, Thanyakorn Chalalai, Yasuhiro Soga, Chiaki Fukuda, Yomei Kagoshima, Supanuch Ekronarongchai, Takashi Kobayashi
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune attack on the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, expressing chemokine receptor CCR6, is crucial in determining disease activity. The role of CCL20, the ligand of CCR6, in attracting immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis has not been fully understood. This study generated CCL20-knockout and CCR6-knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the migratory function mediated by CCL20/CCR6 may not be necessary for the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Taekyun Shin, Meejung Ahn, Jeongtae Kim, Kyungsook Jung, Changjong Moon, Moon-Doo Kim
Summary: Visual disabilities are important symptoms in central nervous system autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Past studies have focused on neuro-inflammatory changes in the white matter of the brain, but lesions have been found in the visual pathway and retina/optic nerves. While retina and optic nerves are immunologically privileged sites, inflammation can occur via other routes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Camponeschi, Maria De Carluccio, Susanna Amadio, Maria Elisabetta Clementi, Beatrice Sampaolese, Cinzia Volonte, Maria Tredicine, Vincenzo Romano Spica, Rosa Di Liddo, Francesco Ria, Fabrizio Michetti, Gabriele Di Sante
Summary: The study demonstrated a direct correlation between S100B and inflammatory processes, and investigated the effect of AA on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by inhibiting astrocytic S100B synthesis. The results showed that the AA-treated group had milder symptoms in the early phase of the disease and reduced various pathological features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Christina Brown, Christina McKee, Sophia Halassy, Suleiman Kojan, Doug L. Feinstein, G. Rasul Chaudhry
Summary: The study investigated the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells derived from human primitive mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. The transplanted NSCs improved EAE symptoms more than MSCs, homed into the CNS, reduced immune infiltrates, modulated Treg and Th17 cell levels, enhanced myelination, and promoted neuroprotection and neurogenesis through upregulating genes involved in myelination and neuroprotection while downregulating inflammatory and astrogliosis genes.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cassandra E. Meyer, Andrew W. Smith, Aitana A. Padilla-Requerey, Vista Farkhondeh, Noriko Itoh, Yuichiro Itoh, Josephine L. Gao, Patrick D. Herbig, Quynhanh Nguyen, Katelyn H. Ngo, Mandavi R. Oberoi, Prabha Siddarth, Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Allan MacKenzie-Graham
Summary: In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination in the cerebral cortex leads to atrophy and clinical disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of estriol treatment on the cerebral cortex in a preclinical model of MS. The results showed that estriol treatment initiated after disease onset reduced atrophy and had neuroprotective effects in the cerebral cortex.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Manoj Kumar Mishra, Jianxiong Wang, Reza Mirzaei, Rigel Chan, Helvira Melo, Ping Zhang, Chang-Chun Ling, Aldo Bruccoleri, Lin Tang, V. Wee Yong
Summary: Iron deposition in the brain of multiple sclerosis patients is toxic to neurons and current therapies are ineffective in countering this toxicity. However, a distinct extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa was found to protect neurons from iron toxicity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic tool for multiple sclerosis.