Article
Behavioral Sciences
Catia Correia-Caeiro, Kun Guo, Daniel Mills
Summary: Dogs and humans have species-specific differences in emotion perception, with dogs focusing more on the body while humans focus more on the head when viewing emotional expressions. Both species also show a clear age effect, with reduced head gaze as they age. These findings have important implications for managing interactions between humans and dogs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leon O. H. Kroczek, Angelika Lingnau, Valentin Schwind, Christian Wolff, Andreas Muehlberger
Summary: Social interaction involves fast and efficient processing of another person's intentions. Facial emotions can influence people's judgement of action intentions, especially in short video clips where angry facial expressions led to actions being more likely to be perceived as aggressive.
Article
Psychology, Social
Zachary Witkower, Jessica L. Tracy, Anthea Pun, Andrew S. Baron
Summary: Previous research shows that children can recognize facial expressions and static bodily expressions of negative emotions at a young age, with bodily expressions of sadness being identified as early as age 3, fear around ages 4-5, and anger between ages 6-8. Recognition of these expressions increases with age, indicating that children can reliably identify distinct negative emotions from bodily expressions, varying by age and emotion type.
JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Belinda M. Craig, Ottmar V. Lipp
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between bodily cues of sex and emotion in body perception. The results showed that sex cues influenced emotion categorization and emotion cues affected sex categorization. Garner interference was observed in emotion perception but not in sex perception, and its presence depended on the valence of the expressions used.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joshua W. Maxwell, Michael Joseph, Eric Ruthruff
Summary: Facial expressions of emotion are identified automatically when sufficiently unambiguous, bypassing the central attentional bottleneck. This was demonstrated through experiments using the backward correspondence effect (BCE) and studying the processing of different types of facial stimuli.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
YuMeng Zhao, Zhen Liu, TingTing Liu, YuanYi Wang, YanJie Chai
Summary: This paper presents a novel perspective to treat the affective features of gait as the fusion of spatial-temporal features. By integrating pose and affective features, the proposed Affective-Pose Gait network achieved an accuracy of 85.2% on the Emotion-Gait dataset, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Shlomo Hareli, Shimon Elkabetz, Yaniv Hanoch, Ursula Hess
Summary: Two studies indicate that emotion expressions can influence risk perception in different domains, with observers using their naive understanding of emotions to infer the likelihood of an expresser engaging in risky behavior.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celso M. de Melo, Kazunori Terada, Francisco C. Santos
Summary: The experimental analysis reveals how emotion expressions interact with direct and indirect reciprocity mechanisms to shape individual choices and foster cooperation, highlighting the significance of emotions in promoting societal cooperation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Lorena Chantal Kegel, Sascha Fruhholz, Thomas Grunwald, Dieter Mersch, Anton Rey, Hennric Jokeit
Summary: This study aimed to investigate brain activation differences in people with epilepsy compared to controls when processing dynamic facial expressions displayed by human or avatar faces. Results showed that people with temporal lobe epilepsy exhibited altered brain responses to dynamic expressions compared to neurologically healthy individuals, particularly in areas sensitive to dynamic facial features and processes relating to the self and others.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Irena Arslanova, Vasiliki Meletaki, Beatriz Calvo-Merino, Bettina Forster
Summary: The study investigates the contribution of the somatosensory cortex to early perceptual processes involved in judging others' emotional facial expressions. It examines the specificity of somatosensory cortex activity to different emotions and the role of personality factors. The findings suggest that there are distinct modulations of somatosensory cortex activity to angry and happy expressions, and that the anger response is influenced by individual differences in trait alexithymia.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Shinnosuke Ikeda
Summary: Human beings perceive the emotions of others through various cues, such as facial expressions and bodily postures, and these emotions are recognized to some extent in a culturally universal pattern. Approach-avoidance reactions toward the expressor occur at the initial stage of emotion perception.
JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Instruments & Instrumentation
Stephanie Wright, Joseph Levermore, Yukari Ishikawa
Summary: Microplastic pollution is a global concern for the environment and human health. In order to assess the potential hazards associated with high concentrations of microplastics, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of exposure concentrations. Infrared and near-infrared microspectroscopies have been used to analyze microplastics in various matrices, and recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of multivariate and machine learning algorithms. This article provides an up-to-date review of the literature on measuring microplastic exposure using infrared spectroscopy and highlights the recent advancements in this field.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Daniel N. Albohn, Joseph C. Brandenburg, Kestutis Kveraga, Reginald B. Adams
Summary: Decades of research have shown that contextual information from the body, visual scene, and voices can help in judging facial expressions of emotion. However, most studies have suggested that bodily expressions provide context for interpreting facial expressions, but not the other way around. This research aimed to investigate when mutual processing of facial and bodily displays of emotion can enhance or interfere with emotion recognition. Two studies found strong evidence for integration effects, but not interference. Integration effects were most pronounced when the emotional clarity of facial and bodily expressions was low, indicating that when more information is needed in one channel, the other channel is recruited. This low-level visual integration occurs even with briefly presented, backward-masked stimuli.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lillian Dollinger, Petri Laukka, Lennart Bjorn Hogman, Tanja Banziger, Irena Makower, Hakan Fischer, Stephan Hau
Summary: Nonverbal emotion recognition accuracy (ERA) is essential for successful communication, and two different training programs focusing on multimodal expressions and micro expressions respectively were evaluated. Results showed that the training program focusing on multimodal expressions was more effective in improving overall ERA, while the one focusing on micro expressions was more effective in improving micro expression ERA specifically. Transfer effects of the training programs were not observed, and participants with lower baseline ERA showed more improvements.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jordan Wylie, Ryan E. Tracy, Steven G. Young
Summary: Accurate identification of emotion is crucial in social interactions, and different spatial frequencies of visual information have been found to influence perception of emotional expressions.
Article
Biology
Nick Taubert, Michael Stettler, Ramona Siebert, Silvia Spadacenta, Louisa Sting, Peter Dicke, Peter Thier, Martin A. Giese
Summary: The study found that human observers were able to quickly learn cross-species expressions, indicating that face dynamics are largely represented independently of facial shape. This result supports the co-evolution of visual processing and motor control of facial expressions, while challenging appearance-based neural network theories of dynamic expression recognition.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alina Haipt, David Rosenbaum, Kristina Fuhr, Martin Giese, Anil Batra, Ann-Christine Ehlis
Summary: In this study, the neuronal mechanisms of functional reorganization after hypnotherapy (HT) for depressed patients were investigated. The results showed that HT had differential effects on the patients' emotional processing, depending on their rumination style. The study suggests that HT affects emotional processing and this effect is moderated by rumination.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Annika Thierfelder, Jens Seemann, Natalie John, Florian Harmuth, Martin Giese, Rebecca Schule, Ludger Schols, Dagmar Timmann, Matthis Synofzik, Winfried Ilg
Summary: This longitudinal study aimed to identify quantitative motor biomarkers in degenerative ataxias in real-life turning movements that are sensitive to longitudinal changes and the preataxic stage. The results showed that measures of dynamic balance during turning were able to differentiate ataxic subjects from healthy controls in real life, with high sensitivity to longitudinal differences in ataxia severity and the preataxic stage.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
David Rosenbaum, Isabell Int-Veen, Hendrik Laicher, Florian Torka, Agnes Kroczek, Julian Rubel, Glenn Lawyer, Zoe Burger, Isabel Bihlmaier, Helena Storchak, Kerstin Velten-Schurian, Thomas Dresler, Ramona Taglich, Betti Schopp, Hans-Christoph Nurk, Birgit Derntl, Vanessa Nieratschker, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis
Summary: Recent research has highlighted the role of social stress in inducing depressive rumination, especially in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was shown to effectively induce depressive rumination in MDD patients. Furthermore, MDD subjects exhibited hypoactivity in the Cognitive Control Network during social stress, which was associated with differences in post-stress rumination between MDD and healthy controls.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sabrina Schneider, Dahlnym Yoon, Andreas Mokros, Maximilian Fritz Schwarz, Angelina Baster, Denis Koehler
Summary: Psychopathy is an important construct in forensic settings, and its theoretical basis and measurement are relevant to researchers, criminal justice administrators, and decision-makers. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA) is a recently developed self-report scale that measures psychopathic traits based on the five-factor model. Recent research has provided initial support for the reliability and construct validity of the EPA, and exploratory factor analyses have found a four-factor structure in different samples from the United States. This study further examines the content and factorial validity of the EPA across three independent, non-American samples, confirming the proposed four-factor structure and demonstrating that the EPA is a psychometrically sound assessment tool for psychopathy.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christian Lassmann, Winfried Ilg, Marc Schneider, Maximilian Voelker, Daniel F. B. Haeufle, Rebecca Schuele, Martin Giese, Matthis Synofzik, Ludger Schoels, Tim W. Rattay
Summary: This study found specific movement abnormalities in potential SPG4 patients before the manifestation of gait impairment, which were correlated with neurodegenerative biomarkers and could help in early interventions.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Enrico Chiovetto, Alessandro Salatiello, Andrea d'Avella, Martin A. A. Giese
Summary: A unified framework for modeling and identifying different classes of motor primitives is introduced. The anechoic mixture model and the Fourier-based Anechoic Demixing Algorithm were used to successfully identify qualitatively different motor primitives, showing comparable or better reconstruction performance compared to traditional model-specific algorithms.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Baichen Li, Marta Poyo Solanas, Giuseppe Marrazzo, Rajani Raman, Nick Taubert, Martin Giese, Rufin Vogels, Beatrice de Gelder
Summary: This ultrahigh field 7 T fMRI study investigated the presence of a core network in the brain involved in different aspects of body perception. Participants viewed videos of monkey and human faces, bodies, and objects, as well as scrambled videos for control. Network analysis using independent component analysis (ICA) was conducted to examine body and species modulations at both voxel and network levels. The study identified a human body-specific network that may serve as an internal model for various processes related to body descriptions.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
A. Bognar, R. Raman, N. Taubert, Y. Zafirova, B. Li, M. Giese, B. De Gelder, R. Vogels
Summary: Previous functional imaging studies have found body-selective patches in the primate visual temporal cortex, however, the use of static images may have underestimated the extent of the body patch network. In this study, dynamic displays of natural-acting monkey bodies were used to map the full extent of the macaque body patch system. It was found that body patches were consistently present in both the lower and upper banks of the STS, and showed higher activation by dynamic displays compared to static images.
Review
Psychiatry
Sandy Sue Spormann, Andreas Mokros, Sabrina Schneider
Summary: Research shows that men generally have higher psychopathy scores than women. However, measurement equivalence, an important prerequisite for investigating mean differences, is often overlooked in psychopathy assessments. This study provides a systematic review of the literature on measurement invariance between men and women for several psychopathy assessments. The majority of studies indicate higher psychopathy scores among men compared to women, but further research is needed to address the structural differences more systematically.
FORENSISCHE PSYCHIATRIE PSYCHOLOGIE KRIMINOLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Christian Lassmann, Winfried Ilg, Tim W. Rattay, Ludger Schoels, Martin Giese, Daniel F. B. Haeufle
Summary: In Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), gait changes in prodromal and early-to-moderate manifest participants can be predicted and evaluated by comparing neuro-muscular simulations and patient gait changes, linking them to neuro-muscular dysfunction for early therapeutic interventions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sabrina Schneider, Sandy Sue Spormann, Isabel Monika Maass, Andreas Mokros
Summary: The Trifurcated Model of Narcissism (TriMN) is gaining attention in the study of narcissistic traits due to its clear distinction of the three core elements of narcissistic personalities: agentic extraversion (AE), narcissistic antagonism (NA), and narcissistic neuroticism (NN). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI) and its abbreviations, such as the brief form (FFNI-BF), are the only measures that assess these traits directly and simultaneously. However, other scales like the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS) also measure parts of TriMN. It is unclear to what extent these alternative measures overlap and can be used interchangeably. Our research combines NARQ and HSNS to assess the three narcissism dimensions and shows that it outperforms FFNI-BF in terms of structure, theory-consistent relations, and predictive validity. This provides insights for future research on TriMN and its dimensions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Social
Miriam J. Hofmann, Andreas Mokros, Sabrina Schneider
Summary: Psychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in fear processing. Individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may experience threatening situations with appreciation or positivity, resulting in reduced negative fear responses and heightened positive responses (fear enjoyment hypothesis, FEH).
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jana Lang, Martin A. Giese, Matthis Synofzik, Winfried Ilg, Sebastian Otte
Summary: The study proposed a coupled classification and prediction approach that can classify the success of catching trials before the first ball contact. This approach outperformed other models in terms of accuracy and confidence.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MACHINE LEARNING - ICANN 2021, PT IV
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.