Article
Neurosciences
Cherie Strikwerda-Brown, Rebekah M. Ahmed, Olivier Piguet, Muireann Irish
Summary: This study aimed to examine the capacity for visual perspective taking and theory of mind in bvFTD, and to establish their inter-relationships and underlying neural correlates. The results showed significant impairments in all aspects of perspective taking in bvFTD, but these impairments were not correlated with each other. Neuroimaging analyses revealed distinct neural correlates for visual perspective taking and theory of mind, with partial overlap. Future research is needed to further elucidate the cognitive mechanisms and real-world implications of these impairments in bvFTD.
BRAIN AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Francesca Rocchi, Hiroyuki Oya, Fabien Balezeau, Alexander J. Billig, Zsuzsanna Kocsis, Rick L. Jenison, Kirill V. Nourski, Christopher K. Kovach, Mitchell Steinschneider, Yukiko Kikuchi, Ariane E. Rhone, Brian J. Dlouhy, Hiroto Kawasaki, Ralph Adolphs, Jeremy D. W. Greenlee, Timothy D. Griffiths, Matthew A. Howard, Christopher I. Petkov
Summary: This study found comparable effective connectivity patterns between macaque monkeys and humans in brain pathways supporting language and memory, with human-specific differences in hemispheric lateralization effects. Additionally, rapid evoked potentials were observed between the auditory cortex and VLPFC in humans, indicating direct projections similar to those seen in monkeys.
Article
Psychiatry
Felice Iasevoli, Luigi D'Ambrosio, Mariateresa Ciccarelli, Annarita Barone, Valeria Gaudieri, Sirio Cocozza, Giuseppe Pontillo, Arturo Brunetti, Alberto Cuocolo, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Sabina Pappata
Summary: In this study, FDG-PET was used to compare the cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and schizophrenia responders (nTRS), as well as controls. The results showed that TRS patients exhibited altered metabolism in certain brain regions that were not affected in nTRS patients, suggesting a more severe disrupted functional brain network associated with disorganization symptoms. Additionally, Clz-nR patients showed more significant metabolic reduction compared to Clz-R patients.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
S. F. A. Axelsson, N. K. Horst, Naotaka Horiguchi, A. C. Roberts, T. W. Robbins
Summary: Studies have shown the significant role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in higher order cognitive functions, with inactivation causing disruption in sequencing accuracy. Dopamine and serotonergic blockade had contrasting effects on performance, with dopamine producing error perseveration and serotonin significantly impairing accuracy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clement M. Garin, Marie Garin, Leonardo Silenzi, Rye Jaffe, Christos Constantinidis
Summary: The size of the prefrontal cortex in humans is not disproportionately enlarged compared to other catarrhini species. However, humans have the most relatively enlarged frontal and parietal lobes in an infraorder exhibiting a disproportionate expansion of these areas.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ann-Kathrin Stock, Shijing Yu, Filippo Ghin, Christian Beste
Summary: High-dose alcohol intoxication impairs inhibitory control, but the specific conditions and neurocognitive/neuroanatomical changes remain unclear. This study found that high-dose alcohol intoxication compromises response inhibition performance when working memory demands are low, but not when they are high. This may be caused by deficits in cognitive control or attentional processes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph P. Happer, Laura C. Wagner, Lauren E. Beaton, Burke Q. Rosen, Ksenija Marinkovic
Summary: Inhibitory control relies on integrated functions across neural networks, which are better captured using aMEG that combines MEG with MRI. Experimental results show that visually salient stimuli can facilitate response withholding on certain trials and hinder responding to others, highlighting the interplay between attention and inhibitory processes. The study emphasizes the role of neural synchrony in theta band in underlying inhibitory control and attentional processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Jun Zhao, Licheng Mo, Rong Bi, Zhenhong He, Yuming Chen, Feng Xu, Hui Xie, Dandan Zhang
Summary: The study found that both the DLPFC and VLPFC play a role in facilitating the downregulation of affective responses caused by social exclusion, demonstrating their causal role in voluntary emotional regulation. Additionally, these two cortical regions show relative functional specificity for distraction (DLPFC) and reappraisal (VLPFC) strategies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wanying Zhao, Yanchang Li, Yi Du
Summary: The study investigates how the frontal control region interacts with temporal representation in semantic integration by using inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation. The results suggest a two-stage gesture-speech integration circuit with sequential involvement of pMTG and IFG, providing new insights into the dynamic brain network of multimodal semantic processing.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Javier Pena, Agurne Sampedro, Yolanda Balboa-Bandeira, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza, M. Acebo Garcia-Guerrero, Natalia Ojeda
Summary: This study examines the neural basis of creativity and finds that the left DLPFC and left IFG are associated with divergent thinking and convergent thinking. The results show that tRNS may have advantages over tDCS in divergent thinking.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaeun Ahn, DeokJong Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Young-Chul Jung
Summary: This study aimed to explore the shared and unique functional neurobiological basis of binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The results showed differences in brain activation patterns in reward sensitivity between these disorders. BED patients exhibited higher impulsivity compared to healthy controls, and both BED and BN patients showed weaker functional connectivity (FC) between the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right precuneus. Additionally, in BED patients, the FC strength between these regions was negatively correlated with self-reported impulsivity. In both BED and BN, FC between the left lateral OFC and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was weaker than in controls, while FC between the left medial OFC and the right cerebellar lobule IV was stronger in BED than in other groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth A. Disbrow, Nathaniel D. Glassy, Elizabeth M. Dressler, Kimberley Russo, Elizabeth A. Franz, Robert S. Turner, Maria Ventura, Leighton Hinkley, Richard Zweig, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Christina R. Ledbetter, Karen A. Sigvardt
Summary: This study used magnetoencephalography to investigate abnormalities in cortical networks related to response activation and inhibition in Parkinson's disease. The findings suggest that Parkinson's disease is associated with disrupted beta band activity during activation processes and deficits in un-cued movement initiation. Compensatory mechanisms may be present in the alpha band activity in the pre-supplementary motor area.
Article
Psychiatry
Qiong Huang, Lulu Hou, Wenpei Zhang, Renlai Zhou
Summary: This study examined the neural functional dysregulation in individuals with high test anxiety (HTA) using functional connectivity (FC) analysis. The results showed that individuals with HTA have deficits in prefrontal control and tend to recruit more resources to deal with emotional interference during tests. The dysregulated functional connectivity between the ACC and frontal-parietal regions may underlie the pathophysiology of test anxiety.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Licheng Mo, Sijin Li, Si Cheng, Yiwei Li, Feng Xu, Dandan Zhang
Summary: The DLPFC plays a more crucial role in distraction, while the VLPFC plays a more crucial role in reappraisal during social interactions.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yaojin Li, Jianwen Chen, Xintong Zheng, Jianxiu Liu, Cong Peng, Youguo Liao, Yan Liu
Summary: This study found that adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have cognitive state disorder instead of working memory deficit during the N-back task. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the study analyzed the activation characteristics of blood oxygen levels in specific brain regions and found differences between ADHD patients and healthy controls. Temporally, ADHD patients showed earlier peak activation in these regions compared to healthy controls.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Federica Meconi, Juan Linde-Domingo, Catarina S. Ferreira, Sebastian Michelmann, Bernhard Staresina, Ian Apperly, Simon Hanslmayr
Summary: Through two experiments, the study found that memories play a significant role in empathy, as participants' experiences in empathetic tasks can trigger the reactivation of their autobiographical memories, leading to heightened emotional responses.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Zacharopoulos, Francesco Sella, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Charlotte Hartwright, Uzay Emir, Roi Cohen Kadosh
Summary: Previous research has shown the important roles of glutamate and GABA in learning and plasticity, but how they translate into real-life cognitive abilities and their relationship with human learning, which change with development, remains unknown. A recent study found that GABA and glutamate play dynamic and dissociable roles in predicting learning, with opposite trends during development, providing new insights for learning and plasticity models in childhood and adulthood.
Article
Psychiatry
Clare M. Eddy, Peter C. Hansen
Summary: The study found direct correlations between thought action fusion (TAF) and empathy, with different factors influencing TAF moral and likelihood. This indicates that emotional and cognitive factors play a role in the development of personal distress. The study also highlights the potential importance of alexithymia and emotion contagion in the development of psychiatric symptoms related to TAF.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Rory T. Devine, Ian A. Apperly
Summary: This study explored the relationships between theory of mind, social motivation, and children's social competence in middle childhood and early adolescence. The results suggest that individual differences in theory of mind and social motivation are associated with teacher-rated social competence. Both theory of mind ability and social motivation contribute to successful social interaction at school.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Katherine Ellis, Jo Moss, Chrysi Stefanidou, Chris Oliver, Ian Apperly
Summary: Children with CdLS, FXS and RTS show delays in early social cognitive development similar to autistic children, with CdLS children showing the greatest delay. Differences in task performance suggest a disruption in social cognitive development in these syndromes beyond general cognitive delays, highlighting the need for further exploration of underlying mechanisms.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Jessica Wang, Natalia Ciranova, Bethany Woods, Ian A. Apperly
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Foyzul Rahman, Klaus Kessler, Ian A. Apperly, Peter C. Hansen, Sabrina Javed, Carol A. Holland, Charlotte E. Hartwright
Summary: The decline in theory of mind with age may be linked to older adults' disproportionate struggles in managing conflict between cued locations, while individual differences in attention and response speed play a key role in explaining the level of conflict experienced with incompatible self-other perspectives.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmad Abu-Akel, Stephen J. Wood, Rachel Upthegrove, Katharine Chisholm, Ashleigh Lin, Peter C. Hansen, Steven M. Gillespie, Ian A. Apperly, Christiane Montag
Summary: This study explores the co-occurrence of autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, finding that they may exist together in some individuals. Based on the diametric model, the impact of this co-occurrence on functional impairment is investigated. Results suggest that in some cases, individuals with autistic traits and positive symptoms may experience attenuated functional impairments.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sanne W. van der Kleij, Ian Apperly, Laura R. Shapiro, Jessie Ricketts, Rory T. Devine
Summary: Reading fiction is associated with theory of mind, which refers to our understanding of others' thoughts and desires. A study of 236 children found that children's fiction reading was associated with theory of mind, while non-fiction reading was not.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Ross Wilson, Ales Hruby, Daniel Perez-Zapata, Sanne W. van der Kleij, Ian A. Apperly
Summary: The ability to mindread recursively, thinking about others' thoughts in a recursive manner, is an example of how one thought or idea becomes embedded within another. It has been suggested that mindreading is an exceptional and complex process, involving multiple recursive steps. However, a conceptual analysis of existing mindreading tasks questions the exceptional nature of mindreading. Revised tasks were created to test recursive mindreading capacity more rigorously. Study 1 found significantly worse performance on the revised tasks compared to the original tasks, suggesting that recursive mindreading is effortful and limited. Study 2 replicated these findings and also found that incentives and assistance improved performance. These findings highlight the limitations of recursive mindreading and raise questions about its role in communication, culture, and literature.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Roksana Markiewicz, Foyzul Rahman, Ian Apperly, Ali Mazaheri, Katrien Segaert
Summary: This research investigated the link between Theory of Mind (ToM) and communicative cooperation. The study found that communicative cooperation is influenced by the ToM ability of both oneself and their cooperative partner. The findings suggest that higher ToM scores are associated with more successful cooperative outcomes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
E. Reindl, C. Tennie, I. A. Apperly, Z. Lugosi, S. R. Beck
Summary: Associative Tool Use (ATU) refers to the use of two or more tools in combination, and research has shown that some primate and bird species can spontaneously invent this behavior. However, it is poorly understood whether children are also able to spontaneously invent ATU behaviors and at what age this ability emerges. In two experiments involving preschoolers, it was found that children from 3 years of age could spontaneously invent various types of ATU behaviors, although success rates were low.
EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.