Article
Neurosciences
Paula Kaanders, Hamed Nili, Jill X. O'Reilly, Laurence Hunt
Summary: In this study using fMRI, researchers investigate the neural basis of information sampling in economic choice. The activity of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) was found to predict further information sampling, while a distributed network of regions across the prefrontal cortex encoded key features of the sampled information.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lea Zillich, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Marion M. Friske, Jerome C. Foo, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Helene Dukal, Franziska Degenhardt, Per Hoffmann, Anita C. Hansson, Markus M. Nothen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H. Witt
Summary: This study investigated differential DNA-methylation between individuals with severe AUD and controls in various brain regions, identifying novel CpG-sites and regions implicated in AUD. Results suggest potential epigenetic correlates of AUD in specific brain regions, particularly highlighting immune-related pathways in the ventral striatum. This study provides a significant basis for further exploration of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying AUD.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Petar P. Raykov, James L. Keidel, Jane Oakhill, Chris M. Bird
Summary: The study shows that people's cognitive abilities can influence the encoding and retrieval of novel life-like events. Person knowledge can enhance neural activity patterns when watching new events involving familiar characters, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Article
Psychiatry
Tiziana Imbriglio, Marika Alborghetti, Valeria Bruno, Giuseppe Battaglia, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Milena Cannella
Summary: The study found that TAAR1 mRNA levels were increased in the SCZ prefrontal cortex, with no correlation to various factors. Differences in TAAR1 protein levels were observed between neuropathological burden subgroups of CTRL, but not within the SCZ group. TAAR1 protein levels were lower in CTRL with low neuropathological burden compared to all SCZ samples or SCZ samples with low neuropathological burden. In the SCZ group, TAAR1 protein levels were inversely correlated with duration of antipsychotic treatment and higher in individuals treated with second-generation antipsychotics.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Elizabeth Woo, Dibyadeep Datta, Amy F. T. Arnsten
Summary: mGlu3 receptors are mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rat PL mPFC, and are also found in microglia to a lesser extent. They are predominantly located on axons and widely distributed in the glial membrane, but are also present on dendritic spines, particularly in layer III.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefano Delli Pizzi, Raffaella Franciotti, Piero Chiacchiaretta, Antonio Ferretti, Richard A. Edden, Carlo Sestieri, Mirella Russo, Stefano L. Sensi, Marco Onofrj
Summary: This study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The results showed that patients with SSD exhibited higher gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), indicating both shared and individual effects of PD and SSD on mPFC neurotransmission and connectivity patterns.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Geoffrey W. Diehl, A. David Redish
Summary: Decision-making requires different aspects of information and involves multiple cognitive processes. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to play a central role in these abilities. Previous studies on mPFC function have yielded controversial results, but this study with rats performing an economic decision task revealed four distinct functional domains within mPFC, closely related to anatomical subregions. Dorsal mPFC regions were more involved in processing active decisions, while ventral regions were more engaged in motivational factors.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Atsumi Nitta, Naotaka Izuo, Kohei Hamatani, Ryo Inagaki, Yuka Kusui, Kequan Fu, Takashi Asano, Youta Torii, Chikako Habuchi, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Shuji Iritani, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Norio Ozaki, Yoshiaki Miyamoto
Summary: Suppressing Piccolo in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice leads to a reduction in synaptic proteins, electrophysiological impairments, and abnormal behaviors resembling those seen in schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Min K. Souther, Daniel H. Wolf, Rebecca Kazinka, Sangil Lee, Kosha Ruparel, Mark A. Elliott, Anna Xu, Matthew Cieslak, Greer Prettyman, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Joseph W. Kable
Summary: Deficits in motivation and pleasure are common in psychiatric disorders, and the dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is specifically linked to these impairments. These findings provide a potential neural target for the development of novel treatments for amotivation and anhedonia.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amir Asgari, Paul Jurasz
Summary: Megakaryocytes are important members of the hematopoietic system, responsible for regulating vascular homeostasis through platelets. The process of megakaryopoiesis generates mature megakaryocytes which release proplatelets into blood vessels. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a modulatory role in hematopoiesis and hemostasis. This review summarizes the effect of NO and its signaling on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Alla Yankouskaya, Jie Sui
Summary: Self and emotions play significant roles in motivational factors for an individual's pursuit of health and well-being. The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been identified as a shared neural signature for the relationship between self-relevant and emotion information processing. The MPFC is crucial for discriminating between self and positive emotions, but not as crucial for negative emotions.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Y. Xu, C. Li, G. Liu, H. Zhang, S. Tian, H. Hao, Y. Hao
Summary: This study found that Ang 1-7 significantly increased NO synthesis in rat VSMCs cultured under high glucose conditions by regulating Cav-1 expression, Cav-1-eNOS interaction, oxidative stress, and intracellular Ca2+ levels.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Congwu Du, Yueming Hua, Kevin Clare, Kicheon Park, Craig P. Allen, Nora D. Volkow, Xiu-Ti Hu, Yingtian Pan
Summary: Individuals with substance use disorder are at a higher risk of contracting HIV and progressing to AIDS. Neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration are characteristic of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Studies have found that cocaine potentiates the neurotoxic effects of HIV-associated proteins. The NMDA antagonist drug memantine shows potential in attenuating the neurotoxicity caused by cocaine and HIV.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
George J. Dugbartey
Summary: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with kidney failure. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a significant challenge to the long-term success of this intervention. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a potential candidate for mitigating IRI and preventing graft rejection in kidney transplantation. This review provides an overview of the sources and protective effects of endogenous and exogenous NO in kidney transplantation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabio Arias, Francisco Franco-Montalban, Miguel Romero, Juan Duarte, M. Dora Carrion, M. Encarnacion Camacho
Summary: This paper describes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of selective inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The most potent and selective compound showed inhibitory activity against iNOS without undesirable cardiovascular effects. In silico analysis predicted good drug-likeness properties for promising compounds, which also exhibited adequate cell viability. Docking studies revealed a unique binding mode for one compound and explained its selectivity towards iNOS.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
E. Frawley, M. Cowman, M. Lepage, G. Donohoe
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in improving functioning in early psychosis. The results indicated that psychosocial interventions, particularly when provided as part of a multi-component intervention model in community-based settings, are associated with significant improvements in social and occupational function. Different intervention approaches showed varying levels of effectiveness, with cognitive remediation training outperforming symptom-focused cognitive behavioural therapy interventions and multi-component interventions associated with the largest gains.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Linda M. Bonnekoh, Stephanie Seidenbecher, Katrin Knigge, Anne-Kathrin Huenecke, Coraline D. Metzger, Claus Tempelmann, Martin Kanowski, Joern Kaufmann, Gabriela Meyer-Lotz, Konstantin Schlaaff, Henrik Dobrowolny, Leonardo Tozzi, Dorothee M. Gescher, Johann Steiner, Clemens Kirschbaum, Thomas Frodl
Summary: This study investigated metabolic alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of patients with major depression and comorbid anxiety disorder. It found a relationship between N-acetylaspartate metabolism in the ACC and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) as represented by long-term cortisol output.
WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yan Sun, Tianye Jia, Edward D. Barker, Di Chen, Zuo Zhang, Jiayuan Xu, Suhua Chang, Guangdong Zhou, Yun Liu, Nicole Tay, Qiang Luo, Xiao Chang, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Andreas Heinz, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Lin Lu, Jie Shi, Gunter Schumann, Sylvane Desrivieres
Summary: Negative life events (NLEs) increase the risk for externalizing behaviors (EBs) and internalizing behaviors (IBs). DNA methylation associated with behavioral problems may reflect this risk and long-lasting effects of NLEs.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Helene Vulser, Herve S. Lemaitre, Stella Guldner, Pauline Bezivin-Frere, Martin Loffler, Anna S. Sarvasmaa, Jessica Massicotte-Marquez, Eric Artiges, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Irina Filippi, Ruben Miranda, Argyris Stringaris, Betteke Maria van Noort, Jani Penttila, Yvonne Grimmer, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Juliane H. Frohner, Hugh Garavan, Antoine Grigis, Penny A. Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Michael N. Smolka, Philip A. Spechler, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Herta Flor, Jean-Luc Martinot, Frauke Nees
Summary: Adolescence is a critical period for circadian rhythm, with a shift toward eveningness. Eveningness in adolescence predicts later onset of depressive symptoms. This study investigates the structural variations associated with chronotype in early adolescence and its contribution to the development of depressive symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David Lopez Perez, Arun L. W. Bokde, Christian M. Kerskens
Summary: Aging affects brain structure and cognitive capabilities, but current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are unable to accurately reflect cognitive decline. However, MRI signals may contain information about brain activity beyond commonly used signals. A study using a zero-spin echo (ZSE) weighted MRI sequence found that signals evoked by heartbeats (HES) have properties similar to electrophysiology. Comparing different age groups, the complexity of HES was found to decrease with age, and stability and chaoticity were particularly sensitive to age. Complexity measures were related to cognitive performance, indicating the potential use of HES for understanding brain dynamics.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Saskia Therese Schirmer, Fienne-Elisa Beckmann, Hanna Gruber, Konstantin Schlaaff, Denise Scheermann, Stephanie Seidenbecher, Coraline Danielle Metzger, Claus Tempelmann, Thomas Frodl
Summary: This study compared resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood trauma (CT) history versus MDD without CT, as well as healthy controls. The results showed decreased RSFC in MDD patients compared to controls in multiple brain networks. Patients with CT history exhibited more aberrant RSFC. This suggests that CT may be a significant factor in the etiology of MDD, contributing to dysregulated neural circuits and distinct pathophysiology.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Rory Boyle, Michael Connaughton, Eimear McGlinchey, Silvin P. P. Knight, Celine De Looze, Daniel Carey, Yaakov Stern, Ian H. H. Robertson, Rose Anne Kenny, Robert Whelan
Summary: Cognitive reserve can support cognitive function despite brain pathology or atrophy. This study developed and validated a measure of cognitive reserve using task-based fMRI data and applied it to resting-state data. The findings suggest that task-based functional connectivity can be used to generate valid measures of cognitive reserve.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhipeng Cao, Renata B. Cupertino, Jonatan Ottino-Gonzalez, Alistair Murphy, Devarshi Pancholi, Anthony Juliano, Bader Chaarani, Matthew Albaugh, Dekang Yuan, Nathan Schwab, James Stafford, Anna E. Goudriaan, Kent Hutchison, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Maartje Luijten, Martine Groefsema, Reza Momenan, Lianne Schmaal, Rajita Sinha, Ruth J. van Holst, Dick J. Veltman, Reinout W. Wiers, Bernice Porjesz, Tristram Lett, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rudiger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne Winterer, Gunter Schumann, Robert Whelan, Ravi R. Bhatt, Alyssa Zhu, Patricia Conrod, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Scott Mackey, Hugh Garavan
Summary: In this study, researchers identified a shared spatial pattern of cortical thickness (CT) in normative development and several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Further analysis revealed significant spatial correspondences between this pattern and widespread lower CT observed in psychiatric disorders, as well as the spatial pattern of normative maturation and aging. Transcriptional analysis also identified a set of genes closely related to this pattern, indicating disrupted neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases emerging during adolescence.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Chavanne, Marie Laure Paillere Martinot, Jani Penttilae, Yvonne Grimmer, Patricia Conrod, Argyris Stringaris, Betteke van Noort, Corinna Isensee, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Ruediger Bruehl, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah S. Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane Froehner, Michael Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Eric Artiges
Summary: Recent studies have found MRI correlates of prospective anxiety symptoms in youth, but their predictive value is still uncertain. This study used machine-learning algorithms to predict clinical anxiety using MRI data and psychometric scores. The results showed that psychometric features were the main predictors for overall anxiety disorders, while MRI regional volumes were more valuable for predicting GAD. In conclusion, future clinical anxiety in non-anxious 14-year-old adolescents can be individually predicted using psychometric features, and including neuroanatomical data improves the prediction of GAD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Harshvardhan Gazula, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Bharath Holla, Sunitha Basodi, Zuo Zhang, Eric Verner, Ross Kelly, Pratima Murthy, Amit Chakrabarti, Debasish Basu, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya, Rajkumar Lenin Singh, Roshan Lourembam Singh, Kartik Kalyanram, Kamakshi Kartik, Kumaran Kalyanaraman, Krishnaveni Ghattu, Rebecca Kuriyan, Sunita Simon Kurpad, Gareth J. Barker, Rose Dawn Bharath, Sylvane Desrivieres, Meera Purushottam, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Eesha Sharma, Matthew Hickman, Mireille Toledano, Nilakshi Vaidya, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rudiger Bruhl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Juliane H. Frohner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne Winterer, Robert Whelan, Jessica A. Turner, Anand D. Sarwate, Sergey M. Plis, Vivek Benegal, Gunter Schumann, Vince D. Calhoun
Summary: With the growth of decentralized/federated analysis approaches in neuroimaging, the opportunities to study brain disorders using data from multiple sites has grown multi-fold. One such initiative is the Neuromark, a fully automated spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA) that is used to link brain network abnormalities among different datasets, studies, and disorders while leveraging subject-specific networks.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Stella Guldner, Anna S. Sarvasmaa, Herve Lemaitre, Jessica Massicotte, Helene Vulser, Ruben Miranda, Pauline Bezivin-Frere, Irina Filippi, Jani Penttila, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Uli Bromberg, Christian Buechel, Patricia J. Conrod, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Vincent Frouin, Juergen Gallinat, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos, Michael N. Smolka, Gunter Schumann, Eric Artiges, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Jean-Luc Martinot
Summary: Sleep is crucial for neural maturation and emotion regulation in adolescents, and can have long-term effects on white matter development and affective processing in at-risk individuals. This study examined the relationship between sleep patterns and internalizing problems in adolescents aged 14-19 years. The results showed that increased weekend sleep duration and variability in sleep duration between weekdays and weekends were associated with improved white matter development and decreased internalizing problems. These findings suggest that catch-up sleep on weekends may serve as a protective strategy against the negative effects of insufficient sleep.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Gillian Murphy, Julie Maher, Lisa Ballantyne, Elizabeth Barrett, Conor S. Cowman, Caroline A. Dawson, Charlotte Huston, Katie M. Ryan, Ciara M. Greene
Summary: Deception is often necessary in rich false memory studies, but it's important to assess its acceptability to participants. In a follow-up study, we found that participants and informants were generally positive about their experience, found the deceptive methods acceptable, and would still have participated knowing the true objectives. They also reported gaining interesting knowledge about memory and enjoying the nostalgic and family discussions prompted by the study. We encourage researchers to consider the ethical implications of false memory research and incorporate valuable participant feedback.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ciara M. Greene, Constance de Saint Laurent, Gillian Murphy, Toby Prike, Karen Hegarty, Ullrich K. H. Ecker
Summary: Misinformation can have harmful effects on cognition, leading to the formation of false beliefs and distorting memory. Researchers investigating the impacts of real-world misinformation face ethical issues regarding the consequences of exposing participants to false claims. A review of ethical practices in misinformation research found that few researchers reported details of informed consent and debriefing, and almost none assessed the effectiveness of their debriefing procedure. Based on these findings, guidelines for best practices are proposed to balance the risks and rewards in this field.
EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew D. Albaugh, James. J. Hudziak, Philip A. Spechler, Bader Chaarani, Claude Lepage, Seun Jeon, Pierre Rioux, Alan C. Evans, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Alexandra S. Potter, Hugh Garavan
Summary: This study examines the association between conduct problems and cerebral cortical development in a large longitudinal sample of adolescents. The results show an interaction between conduct problem scores and age-related cortical thinning in several brain regions. Higher levels of conduct problems are associated with accelerated age-related thinning.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jessica N. Stepanous, Luke Munford, Pamela Qualter, Frauke Nees, Rebecca Elliott, IMAGEN Consortium
Summary: The period of adolescence is characterized by the interplay between social context, brain development, and emotional symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between peer problems, family support, socioeconomic stress, emotional symptoms, amygdala volume, and vmPFC GMV in both sexes. The findings revealed that peer problems and emotional symptoms changed together over time, and there was a positive correlation between vmPFC GMV, peer problems, and emotional symptoms in males. Additionally, greater family support was associated with slower growth of amygdala volume in males. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between social, emotional, and brain development and offer potential avenues for promoting mental health.
JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE
(2023)