Article
Optics
Hongzhi Yang, Marc Brunel, Marc Vallet, Haiyang Zhang, Changming Zhao
Summary: A real-time spectral analysis method was experimentally demonstrated using a frequency-shifting loop and an electrooptic phase modulator. Different output patterns were observed depending on the type of seed laser used, with pulse doublets emitted for single-frequency lasers and frequency-to-time mapping demonstrated for polychromatic seeds with a resolution of 400 kHz. The nonlinear mapping of spectral power with temporal output was shown to align with theoretical predictions, with potential applications in integrated systems discussed.
Article
Immunology
Andrew J. Sawyer, Ellis Patrick, Jarem Edwards, James S. Wilmott, Timothy Fielder, Qianting Yang, Daniel L. Barber, Joel D. Ernst, Warwick J. Britton, Umaimainthan Palendira, Xinchun Chen, Carl G. Feng
Summary: Sawyer et al. used multiplex imaging to profile 726 individual lesions in human tuberculosis granulomas, revealing their diversity. They identified four distinct lesion types that form a histopathological superstructure around necrotic granulomas. This study provides spatial resolution at the single-cell level and shows the heterogeneity of TB granulomas in human tissues.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Frederic Klopp, Jeffrey Schenker
Summary: This paper investigates the onset lengths of localized eigenfunctions of random Schrodinger operators. By mathematical proofs, we find that most eigenfunctions localize on small size balls independent of the system size, which aligns with physicists' understanding of localization. Additionally, we provide a lower bound on the number of eigenfunctions near the edge of the spectrum, and compare the upper and lower bounds in one dimension. Finally, we present numerical results suggesting the occurrence of large onset lengths and showing an asymptotic exponential decay in the cumulative distribution of onset lengths, up to lower order terms.
COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yichen Zhong, Yan Li, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an innovative spatial mapping relationship model (SMRM) for describing track spatial geometry under subgrade disease. The flowchart and implementation process of SMRM are presented in detail by analyzing the theoretical interaction mechanism between subgrade and ballastless track. The high accuracy and applicability of SMRM method are verified based on finite element model and scale model experiment.
ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Javad Mola, Guoqing Luan, Qiuliang Huang, Christiane Ullrich, Olena Volkova, Yuri Estrin
Summary: Discontinuous plastic flow due to dynamic strain aging in a Fe-13Cr-3.4Mn-0.47C metastable stainless steel was studied, with different mechanisms proposed for different temperature intervals. The study identified deformation-induced martensitic transformation and carbon diffusion as key processes in DSA at various temperatures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Zhang, Weifeng Huo, Renbo Song, Lihui Wang, Zhiyu Geng, Jingjing Wang, Tianpeng Zhou, Han Xue
Summary: The effect of two-stage heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of TRIP steel was studied. It was found that the stability of retained austenite is the highest when the IBT time is 4 minutes. This sample achieves a perfect combination of strength and ductility.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yan-Feng Lu, Qian Yu, Jing-Wen Gao, Yi Li, Jun-Cheng Zou, Hong Qiao
Summary: In this study, we introduce a Cross Stage Partial connections-based weighted Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (CSP-BiFPN) and an enhanced spatial transformation network (ESTN) for object detection, and propose a novel real-time robust object detection model called Bi-STN-YOLO. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significant improvements compared to traditional methods and has competitive performance.
Article
Geography, Physical
Davide Festa, Manuela Bonano, Nicola Casagli, Pierluigi Confuorto, Claudio De Luca, Matteo Del Soldato, Riccardo Lanari, Ping Lu, Michele Manunta, Mariarosaria Manzo, Giovanni Onorato, Federico Raspini, Ivana Zinno, Francesco Casu
Summary: This study utilizes satellite-based multi-temporal interferometric datasets to investigate terrain changes in Italy, and classifies triggering factors, showing that landslides and subsidence events are the main causes of terrain deformation.
ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhichao Shen, Yinghui Tian, Siau Chen Chian, Zhen Yan
Summary: Transformation uncertainty is crucial in transforming measurement data to design parameters in geotechnical engineering. This paper quantifies site-specific and aleatory transformation uncertainty and investigates its consideration in estimating random field parameters using numerical simulations. Results show that considering transformation uncertainty significantly improves prediction accuracy.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Liang Zhong, Xi Guo, Meng Ding, Yingcong Ye, Qing Zhu, Jiaxin Guo, Jun Wu, Xueliang Zeng
Summary: Rapid and accurate acquisition of soil nutrient information in mountainous and hilly areas is important for precision agriculture. A continuous convolutional neural network (CNN) method was developed for the spectral inversion of soil total nitrogen (STN) content. The CNN method outperformed the multilayer perceptron (MLP) method in transforming image spectra to laboratory-measured spectra. The corrected CNN model achieved the highest inversion accuracy and provided a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of STN changes in mountainous and hilly areas.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Guosheng Fu, Stanley Osher, Wuchen Li
Summary: We design and compute first-order implicit-in-time variational schemes with high-order spatial discretization for initial value gradient flows in generalized optimal transport metric spaces. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods in two-dimensional PDEs.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kaja Pogacar, Andrej Zizek, Peter Senk
Summary: This study analyzed urban streets, identified planning parameters of shared streets, and tested the potential for transformation of city streets using mapping methods. Results showed that a combination of basic parameters and urban planning parameters can better identify potential street transformations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weigang Lu, Hao Zhu, Blake Birmingham, Nolan Craft, Jonathan Hu, Kenneth Park, Zhenrong Zhang
Summary: TiO2 has been widely studied in various fields and understanding the mechanism of the anatase-rutile phase transition (ART) process is crucial for the design and tuning of TiO2-based photocatalysts. This study monitored and studied the ART process of individual anatase micro-particles with a large percentage of (001) facets, revealing distinctive transformation pathways and the kinetics of the ART.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Brian C. Lee, Meng K. Lin, Yan Fu, Junichi Hata, Michael Miller, Partha P. Mitra
Summary: This study presents a computational approach for registering multimodal MRI and histological data sets, quantifying local scale changes during brain histological processing to create reference brain maps. The results show significant differences in scale changes between different stages of tissue processing, providing valuable insights for future neuroscience research using the marmoset model.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Nuo Xu, Gustav W. Delius, Lai Zhang, Uffe H. Thygesen, Ken H. Andersen
Summary: Size-spectrum models describe dynamics of entire communities and can be extended to include spatial components. The study found that fitness taxis may be a mechanism behind pattern formations in ecosystems with high diversity of organism sizes.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Yu-Hung Tung, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Chang-Le Chen, Chi-Yung Shang, Li-Ying Yang, Yung-Chin Hsu, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: The study revealed shared and distinct white matter tract deviations in ASD and ADHD, with potential endophenotypes found in unaffected siblings. White matter tract deviations help clarify within-diagnosis heterogeneity and high between-diagnosis co-occurrence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Pin-Yu Chen, Chang-Le Chen, Hui-Ming Tseng, Yung-Chin Hsu, Chi-Wen Christina Huang, Wing P. Chan, Wen-Yih Tseng
Summary: Research shows that word-finding ability and language-related components are affected differently by cognitive aging, with the phonological aspect of word retrieval being more influenced by white matter aging, while the semantic aspect remains relatively stable.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Yung-Chin Hsu, Te-Wei Kao
Summary: The study proposed Predicted age difference (PAD) to predict changes in Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and found significant differences in PAD among patients with different baseline CDRs, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for predicting CDR outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Guan-Jye Seng, Meng-Chuan Lai, Joshua Oon Soo Goh, Wen-Yih Issac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: The present study found alterations in parietal, temporal, and cerebellar gray matter volume in autistic youth with higher insistence on sameness. The findings suggest that insistence on sameness may be a useful feature to parse the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, yet further research investigating the underlying neurocognitive mechanism is warranted.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chang-Le Chen, Ming-Che Kuo, Pin-Yu Chen, Yu-Hung Tung, Yung-Chin Hsu, Chi-Wen Christina Huang, Wing P. Chan, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
Summary: This study found that brain age gap (BAG) can serve as a mediator linking modifiable risk factors to cognitive functioning, suggesting its potential role in the management of cognitive aging and dementia.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Huey-Ling Chiang, Li-Kuang Yang, Yu-Jen Chen, Yung-Chin Hsu, Yu-Chun Lo, Wen-Yih Issac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: This study found altered microstructural properties in white-matter tracts of adults with ADHD, mainly located within attention networks, fronto-striato-thalamocortical regions, and regions associated with attention and visual perception.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi-Ling Chien, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Yu-Hung Tung, Tzung-Jeng Hwang, Chang-Le Chen, Chi-Shin Wu, Chi-Yung Shang, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Chih-Min Liu, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia is supported by multi-level impairments shared among schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study investigates the similarities and differences in whole-brain white matter tracts integrity alterations between schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results show that these disorders have similar deviation patterns at earlier stages, and they cannot be separated using unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, the study reveals that schizophrenia, ADHD, and ASD share cognitive dimensions driven by white matter deviations.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Kai Cheng, Yu-Hsien Chiu, Ying-Chia Lin, Wei-Chi Li, Tzu-Yi Hong, Ching-Ju Yang, Chung-Heng Shih, Tzu-Chen Yeh, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Hsin-Yen Yu, Jen-Chuen Hsieh, Li-Fen Chen
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that long-term musical training can impact brain functionality and alter brain structure. This study specifically focuses on vocalists and investigates the changes in neural network architecture after long-term musical training. The results reveal that both voice and piano training can enhance connectivity among emotion-related brain regions and reshape the architecture of experience-dependent networks involved in vocal motor control, sensory feedback, and language processing. These findings suggest that long-term musical training can strengthen or modify white matter connectivity networks in an experience-dependent manner.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yung-Chin Hsua, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
Summary: This paper proposes a registration-based algorithm to correct various distortions or artifacts commonly observed in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images. The algorithm uses anatomical images and a pseudo diffusion MRI data for registration, and estimates the models of artifacts simultaneously. The evaluation shows that the method accurately estimates model parameters and effectively reduces artifacts. This method is beneficial for most dMRI data, especially those acquired without additional field maps or reverse phase-encoding images.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Yi-Ling Chien, Yu-Jen Chen, Wan-Ling Tseng, Yung-Chin Hsu, Chi-Shin Wu, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: This study examines the differences in white matter microstructural properties between autistic individuals and their non-autistic siblings. The findings suggest that there are similar microstructural properties in certain neural segments between autistic individuals and their siblings, indicating potential intermediate phenotypes of autism. The study also highlights the compensatory processes in unaffected siblings, which may be related to genetic predisposition for autism.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao-Ting Chang, Rui-Wen Liu, Fang-Yuh Hsu, Ching-Han Hsu, Yu-Ying Lin
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the uterine dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) of Taiwanese pregnant women, in order to estimate the possible uterine dose (usually regarded as fetal dose) of pregnant Taiwanese women during radiation practice or medical exposures. The results showed that if the ORNL phantoms are used to evaluate the uterine dose of Taiwanese pregnant women, the uterine dose may be underestimated. This study provides the uterine DCCs assessed with the Taiwanese pregnancy phantoms for future dose assessment of Taiwanese.
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Huey-Ling Chiang, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Wan-Ling Tseng, Yu-Hung Tung, Yung-Chin Hsu, Chang-Le Chen, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: In cross-sectional studies, white matter microstructure alterations are observed in children with ADHD, but not as prominent in adults with ADHD compared to typically-developing controls. Limited longitudinal imaging studies have made the developmental trajectories of white matter microstructures in ADHD unclear. This study used diffusion spectrum imaging to examine the longitudinal changes in white matter tracts in ADHD and found that participants with ADHD showed more rapid development in certain tracts. Furthermore, more rapid development in specific tracts was associated with slower decreases in inattention symptoms and greater improvement in attention performance.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chia-Hao Chang, Hsiang-Ning Wu, Ching-Han Hsu, Hsin-Hon Lin
Summary: This study aims to synthesize virtual monochromatic images for metal artifact reduction (MAR) in CT images using projection-based material decomposition algorithms. The results showed that the projection-based virtual monochromatic CT images provide better image quality than conventional MAR images.
Article
Neuroimaging
Chang-Le Chen, Tzung-Jeng Hwang, Yu-Hung Tung, Li-Ying Yang, Yung-Chin Hsu, Chih-Min Liu, Yi-Tin Lin, Ming-Hsien Hsieh, Chen-Chung Liu, Yi-Ling Chien, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
Summary: Conceptualizing mental disorders as deviations from normative functioning provides a statistical perspective for understanding individual heterogeneity. This study introduces a novel brain age metric based on imaging-derived brain age paradigm combined with normative modeling to investigate advanced brain aging in schizophrenia. The results demonstrate that normative brain age metrics can detect advanced brain aging and associated clinical and neuroanatomical features in schizophrenia.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Chang-Le Chen, Ming-Che Kuo, Wen-Chau Wu, Yung-Chin Hsu, Ruey-Meei Wu, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
Summary: This study used neuroimaging and deep learning to differentiate between multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) based on brain age differences. The results showed significant differences in brain age between MSA and PD, indicating distinct neuroanatomical contributions to brain aging.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.