Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Paolo Toccaceli
Summary: This paper provides an introduction to Conformal Predictors (CP), a machine learning method that produces predictions with a chosen error rate. CPs have the property of validity, which is supported by both asymptotic and finite-sample probabilistic guarantees. They differ from conventional prediction methods by introducing set-valued predictions. CPs do not require assumptions such as priors and are applicable in a wide range of domains. The CP framework is universal and can be applied on top of any machine learning method. The paper also discusses efficient variants of CPs and their applications in imbalanced data sets, as well as provides a survey of the field with relevant references.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lipeng Ning, Yogesh Rathi, Tracy Barbour, Nikos Makris, Joan A. Camprodon
Summary: This study utilized novel dMRI analysis to investigate microstructural changes related to rTMS treatment response in 21 MDD patients, finding that rTMS significantly affected the white matter microstructure in the anterior-medial prefrontal fiber bundles, while changes in lateral prefrontal tracts were correlated with treatment response. Further research with larger datasets is needed to fully understand the impact of rTMS on structural connectivity in MDD patients.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Erika F. H. Saunders, Dahlia Mukherjee, Daniel A. Waschbusch, Duanping Liao, Amanda M. Pearl, Errol Aksu, Edward O. Bixler
Summary: The use of structured interviews helped physicians identify major depressive disorder by the second visit in patients with complex psychopathology. Patients with high complexity/severity of symptoms and more difficulty with functioning were less commonly identified with bipolar disorder even with the assistance of a structured interview.Structured assessment tools may improve the detection of psychiatric illness by clinicians at the first visit.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Liliana Montella, Mariella Cuomo, Nunzio Del Gaudio, Michela Buonaiuto, Davide Costabile, Roberta Visconti, Teodolinda Di Risi, Roberta Vinciguerra, Federica Trio, Sara Ferraro, Guglielmo Bove, Gaetano Facchini, Lucia Altucci, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Rosa Della Monica
Summary: This article reviews the druggable epigenetic features of glioblastomas and discusses the corresponding targeted therapies and their potential efficacy. It emphasizes the recent technological improvements that allow routine investigation of many glioblastoma epigenetic biomarkers in clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karolina Hanusek, Slawomir Poletajew, Piotr Kryst, Agnieszka Piekielko-Witkowska, Joanna Boguslawska
Summary: piRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate transposon and gene expression through mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and mRNA degradation. Recent studies suggest that piRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection and therapeutic interventions, playing a role in the progression of prostate cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Grewal, Christa Buechler
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for worsened disease outcomes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to metabolic complications, systemic inflammation, and compromised immune function. Identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers for obese COVID-19 patients has become a focus of research, including the analysis of adipokines. Galectin-3 and resistin levels have been identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Can Yue, Siting Xie, Jiaying Zhong, Haijun Zhao, Zhijuan Lin, Li Zhang, Bing Xu, Yiming Luo
Summary: The study found that SCAMP2/4/5 may serve as potential prognostic markers for AML, and SCAMP2 and SCAMP5 individually or in combination may be utilized as diagnostic markers for AML.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kasper Katisko, Antti Cajanus, Nadine Huber, Olli Jaaskelainen, Tarja Kokkola, Virve Karkkainen, Hannah Rostalski, Paivi Hartikainen, Anne M. Koivisto, Sanna Hannonen, Juha-Matti Lehtola, Ville E. Korhonen, Seppo Helisalmi, Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Anne M. Remes, Eino Solje, Annakaisa Haapasalo
Summary: This study suggests that GFAP in blood can differentiate between FTLD and PPD patients, predicting shorter survival and more severe brain atrophy in FTLD patients. The levels of sGFAP and bGFAP were elevated in FTLD group compared to PPD or control groups, showing strong correlation and diagnostic potential for differentiating FTLD and PPD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hao Liang, Mingxing Xu, Zhiyong Xiong, Kunpeng Hu, Jiarui Yang, Mingbo Cao, Zhaozhong Zhong, Zhicheng Yao, Meihai Deng, Bo Liu
Summary: Analyzing micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) profiling datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSet, this study identified three differential miRNAs as valuable markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with hsa-let-7e showing potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Experimental data revealed that upregulated let-7e promoted tumor cell growth and potentially controlled cancer cell proliferation through regulating mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Cyril Dourthe, Celine Julien, Sylvaine Di Tommaso, Jean-William Dupuy, Nathalie Dugot-Senant, Alexandre Brochard, Brigitte Le Bail, Jean-Frederic Blanc, Laurence Chiche, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Frederic Saltel, Anne-Aurelie Raymond
Summary: The study investigates the proteomic profiles of HCA to classify, diagnose and assess prognosis of tumors, providing valuable insights for complex cases where traditional methods may have limitations. The identification of proteomic profiles directly evaluating malignant transformation risk regardless of HCA subtype can potentially improve patient management and clinical outcomes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sutapa Ray, Nagendra K. Chaturvedi, Kishor K. Bhakat, Angie Rizzino, Sidharth Mahapatra
Summary: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients. Tumors can be divided into average and high-risk status based on age, metastasis at diagnosis, and extent of surgical resection. High-throughput screening has allowed for the identification of four primary subgroups, each with further subdivisions based on cytogenetic and epigenetic events. Exploiting these genetic aberrations may lead to novel targeted therapeutics.
Article
Immunology
Paola Del Bianco, Laura Pinton, Sara Magri, Stefania Cane, Elena Masetto, Daniela Basso, Marta Padovan, Francesco Volpin, Domenico d'Avella, Giuseppe Lombardi, Vittorina Zagonel, Vincenzo Bronte, Alessandro Della Puppa, Susanna Mandruzzato
Summary: This study highlights the role of systemic immune suppression carried out by myeloid cells in gliomas and identifies biomarkers associated with the immune landscape, diagnosis, and outcome of glioblastoma patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ming Tu, Ling Ye, ShaoBo Hu, Wei Wang, Penglei Zhu, XiangHe Lu, WeiMing Zheng
Summary: The study identified 698 glioma-specific expressed genes and highlighted the potential roles of certain genes in glioma prognosis. Functional analyses showed that knockdown of GNAO1 promoted glioma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. This study provides novel biomarkers for gliomas.
CURRENT BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Joanna Motyka, Aleksandra Kicman, Monika Kulesza, Slawomir Lawicki
Summary: Currently, there is a constant search for tumor markers that can improve breast cancer diagnostics, especially in the early stages. Among the potential markers, chemokines have been found to be closely implicated in tumorigenesis and scientists have evaluated their usefulness in breast cancer diagnosis. This study summarizes the reports on the expression and peripheral blood concentration of ELR-positive CXC chemokines as potential markers and prognostic factors for breast cancer.
Article
Oncology
Hong Yang, Wan LI, Liwen Ren, Yihu Yang, Yizhi Zhang, Binbin Ge, Sha LI, Xiangjin Zheng, Jinyi Liu, Sen Zhang, Guanhua DU, Bo Tang, Hongquan Wang, Jinhua Wang
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with low survival rates and high recurrence rates, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Early diagnosis is crucial for guiding personalized treatment, and although CA199 is FDA-approved, it has limited effectiveness. Recent advancements in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other technologies have allowed for rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers, with liquid biopsy being particularly advantageous. This review systematically describes and evaluates potential biomarkers for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Courtney North, Mary H. Heatley, Nattawan Utoomprurkporn, Doris Eva Bamiou, Sergi G. Costafreda, Joshua Stott
Summary: The study developed a hearing-impaired version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (HI-ACE-III) and found that it can accurately distinguish people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The HI-ACE-III showed good reliability, validity, and screening utility for older adults with hearing impairments.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nattawan Utoomprurkporn, Joshua Stott, Sergi G. Costafreda, Courtney North, Mary Heatley, Doris Eva Bamiou
Summary: A modified Montreal Cognitive Assessment for hearing-aid users (MoCA-HA) was validated in this study, showing potential for early identification of cognitive issues in older adult hearing-aid users.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Belinda Wang, Rebecca L. Gould, Pavithra Kumar, Liam Pikett, Benjamin Thompson, Sergi Costafreda Gonzalez, Doris-Eva Bamiou
Summary: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the use of third-wave psychological therapies for improving psychological well-being in individuals with audiological problems. While some studies suggest that ACT and MBIs may be beneficial in addressing hearing-related distress in individuals with tinnitus in the short term, caution should be taken due to limited research quality and sample sizes. More high-quality, adequately powered, double-blind RCTs are needed to draw definitive conclusions and provide meaningful clinical recommendations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nattawan Utoomprurkporn, Joshua Stott, Sergi Costafreda, Doris-Eva Bamiou
Summary: This study assessed visuospatial abilities in older adult hearing aid users and found suggestive evidence for positive effects of age-related hearing loss on visuospatial cognitive ability.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Rachel D. Woodham, Rachael M. Rimmer, Allan H. Young, Cynthia H. Y. Fu
Summary: This study developed a home-based tDCS protocol with real-time supervision and found significant clinical improvements in depressive symptoms, high acceptability, and long-term maintenance of these effects.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Gill Livingston, Sergi G. Costafreda
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucy A. Webster, Sergi G. Costafreda, Julie A. Barber, Simon D. Kyle, Gill Livingston
Summary: This study investigates the incidence and importance of sleep disturbances in people with dementia living in care homes. The findings indicate that approximately one-third of residents develop sleep disturbances over one year, which are associated with lower quality of life and frequent use of sleep medication.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS
(2022)
Correction
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christian Myrstad, Bo Lars Engdahl, Gill Livingston, Sergi Costafreda, Bjorn Heine Strand, Geir Selbaek
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nattawan Utoomprurkporn, Joshua Stott, Sergi Gonzalez Costafreda, Doris Eva Bamiou
Summary: The correlation between self-reported hearing difficulties and cognitive impairment was found to be significant in the study, indicating that cognitive status may influence how individuals perceive and report hearing abilities. Therefore, subjective hearing questionnaires in combination with objective hearing tests may provide a more comprehensive assessment of hearing abilities in individuals with cognitive impairment.
Review
Psychiatry
Rachel Woodham, Rachael M. Rimmer, Julian Mutz, Cynthia H. Y. Fu
Summary: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an innovative treatment option for major depression, showing significant clinical effects by modulating cortical excitability. It has the most prominent effects in first episode and recurrent major depression, with minimal effects in treatment-resistant depression, possibly mediated by neuroplasticity mechanisms and changes in neural connectivity.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.