Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Aleya Flechsenhar, Seth Levine, Katja Bertsch
Summary: This study found that under threat conditions, there are differences in perceiving emotional facial expressions, with slower response times and lower accuracy. There is also a more negative perception of neutral and positive information. Eye movements are initiated later and there are more frequent fixation changes and shorter dwell times under threat.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wanze Xie, Jukka M. Leppanen, Finola E. Kane-Grade, Charles A. Nelson
Summary: This study found that children at the age of 3 show enhanced neural and behavioral responses to angry and fearful facial expressions, with no apparent differentiation or bias towards either expression. Additionally, early-stage neural response data reliably predicts the duration of children's attention towards threat-related faces at 3 years. However, there was minimal correlation between threat-bias attention in infancy and at the age of 3.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Kenn L. Dela Cruz, Caroline M. Kelsey, Xin Tong, Tobias Grossmann
Summary: The current longitudinal study examined maternal facial emotion recognition and infant affect-based attention using eye-tracking at different ages. The results showed consistent maternal responses to angry facial expressions, indicating a trait-like response to social threat among mothers. However, neither maternal responses to happy or fearful facial expressions nor infants' responses to all three facial emotions showed such consistency, suggesting the changeable nature of facial emotion processing, especially in infants. The study also found dynamic changes in infants' attention to negative emotions and limited evidence for developmental continuity in processing negative emotions and the bidirectional interplay of infant affect-biased attention and maternal facial emotion recognition.
INFANT BEHAVIOR & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sade J. Abiodun, Joanna M. Salerno, Galen A. Mcallister, Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin, Kendra L. Seaman
Summary: This study investigated age-related differences in evoked responses to dynamic facial expressions. The results showed that older adults rated positive facial expressions (happy) more positively and negative facial expressions (angry and sad) more negatively than younger adults in terms of valence. However, there was no significant difference in arousal to negative expressions between older and younger adults. Overall, the findings suggest that older adults may be more sensitive to variations in dynamic facial expressions, particularly in terms of valence estimates.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Diane Baier, Marleen Kempkes, Thomas Ditye, Ulrich Ansorge
Summary: Two experiments showed that fearful facial expressions do not capture attention in an awareness-independent way, whether as cues or targets.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Suzanne L. Macari, Angelina Vernetti, Katarzyna Chawarska
Summary: Differential emotional reactivity to social and nonsocial threats was examined in toddlers with ASD and typically developing toddlers. Toddlers with ASD showed elevated distress but lower attention to social threats, while they exhibited lower distress in response to nonsocial and ambiguous threats. The study suggests that early atypical emotional reactivity may independently contribute to shaping complex autism phenotypes.
Article
Neurosciences
M. Justin Kim, Annchen R. Knodt, Ahmad R. Hariri
Summary: Meta-analysis of fMRI data is an effective method for capturing distributed brain activity patterns in cognitive and affective processes. By comparing meta-analysis maps (MAMs) with individual contrast maps (ICMs) from task fMRI data, researchers found that fear and anger ICMs exhibited the greatest pattern similarity to fear MAMs.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Julia Folz, Tom S. Roth, Milica Nikolic, Mariska E. Kret
Summary: This study examined attentional biases towards different emotional expressions and found no consistent links between these biases and social anxiety or autistic traits. Only an exploratory Bayesian analysis suggested a weaker bias towards happy facial expressions in individuals with higher autistic trait levels. Furthermore, the attentional bias towards angry facial expressions appeared to be influenced by an interplay between both trait dimensions. Novel approaches in assessing attentional biases may provide a more valid description of disorder-specific biases in attention to emotions.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Social
Zachary Witkower, Jessica L. Tracy, Anthea Pun, Andrew S. Baron
Summary: Previous research shows that children can recognize facial expressions and static bodily expressions of negative emotions at a young age, with bodily expressions of sadness being identified as early as age 3, fear around ages 4-5, and anger between ages 6-8. Recognition of these expressions increases with age, indicating that children can reliably identify distinct negative emotions from bodily expressions, varying by age and emotion type.
JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tom Zalmenson, Omer Azriel, Yair Bar-Haim
Summary: This study investigates the role of attention in memory for disgusting facial expressions. Contrary to previous beliefs, attention was found to have a limited role in the memory advantage of these expressions. Disgusted faces were better remembered than neutral faces, indicating that attention is not crucial for facial expression memory.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celso M. de Melo, Kazunori Terada, Francisco C. Santos
Summary: The experimental analysis reveals how emotion expressions interact with direct and indirect reciprocity mechanisms to shape individual choices and foster cooperation, highlighting the significance of emotions in promoting societal cooperation.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joshua W. Maxwell, Michael Joseph, Eric Ruthruff
Summary: Facial expressions of emotion are identified automatically when sufficiently unambiguous, bypassing the central attentional bottleneck. This was demonstrated through experiments using the backward correspondence effect (BCE) and studying the processing of different types of facial stimuli.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Laura Sagliano, Massimiliano Conson, Gennaro Saporito, Antonio Carolei, Simona Sacco, Francesca Pistoia
Summary: This study found that earthquake victims tend to avoid fearful and happy facial expressions, with this avoidance being negatively correlated with anxiety-related cognitive concerns. The results suggest that attentional avoidance of emotional faces persists among earthquake victims years after the traumatic event.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Catia Correia-Caeiro, Kun Guo, Daniel Mills
Summary: Dogs and humans have species-specific differences in emotion perception, with dogs focusing more on the body while humans focus more on the head when viewing emotional expressions. Both species also show a clear age effect, with reduced head gaze as they age. These findings have important implications for managing interactions between humans and dogs.
Article
Psychology
Daniel N. Albohn, Joseph C. Brandenburg, Kestutis Kveraga, Reginald B. Adams
Summary: Decades of research have shown that contextual information from the body, visual scene, and voices can help in judging facial expressions of emotion. However, most studies have suggested that bodily expressions provide context for interpreting facial expressions, but not the other way around. This research aimed to investigate when mutual processing of facial and bodily displays of emotion can enhance or interfere with emotion recognition. Two studies found strong evidence for integration effects, but not interference. Integration effects were most pronounced when the emotional clarity of facial and bodily expressions was low, indicating that when more information is needed in one channel, the other channel is recruited. This low-level visual integration occurs even with briefly presented, backward-masked stimuli.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Julien Vezoli, Loic Magrou, Rainer Goebel, Xiao-Jing Wang, Kenneth Knoblauch, Martin Vinck, Henry Kennedy
Summary: The article discusses the hierarchical organization and function of the cortex, highlighting a principle of hierarchical distance within the cortex. It also explores the anatomical structure, functional hierarchy, and frequency-dependent Granger causality of inter-areal connectivity. Through statistical modeling and dynamical models, it reveals the complex structure and signal transmission mechanism of the cortex.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Assunta Ciarlo, Andrea G. Russo, Sara Ponticorvo, Francesco di Salle, Michael Luhrs, Rainer Goebel, Fabrizio Esposito
Summary: This study assessed the performance of semantic rt-fMRI-NF in multiple subjects and sessions, showing that subjects can successfully modulate and maintain a target mental state when guided by rt-RSA derived feedback.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Katrin Amunts, Javier DeFelipe, Cyriel Pennartz, Alain Destexhe, Michele Migliore, Philippe Ryvlin, Steve Furber, Alois Knoll, Lise Bitsch, Jan G. Bjaalie, Yannis Ioannidis, Thomas Lippert, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, Rainer Goebel, Viktor Jirsa
Summary: Understanding the human brain is a Grand Challenge for 21st century research. Computational approaches and dynamic generative multiscale models are instrumental for linking brain structure and function. The intersection of neuroscience, computing, and robotics has the potential to advance neuro-inspired technologies. To facilitate research sharing and collaboration, the Human Brain Project has launched the digital neuroscience research infrastructure EBRAINS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zeena Britt Sanders, Melanie K. Fleming, Tom Smejka, Marilien C. Marzolla, Catharina Zich, Sebastian W. Rieger, Michael Luhrs, Rainer Goebel, Cassandra Sampaio-Baptista, Heidi Johansen-Berg
Summary: Chronic stroke survivors can use real-time fMRI neurofeedback to self-regulate motor cortex activity, leading to improvements in gross motor performance of the affected limb and structural brain changes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mishal Qubad, Catherine Barnes-Scheufler, Michael Schaum, Eva Raspor, Lara Rosler, Benjamin Peters, Carmen Schiweck, Rainer Goebel, Andreas Reif, Robert A. Bittner
Summary: The use of localizer paradigms to define regions of interest (ROIs) is important in studying the visual system with fMRI. However, the interindividual variability of the cerebral cortex poses challenges for group-level analyses. Cortex-based alignment (CBA) techniques have been shown to reduce this variability and improve statistical power. In this study, CBA was evaluated for visual field localizer paradigms, and the results confirmed its utility for studying the visual system in group analyses. CBA is particularly relevant for studying neuropsychiatric disorders with increased interindividual macroanatomical variability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Omer Faruk Gulban, Saskia Bollmann, Laurentius (Renzo) Huber, Konrad Wagstyl, Rainer Goebel, Benedikt A. Poser, Kendrick Kay, Dimo Ivanov
Summary: This study provides a dataset of measured T 2* values in the living human brain using 7 Tesla MRI at a mesoscopic scale. The dataset includes visualizations that reveal fine-scale cortical substructures and demonstrates consistent T * 2 values across subjects. This dataset is important for anatomical investigations of the human brain and improving our understanding of the T 2*-weighted (f)MRI signal.
Article
Neurosciences
Alessandra Pizzuti, Laurentius (Renzo) Huber, Omer Faruk Gulban, Amaia Benitez-Andonegui, Judith Peters, Rainer Goebel
Summary: Researchers have used ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the microscopic features of direction-selective neurons in the motion sensitive area of the human brain. They have found that blood volume-sensitive fMRI can be used to detect the columnar organization of this brain area at a larger scale. This study provides new insights and possibilities for understanding the mesoscopic functional organization of the human brain.
Review
Neurosciences
Ke Jia, Rainer Goebel, Zoe Kourtzi
Summary: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has limitations in temporal and spatial resolution. Recent advances in ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI provide a submillimeter resolution tool to study laminar and columnar circuits and map small subcortical areas. UHF fMRI offers unprecedented spatial resolution and improves our understanding of the brain's organization and visual cognition.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VISION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Cynthia Van de Wauw, Lars Riecke, Rainer Goebel, Amanda Kaas, Bettina Sorger
Summary: In brain-based communication, modulated brain signals are used to interact with the outside world, providing an alternative option for paralyzed patients. Most communication brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms require intact visual capabilities and impose a high cognitive load, but a better-suited, less demanding approach may use auditorily-cued selective somatosensory attention to tactile stimulation.
Article
Neurosciences
Sebastian Dresbach, Laurentius (Renzo) Huber, Omer Faruk Gulban, Rainer Goebel
Summary: Layers and columns are the dominant processing units in the human cortex, and the blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) signal is biased towards unwanted signals from large veins. This study shows that the vascular space occupancy (VASO) contrast can enhance the interpretability of layer-fMRI results by capturing complementary information of locally specific changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) without the unwanted sensitivity amplifications of large veins. The study also develops a VASO acquisition procedure with short acquisition time and high spatial resolution, demonstrating the ability to capture layer-specific hemodynamic responses with high spatio-temporal resolution.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ruben Andreas Bressler, Sophie Raible, Michael Luehrs, Ralph Tier, Rainer Goebel, David E. Linden
Summary: The study focused on training Dutch police recruits in the Special Forces using real-time fMRI neurofeedback to regulate their emotions in high-stress situations. The training resulted in successful downregulation of brain activity, but no significant differences were found between the neurofeedback group and the control group in behavioral tasks.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dimo Ivanov, Federico De Martino, Elia Formisano, Francisco J. Fritz, Rainer Goebel, Laurentius Huber, Sriranga Kashyap, Valentin G. Kemper, Denizhan Kurban, Alard Roebroeck, Shubharthi Sengupta, Bettina Sorger, Desmond H. Y. Tse, Kamil Uludag, Christopher J. Wiggins, Benedikt A. Poser
Summary: This article reviews the 9.4 T work done in Maastricht, including functional and anatomical imaging experiments. By utilizing specific techniques and optimized coils, the researchers were able to obtain high-quality imaging results and highlight the technical challenges and practical issues associated with ultra-high field MRI.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Steve Bates, Serge O. Dumoulin, Paul J. M. Folkers, Elia Formisano, Rainer Goebel, Aidin Haghnejad, Rick C. Helmich, Dennis Klomp, Anja G. van der Kolk, Yi Li, Aart Nederveen, David G. Norris, Natalia Petridou, Stefan Roell, Tom W. J. Scheenen, Menno M. Schoonheim, Ingmar Voogt, Andrew Webb
Summary: We propose a vision for a 14 Tesla MR system, which includes a novel whole-body magnet design using high temperature superconductor, a console and associated electronic equipment, an optimized radiofrequency coil setup for proton measurement in the brain, and a high-performance gradient set. This system has significant applications in neuroscience and medical research, allowing for fine-grained observation of neural activity and structural abnormalities.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Rainer Goebel, Rick van Hoof, Salil Bhat, Michael Luhrs, Mario Senden
Summary: This study presents a proof-of-concept research using a 7 Tesla fMRI to decode imagined letter shapes in the first letter speller BCI. New tools were developed to enable real-time retinotopic mapping for encoding and decoding. The results showed that the classification performance of generated activity patterns during imagery reached 80% accuracy in each individual using two different letter shapes.
10TH INTERNATIONAL WINTER CONFERENCE ON BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI2022)
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.
