Article
Neurosciences
Yi Wang, Jialu Li, Lingjing Zeng, Haiteng Wang, Tianyi Yang, Yongcong Shao, Xiechuan Weng
Summary: This study found that the activity of the default mode network (DMN) in the resting-state is regulated by eye states, which may relate to mood and emotional perception.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Mazaheri, David A. Seminowicz, Andrew J. Furman
Summary: Valentini et al. found that participants' peak alpha frequency (PAF) became slower after exposure to painful and unpleasant stimuli. This challenges previous research suggesting that resting PAF can serve as a reliable biomarker for measuring pain sensitivity. However, there are concerns about Valentini et al.'s assumptions and methodology, as well as their misrepresentation of previous work.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pawel Krukow, Kamil Jonak
Summary: When performing cognitive tasks, people often experience mind wandering, which involves temporary distractions or personal associations that interfere with their stream of consciousness. This study aimed to identify the neural basis for individual differences in mind wandering. The results showed that individuals who tend to mind wander frequently exhibited decreased synchronization within the default mode network, and increased connectivity between task-related networks of different functional specificity. These findings suggest that mind wanderers have atypical organization of resting-state brain activity, which may lead to reduced resources for maintaining attentional control in task-related conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cosmin-Andrei Serban, Andrei Barborica, Adina-Maria Roceanu, Ioana Mindruta, Jan Ciurea, Alexandru C. Paslaru, Ana-Maria Zagrean, Leon Zagrean, Mihai Moldovan
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impairment of default mode network (DMN) reactivity in stroke patients with impaired consciousness using routine EEG recordings. The findings revealed DMN impairment in coma patients following an acute stroke, and the method used in this study could effectively detect it. This discovery is significant for monitoring DMN function at bedside.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Elizabeth G. Smith, Ernest V. Pedapati, Rui Liu, Lauren M. Schmitt, Kelli C. Dominick, Rebecca C. Shaffer, John A. Sweeney, Craig A. Erickson
Summary: The study found that while alterations in theta and low beta power in FXS were similar between males and females, relative power varied by sex in the alpha, upper beta, gamma, and epsilon frequency bands. Additionally, Individual Alpha Peak Frequency (IAPF), which may capture atypicalities in neurodevelopmental disorders across the theta and alpha ranges, also varied by sex. Furthermore, performance on an auditory filtering task correlated with theta power in males, but not females with FXS.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Linghan Kong, Suhao Qiu, Yu Chen, Zhao He, Peiyu Huang, Qiang He, Ru-Yuan Zhang, Xi-Qiao Feng, Linhong Deng, Yao Li, Fuhua Yan, Guang-Zhong Yang, Yuan Feng
Summary: In this study, a custom-built head-worn electromagnetic actuator was used to accurately apply vibration to the brain inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Results showed that brain regions experienced reduced blood flow with increasing vibration frequency, particularly within the default mode network.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Adele E. Cave, Robert J. Barry
Summary: This study explored the differences in resting EEG between young adult females and males, revealing significant differences in neuronal activity across various bands between the two genders. Females showed greater amplitudes in certain frequency bands, and exhibited different patterns of reactivity between eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Christine A. Leonards, Ben J. Harrison, Alec J. Jamieson, Trevor Steward, Silke Lux, Alexandra Philipsen, Christopher G. Davey
Summary: The brain's default mode network (DMN) is suppressed during external goal-directed cognitive tasks. However, the DMN is not a monolithic network but consists of subsystems with functional heterogeneity. This study found a distinct suppression subnetwork in multiple cognitive tasks, which includes traditional DMN and adjacent regions. The magnitude of suppression in these regions is significantly correlated across tasks within individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sharif Kronemer, Mark Aksen, Julia Z. Ding, Jun Hwan Ryu, Qilong Xin, Zhaoxiong Ding, Jacob S. Prince, Hunki Kwon, Aya Khalaf, Sarit Forman, David S. Jin, Kevin Wang, Kaylie Chen, Claire Hu, Akshar Agarwal, Erik Saberski, Syed Mohammad Adil Wafa, Owen P. Morgan, Jia Wu, Kate L. Christison-Lagay, Nicholas Hasulak, Martha Morrell, Alexandra Urban, R. Todd Constable, Michael Pitts, R. Mark Richardson, Michael J. Crowley, Hal Blumenfeld
Summary: This study identified large-scale cortical-subcortical networks associated with conscious visual perception. The results demonstrate that the neurophysiology of consciousness is complex, involving multiple cortical and subcortical networks overlapping in space and time.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Katherine M. Lloyd, Timothy P. Morris, Sheeba Anteraper, Michelle Voss, Alfonso Nieto-Castanon, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Jason Fanning, Neha Gothe, Elizabeth A. Salerno, Kirk I. Erickson, Charles H. Hillman, Edward Mcauley, Arthur F. Kramer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on functional brain connectivity and cognitive performance during an exercise intervention. The results showed a positive correlation between pre-intervention CRF and changes in functional connectivity as well as improved cognitive performance post-intervention. These findings suggest that even subtle individual differences in CRF may influence the relationship between functional connectivity and cognition following an exercise intervention.
Article
Biology
Qinlin Yu, Minhui Ouyang, John Detre, Huiying Kang, Di Hu, Bo Hong, Fang Fang, Yun Peng, Hao Huang
Summary: Human infancy is characterized by rapid increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the emergence of the default-mode network (DMN). This study used advanced multi-modal MRI techniques to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in infant rCBF and the coupling between physiology and functional networks. The results showed that the DMN exhibited faster rCBF increases compared to visual and sensorimotor networks. Additionally, there was a strong coupling between rCBF and network strength specifically in the DMN, indicating increased local blood flow to support DMN maturation. These findings provide insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying the emergence of functional brain networks and have important implications for understanding altered network maturation in brain disorders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yue Yang, Hua Yang, Chunmei Yu, Fang Ni, Tao Yu, Rong Luo
Summary: The functional connectivity and topological properties of the default mode network (DMN) in Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients were disrupted, and abnormal DMN topological property alterations might affect the severity of tics in TS patients. The abnormal topological properties of the DMN in TS patients may be due to abnormal functional connectivity alterations. These findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanism of TS patients.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Romina Esposito, Marta Bortoletto, Domenico Zaca, Paolo Avesani, Carlo Miniussi
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between brain anatomy and functional connections by examining the default mode network (DMN) using an integrative approach. The results showed that the activation of distant secondary nodes after target stimulation could be predicted based on the target's anatomical connections.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Morten L. Kringelbach, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Gustavo Deco
Summary: Using a large-scale neuroimaging dataset, this study investigates the hierarchical reorganization of the brain's functional activity during naturalistic movie-watching compared to cognitive tasks and resting. The findings show that the hierarchy is flatter and the non-reversibility is smaller during movie-watching. The underlying mechanisms are revealed by a model-based generative effective connectivity (GEC). Overall, this study demonstrates the benefits of using naturalistic neuroscience in understanding brain function.
Article
Biology
Mingkan Shen, Peng Wen, Bo Song, Yan Li
Summary: This paper investigates the identification of schizophrenia (ScZ) EEG signals using dynamic functional connectivity analysis and deep learning methods. Features in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) of each subject are extracted using a time-frequency domain functional connectivity analysis through a cross mutual information algorithm. A 3D convolutional neural network is applied to classify ScZ subjects and health control (HC) subjects. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 97.74 +/- 1.15%, sensitivity of 96.91 +/- 2.76%, and specificity of 98.53 +/- 1.97% on the LMSU public ScZ EEG dataset. Additionally, significant differences in the default mode network region and connectivity between the temporal lobe and posterior temporal lobe are found between ScZ and HC subjects.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.