Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Atsushi Nakajima, Sonoko Ishizaki, Kazuki Matsuda, Shinsuke Kurosu, Shinya Taniguchi, Per-Goran Gillberg, Jan P. Mattsson, Tomoko Hasunuma, Michael Camilleri
Summary: Elobixibat treatment increases fecal bile acid excretion and reduces serum bile acid concentrations, improving constipation symptoms.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Anna Ozaki, Takaomi Kessoku, Yuki Kasai, Yuma Takeda, Naoki Okubo, Michihiro Iwaki, Takashi Kobayashi, Tsutomu Yoshihara, Yasushi Honda, Akiko Fuyuki, Takuma Higurashi, Hiroto Ishiki, Masataka Taguri, Shunsuke Oyamada, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Atsushi Nakajima, Yasushi Ichikawa
Summary: The study examined the effectiveness of elobixibat in cancer patients with chronic constipation, showing it to be safe and effective regardless of food intake amount.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Francesca Falangone, Davide Montanari, Federica Capuani, Giada Mastel, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea, but its prevalence is not well studied. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) occurs due to dysregulation of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids. The gold standard for diagnosing and assessing the severity of BAD is currently the selenium homotaurocholic acid test, but other serum markers are being validated for clinical use. The first-line treatment for BAD is bile acid sequestrants, but further diagnostics are needed for patients who do not respond to this treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis of BAD can improve patients' quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. More research is needed to explore alternative therapeutic approaches for BAD, such as gut microbiota modulating therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Wenyu Luo, Shiqi Guo, Yang Zhou, Junfeng Zhu, Jingwen Zhao, Mengyao Wang, Lixuan Sang, Bingyuan Wang, Bing Chang
Summary: Bile acids play an important role in cholesterol metabolism and are involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by recognizing receptors and mediating downstream pathways. Certain bile acids can delay liver injury and HCC progression. This review introduces the structure, function, metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, summarizes the mechanisms by which they contribute to HCC development, and suggests possible strategies for HCC treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
YuKun Wang, Jing Li, Li Wu, XueMei Qin, Cen Xie, XiaoXia Gao
Summary: Radix Bupleuri and its saikosaponins component have hepatoprotective and cholagogic effects. This study investigated the mechanism of saikosaponins in promoting bile excretion, focusing on the synthesis, transport, excretion, and metabolism of bile acids. The results showed that saikosaponins regulated bile acid levels by affecting genes involved in bile acid synthesis, transport, and excretion. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed the characteristics of rapid elimination and absorption of saikosaponins. Molecular docking analysis indicated that saikosaponins interacted well with FXR-related proteins. Therefore, saikosaponins may maintain bile acid homeostasis by regulating FXR-related genes and transporters.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Atsushi Nakajima, Mio Fujimaki, Yuki Arai, Kento Emori
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Elobixibat in elderly patients with chronic constipation. The results showed that Elobixibat was well-tolerated and efficacious in the patients, and could be administered before meals.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stefania Costa, Serena Gattoni, Maria Luisa Nicolardi, Martina Costetti, Stiliano Maimaris, Annalisa Schiepatti, Federico Biagi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bile acid diarrhea in patients with chronic diarrhea at an Outpatient Gastroenterology Clinic. The results confirmed that bile acid diarrhea is a common but often overlooked cause of chronic functional diarrhea, with a therapeutic trial of cholestyramine being a valid diagnostic strategy.
JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kouassi R. Kpodo, Atul Chaudhari, Lori L. Schreier, Katarzyna B. Miska, Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
Summary: This study found that probiotic supplementation did not negatively affect bile acid metabolism and enterohepatic circulation in broiler chickens, but these effects were age dependent. These findings can contribute to the improvement of probiotic usage as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lehar Khanna, Michael Camilleri
Summary: Elobixibat, a novel ileal bile acid transport inhibitor, has shown efficacy in clinical trials and can increase colonic bile acid concentration, aiding in the treatment of chronic constipation. Patients with severe constipation symptoms may benefit from this drug, and initial studies suggest that it has good safety profile.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Susheel J. Nara, Srinivas Jogi, Srinivas Cheruku, Sarkunam Kandhasamy, Firoz Jaipuri, Pavan Kalyan Kathi, Subba Reddy, Sanket Sarodaya, Erica M. Cook, Tao Wang, Doree Sitkoff, Karen A. Rossi, Max Ruzanov, Susan E. Kiefer, Javed A. Khan, Mian Gao, Satyanarayana Reddy, Sankara L. V. J. Sivaprasad, Ramola Sane, Kathy Mosure, Xiaoliang Zhuo, Gary G. Cao, Milinda Ziegler, Anthony Azzara, John Krupinski, Matthew G. Soars, Bruce A. Ellsworth, Dean A. Wacker
Summary: This study reports the discovery and preclinical evaluation of compound 32, a nonbile acid farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, which exhibits tissue-selective effects in vivo. Additionally, this study demonstrates differential induction of Fgf15 in the liver and ileum by FXR agonists. Compound 32 shows robust antifibrotic efficacy, presenting an opportunity for reduced adverse effects.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tianxu Liu, Muyuan Ma, Kelei Li, Wei Tan, Han Yu, Ling Wang
Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by comparing biomarkers in IBS-D patients and healthy individuals. The study found that the rate of BAM in IBS-D patients was 32% according to SeHCAT. Furthermore, the levels of C4 were significantly higher, while the levels of FGF19 were significantly lower, and the levels of 48FBA were significantly higher in IBS-D patients compared to the control group. These findings provide a more accurate method for diagnosing BAM in IBS-D patients and potentially improving treatment options.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giusi Desire Sciume, Ginevra Berti, Christian Lambiase, Italia Paglianiti, Vincenzo Villanacci, Francesco Rettura, Antonio Grosso, Angelo Ricchiuti, Nicola de Bortoli, Paolo Usai Satta, Gabrio Bassotti, Massimo Bellini
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhea (FD) are disorders of gut-brain interaction that have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and microscopic colitis (MC) are often responsible for the lack of response to conventional treatments in these patients. Therefore, considering these factors and finding appropriate treatments should be part of the diagnostic process.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kiyoaki Ito, Akinori Okumura, Junko S. Takeuchi, Koichi Watashi, Rieko Inoue, Taeko Yamauchi, Kazumasa Sakamoto, Yukiko Yamashita, Yusuke Iguchi, Mizuho Une, Takaji Wakita, Kazuo Umezawa, Masashi Yoneda
Summary: This study investigated inhibitory effects of bile acid (BA) derivatives on HBV infection, highlighting the strong inhibitory effect of INT-767, possibly achieved through inhibiting HBV entry and stimulating FXR signaling. In a chimeric mouse model with humanized liver, INT-767 significantly delayed the rise of HBV markers.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kai-Kai Zhang, Jia-Li Liu, Li-Jian Chen, Jia-Hao Li, Jian-Zheng Yang, Ling-Ling Xu, Yu-Kui Chen, Qin-Yao Zhang, Xiu-Wen Li, Yi Liu, Dong Zhao, Xiao-Li Xie, Qi Wang
Summary: This study identified the microbial mechanism of Meth-induced hepatic inflammation and suggested its inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for treating Meth-related hepatotoxicity.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuting Zhang, Huimin Chen, Wei Cong, Ke Zhang, Yimin Jia, Lei Wu
Summary: Heat stress can hinder the growth performance of broilers, leading to economic losses. The study found that chronic heat stress resulted in a decrease in total bile acids and an increase in cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and taurolithocholic acid in broilers. The expression of CYP8B1 and BSEP increased in the liver, while the expression of FGF19 decreased in the ileum of heat-stressed broilers. Significant changes in gut microbial composition were also observed, with the enrichment of Peptoniphilus being positively correlated with the increased serum level of taurolithocholic acid.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam, Julian R. F. Walters
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julian R. F. Walters, Julian R. Marchesi
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Animesh Acharjee, Andrew D. Beggs, Richard Horniblow, Chris Tselepis, Georgios Gkoutos, Subrata Ghosh, A. E. Rossiter, Nicholas Loman, Willem van Schaik, David Withers, Julian R. F. Walters, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Tariq H. Iqbal
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline Ovadia, Alvaro Perdones-Montero, Hei Man Fan, Benjamin H. Mullish, Julie A. K. McDonald, Georgia Papacleovoulou, Annika Wahlstrom, Marcus Stahlman, Anastasia Tsakmaki, Louise C. D. Clarke, Alexandros Sklavounos, Peter H. Dixon, Gavin A. Bewick, Julian R. F. Walters, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Julian R. Marchesi, Catherine Williamson
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma Rose McGlone, Khalefah Malallah, Joyceline Cuenco, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Jens J. Holst, Royce P. Vincent, Charlotte Ling, Omar A. Khan, Surabhi Verma, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Julian R. F. Walters, Bernard Khoo, Stephen R. Bloom, Tricia M. M. Tan
Summary: The study found that CDCA and UDCA have differential effects on gut hormone secretion, with CDCA increasing GLP-1 and OXM secretion while reducing GIP secretion. CDCA also increased fasting GLP-1 and OXM levels along with insulin secretion, while reducing postprandial GIP secretion and insulin levels. On the other hand, UDCA did not affect gut hormone secretion. These findings suggest that CDCA may have beneficial effects on patients with obesity and diabetes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
A. L. Mitchell, C. Ovadia, A. Syngelaki, K. Souretis, M. Martineau, J. Girling, T. Vasavan, H. M. Fan, P. T. Seed, J. Chambers, J. R. F. Walters, K. Nicolaides, C. Williamson
Summary: Non-fasting bile acids can improve the diagnostic accuracy of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) diagnosis, with variations in non-fasting TSBA reference ranges among different ethnicities.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Martin Storr, Manfred Gross, Ahmed Madisch, Ulrike von Arnim, Hubert Moennikes, Julian Walters, Heiner Krammer, Jutta Keller
Summary: Bile acid diarrhea is a commonly overlooked cause of chronic diarrhea, affecting up to 5% of individuals even after exclusion of other causes. Diagnosis of bile acid diarrhea follows a clear algorithm, with treatment typically involving medications and vitamin supplementation.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
George E. Hiner, Julian R. F. Walters
Summary: Chronic diarrhea can be a common symptom of various diseases or a long-lasting disorder, requiring thorough history taking and tests such as blood and fecal screening, as well as exclusion of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal neoplasia. Specific therapy is available for common conditions like coeliac disease, microscopic colitis, and bile acid diarrhea.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julian R. F. Walters
Summary: Recent findings suggest that a large proportion of IBS-D patients have increased faecal bile acids, including primary bile acids, indicating changes in bacterial metabolism. The expression of the colonic membrane bile acid receptor TGR5 is associated with faecal bile acids and the severity of symptoms.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sara Balesaria, Sanjeev S. Pattni, Ian M. Johnston, Jonathan D. Nolan, Richard N. Appleby, Julian R. F. Walters
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edoardo Savarino, Fabiana Zingone, Brigida Barberio, Giovanni Marasco, Filiz Akyuz, Hale Akpinar, Oana Barboi, Giorgia Bodini, Serhat Bor, Giuseppe Chiarioni, Gheorghe Cristian, Maura Corsetti, Antonio Di Sabatino, Anca Mirela Dimitriu, Vasile Drug, Dan L. Dumitrascu, Alexander C. Ford, Goran Hauser, Radislav Nakov, Nisha Patel, Daniel Pohl, Catalin Sfarti, Jordi Serra, Magnus Simren, Alina Suciu, Jan Tack, Murat Toruner, Julian Walters, Cesare Cremon, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: This article summarizes the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis, and management of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhoea (FDr). Through literature summary and voting, European experts reached a consensus on 31 statements and provided guidance on diagnosis and treatment.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julian R. F. Walters
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Benjamin H. Mullish, Laura Martinez-Gili, Elena Chekmeneva, Goncalo D. S. Correia, Matthew R. Lewis, Verena Horneffer-Van Der Sluis, Lauren A. Roberts, Julie A. K. McDonald, Alexandros Pechlivanis, Julian R. F. Walters, Emma L. McClure, Julian R. Marchesi, Jessica R. Allegretti
Summary: This study aimed to explore the dynamics of fecal bile acids (BAs) in patients with primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and investigate their potential for predicting recurrence. The results showed that gut BA metabolism dynamics differed between patients with and without recurrence, suggesting that individual BAs may serve as novel biomarkers for predicting CDI recurrence.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lukas M. Balsiger, Filiz Akyuz, Brigida Barberio, Serhat Bor, Giuseppe Chiarioni, Maura Corsetti, Cesare Cremon, Antonio Di Sabatino, Vasile Drug, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu, Goran Hauser, Daniel Pohl, Karlien Raymenants, Emidio Scarpellini, Jolien Schol, Jordi Serra, Magnus Simren, Murat Toruner, Tim Vanuytsel, Julian R. Walters, Fabiana Zingone, Edoardo V. Savarino, Jan F. Track
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julian Walters