Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jackson L. K. Yip, Gayathri K. Balasuriya, Sarah J. Spencer, Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
Summary: Mice and rats have fundamental differences in colon motility and response to inhibition of nitric oxide neurotransmitter, making them important animal models for different questions in gastrointestinal research.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sylwia Mozel, Marcin B. Arciszewski
Summary: The study showed the presence of the P2X2 receptor in the neurons of the small intestine of pigs, suggesting its potential influence on the function of the small intestinal ENS. P2X2 receptor presence was observed in the myenteric plexus, outer submucosal plexus, and inner submucosal plexus neurons of all small intestinal segments in pigs, along with coexistence with certain biologically active substances.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Liliana Rytel, Ignacy Gonkowski, Waldemar Grzegorzewski, Joanna Wojtkiewicz
Summary: The enteric nervous system (ENS) located in the gastrointestinal tract regulates stomach and intestine functions. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by enteric neurons is involved in intestinal regulation. Inflammation leads to an increase in nitrergic nerve structures, suggesting NO's involvement in pathological processes in the bowel.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan D. Windster, Andrea Sacchetti, Gerben J. Schaaf, Eric M. J. Bindels, Robert M. W. Hofstra, Rene M. H. Wijnen, Cornelius E. J. Sloots, Maria M. Alves
Summary: A selective FACS protocol based on CD56/CD90/CD24 co-expression is developed to enrich and discriminate human ENS cells. Neuronal and glial selective markers are found to be co-expressed by all ENS cells, mainly driven by neuronal fragments. By applying this protocol to single-cell RNA sequencing, high-quality ENS cells are obtained for transcriptome analysis.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ryo Hotta, Ahmed Rahman, Sukhada Bhave, Rhian Stavely, Weikang Pan, Shriya Srinivasan, Geoffrey de Couto, Luis Rodriguez-Borlado, Richard Myers, Alan J. Burns, Allan M. Goldstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that transplanted enteric neuronal stem cells (ENSCs) can form effective neuromuscular connections and improve colonic motor function in a model of colonic dysmotility. Multiple injections of ENSCs led to an improved response, paving the way for optimized clinical trial design.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Tobias Kohl, Lejla Ridzal, Birgit Kuch, Marlene Hartel, Corinna Kreft, Ahmed Musoski, Klaus Michel, Harald Luksch, Michael Schemann, Anita Annahazi
Summary: Using immunohistochemistry and neuroimaging, this study investigated the neuronal density and motility patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of Crotalus atrox. The results showed distinct neuronal distribution and identified acetylcholine and nitric oxide as the main neurotransmitters regulating motility. These findings suggest that there are differences in gastrointestinal functions between Crotalus atrox and mammals, but the basic neural regulation pathways are conserved.
FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Tao Li, Marco Morselli, Trent Su, Mulugeta Million, Muriel Larauche, Matteo Pellegrini, Yvette Tache, Pu-Qing Yuan
Summary: The porcine gut, specifically the colon, is shown to be a relevant model for studying human colonic function and neuromodulation. Transcriptomic analyses reveal highly conserved programs between pig and human, supporting the potential of using pigs as predictors in translational studies.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Xinnian Wang, Ruijin Tang, Zhen Wei, Yang Zhan, Jianping Lu, Zhiling Li
Summary: Gastrointestinal disorders frequently coexist with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the severity of core behavioral deficits in autism is closely related to abnormalities in these issues. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a vital role in regulating gut functions, including gastrointestinal motility. Dysfunctional wiring in the ENS not only leads to various gastrointestinal issues, but also correlates with an increasing number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ASD. However, it remains unclear whether the gastrointestinal dysfunctions are a consequence of ASD or if they directly contribute to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the deficits in the ENS associated with ASD, highlights high-risk genes for ASD expressed in the gut and implicated in gastrointestinal dysfunction, and provides an overview of environmental factors associated with the gastrointestinal tract in individuals with autism.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Cerantola, Valentina Caputi, Gabriella Contarini, Maddalena Mereu, Antonella Bertazzo, Annalisa Bosi, Davide Banfi, Dante Mantini, Cristina Giaroni, Maria Cecilia Giron
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of DAT genetic reduction on the integrity of the enteric nervous system in mice, finding that reduced DAT activity led to increased dopamine-mediated effects, decreased cholinergic response, and altered neurochemical coding and architecture of the small intestine myenteric plexus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lori B. Dershowitz, Li Li, Anca M. Pasca, Julia A. Kaltschmidt
Summary: The study reveals that the human enteric nervous system starts to develop during the second trimester and follows a similar pattern to embryonic mice in terms of gastrointestinal motility. These findings are crucial for comparing with animal models, which can improve disease investigations and drug testing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Hongyi Duan, Xueqin Cai, Yingying Luan, Shuo Yang, Juan Yang, Hui Dong, Huihong Zeng, Lijian Shao
Summary: The intestine is composed of various types of cells that play important roles in digestion, absorption, neuroendocrine, and immune functions. The autonomic nervous system regulates cellular proliferation and function in the intestine. Understanding the distribution and function of the autonomic nervous system in the intestine could be helpful in treating intestinal diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pascale Vonaesch, Joao R. Araujo, Jean-Chrysostome Gody, Jean-Robert Mbecko, Hugues Sanke, Lova Andrianonimiadana, Tanteliniaina Naharimanananirina, Synthia Nazita Ningatoloum, Sonia Sandrine Vondo, Privat Bolmbaye Gondje, Andre Rodriguez-Pozo, Maheninasy Rakotondrainipiana, Kaleb Jephte Estime Kandou, Alison Nestoret, Nathalie Kapel, Serge Ghislain Djorie, B. Brett Finlay, Laura Wegener Parfrey, Jean-Marc Collard, Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana, Philippe J. Sansonetti
Summary: This study reveals the high prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in stunted children, which leads to increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and reduced lipid absorption. Additionally, specific fecal signatures associated with EED markers were identified. These findings are crucial for the development of microbiota-targeted interventions for treating EED.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giulia Bernabe, Mahmoud Elsayed Mosaad Shalata, Veronica Zatta, Massimo Bellato, Andrea Porzionato, Ignazio Castagliuolo, Paola Brun
Summary: The side effects of antibiotic treatment are directly related to intestinal dysbiosis. This study examined the long-term effects of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on the enteric nervous system and the impact of spontaneous restoration of gut microbiota on gastrointestinal functions. Two weeks of antibiotic treatment significantly altered gut microbial composition, and some bacterial genera did not regain their abundance after six weeks of discontinuation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Katarzyna Kras, Halyna Rudyk, Siemowit Muszynski, Ewa Tomaszewska, Piotr Dobrowolski, Volodymyr Kushnir, Viktor Muzyka, Oksana Brezvyn, Marcin B. Arciszewski, Ihor Kotsyumbas
Summary: In an experiment where fumonisin was administered to pregnant rats, it was found that this mycotoxin did not significantly alter the structure of the offspring's intestine/enteric nervous system, but it did change the neurochemical profile of the enteric neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Sean P. Parsons, Jan D. Huizinga
Summary: The study explores the role of nitric oxide in peristaltic activity in the ex vivo mouse intestine using spatiotemporal mapping. It identifies a propulsive motor pattern dependent on nitric oxide and reveals that cluster formation is inhibited by neural activity and nitric oxide synthesis blockade but restored by a constant level of nitric oxide. The presence of rhythmic inhibitions not dependent on nitrergic nerves and the involvement of ICC network synchronization in cluster and contraction wave formation are also noted.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)