Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alberto Camacho-Morales, Andrea Caballero-Benitez, Enrique Vazquez-Cruz, Roger Maldonado-Ruiz, Marcela Cardenas-Tueme, Augusto Rojas-Martinez, Diana Caballero-Hernandez
Summary: Maternal overnutrition and exposure to high-energy diets during pregnancy can lead to metabolic and immune alterations in offspring, including obesity and inflammation. This study suggests that maternal nutritional programming increases susceptibility to ghrelin-induced overeating in offspring, particularly under chronic stress conditions. The findings also indicate a relationship between cortisol accumulation and ghrelin sensitivity in the offspring.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gabriel O. de Souza, Frederick Wasinski, Jose Donato
Summary: This study aimed to compare the responses of male and female C57BL/6 mice to various metabolic challenges. The results showed that male mice had stronger responses to food restriction and refeeding, while female mice had higher protection against diet-induced obesity. Additionally, male mice had different feeding responses to ghrelin and leptin compared to females. However, these sex differences were not explained by differences in central responsiveness or neuron fiber density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julieta P. Aguggia, Maria P. Cornejo, Gimena Fernandez, Pablo N. De Francesco, Bharath K. Mani, Daniela Cassano, Agustina Cabral, Spring Valdivia, Guadalupe Garcia Romero, Mirta Reynaldo, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Mario Perello
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that Ghrelin may exert some of its actions via the supramammillary nucleus (SuM). In this study, researchers investigated the effects of Ghrelin in the SuM using a GHSR-eGFP mouse model. They found that centrally injected Ghrelin reached the SuM and induced c-Fos expression. Calorie restriction and binge-like eating also had an impact on the SuM cells. However, intra-SuM injected Ghrelin did not have an immediate effect on food intake, locomotor activity, behavioral arousal, or spatial memory but improved recognition memory.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yijun Gui, Naima S. Dahir, Yanan Wu, Griffin Downing, Patrick Sweeney, Roger D. Cone
Summary: MC3R is a crucial player in regulating the responsiveness of AgRP neurons to hormonal and neural signals of energy need, as demonstrated by the defective activation of AgRP neurons in MC3R knockout mice in response to fasting, cold exposure, or ghrelin.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Teodora Georgescu, Zin Khant Aung, David R. Grattan, Rosemary S. E. Brown
Summary: Aggressive behavior is observed in lactating female mice and is controlled by prolactin receptor in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN), which affects other brain regions involved in maternal behavior.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Isadora C. C. Furigo, Laura Dearden
Summary: As global obesity rates continue to rise, the number of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity has also increased. Maternal obesity not only has negative health outcomes for both the mother and the baby during pregnancy and birth, but also increases the risk of developing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in later life. Animal models have shown that offspring of obese mothers tend to have increased food intake, suggesting potential changes in the control of food intake. This review examines the development of the hypothalamus, the impact of maternal obesity on its structure and function in offspring, and the factors that may mediate permanent changes in hypothalamic function in individuals exposed to an obese in utero environment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qing Guo, Yuchen Zou, Yidan Chang, Yongyong Zhong, Lin Cheng, Lihong Jia, Lingling Zhai, Yinglong Bai, Qi Sun, Wei Wei
Summary: Maternal fructose exposure during pregnancy and lactation can cause hypertension in offspring. The study used various methods to evaluate the effects of maternal fructose exposure on blood pressure levels and the development of the hypothalamus in offspring. The findings suggest that maternal fructose exposure alters the transcriptome of the hypothalamus and activates the AT1R/TLR4 pathway, leading to hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Lindsay Hyland, Su-Bin Park, Yosra Abdelaziz, Alfonso Abizaid
Summary: Chronic infusion of ghrelin into the PMV increases weight gain, promotes carbohydrate oxidation as a fuel source, and results in hyperglycemia, without affecting food intake or body fat. This suggests that ghrelin signaling in the PMV contributes to the modulation of metabolic fuel utilization and glucose homeostasis.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jerod M. Rasmussen, Jetro J. Tuulari, Saara Nolvi, Paul M. Thompson, Harri Merisaari, Maria Lavonius, Linnea Karlsson, Sonja Entringer, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Hasse Karlsson, Claudia Buss
Summary: Using an international dataset, researchers found a link between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and the development of fetal hypothalamus in newborns. These findings can contribute to future prevention strategies for childhood obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michelle Romijn, Luca J. L. van Tilburg, Jonneke J. Hollanders, Bibian van der Voorn, Paul de Goede, Koert M. Dolman, Annemieke C. Heijboer, Birit F. P. Broekman, Joost Rotteveel, Martijn J. J. Finken
Summary: The study compared the diurnal rhythmicity of breast milk glucocorticoids (GCs) between pregnant women seeking consultation for psychological distress and control mothers. Results showed no group differences in GC rhythms, but the total amount of milk cortisol was lower in the group with psychological distress. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of vertical transmission of breast milk GCs.
Article
Neurosciences
K. Palus-Chramiec, A. M. Sanetra, M. H. Lewandowski
Summary: This study investigated the effects of time-of-day and high-fat diet on the neuronal networks and sensitivity to metabolic information in the hypothalamus. The results showed that even a short period of high-fat diet consumption can disrupt the neuronal network and alter the sensitivity to incoming information. Prolonged high-fat diet consumption increased the responsiveness to metabolic cues.
Article
Immunology
Soniya Xavier, Alita Soch, Simin Younesi, Sajida Malik, Sarah J. Spencer, Luba Sominsky
Summary: Maternal obesity and poor diet have been found to increase the risk of postpartum mood disorders. Experimental studies using a high-fat-high-sugar diet showed that it can lead to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, activated microglia, and altered neurogenesis, while a diet high in omega-3 PUFAs can mitigate these effects.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues, Jeferson Jantsch, Gabriel de Farias Fraga, Victor Silva Dias, Sarah Eller, Tiago Franco De Oliveira, Marcia Giovenardi, Renata Padilha Guedes
Summary: Maternal obesity and poor dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation can have adverse effects on offspring metabolic and neuroimmune development. This study investigated the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment to attenuate the effects of maternal obesity induced by a cafeteria diet on hypothalamic inflammation and peripheral metabolic profile of the offspring. The results showed that CBD treatment reduced white adipose tissue, improved insulin resistance, and reduced inflammation in both the central and peripheral systems.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Soniya Xavier, Jasmine Gili, Peter McGowan, Simin Younesi, Paul F. A. Wright, David W. Walker, Sarah J. Spencer, Luba Sominsky
Summary: The study findings indicate that a maternal diet high in fat and sugar had minimal negative effects on newborn pups, while consuming a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy may be detrimental for some metabolic developmental outcomes in the offspring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroko Yukinaga, Mitsue Hagihara, Kazuko Tsujimoto, Hsiao-Ling Chiang, Shigeki Kato, Kazuto Kobayashi, Kazunari Miyamichi
Summary: This study used a mouse model and viral genetic approaches to investigate the maternal activities of oxytocin (OT) neurons. The researchers discovered that OT neurons exhibit intrinsic plasticity during lactation and identified a modulatory input to these neurons.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Ting Huang, Shun-Fen Tzeng
Summary: Our study demonstrates the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in a demyelinating mouse model induced by cuprizone (CPZ), showing that IL-33 can alleviate the reduction of APC+ OLs and the decline of IL-33 levels in the corpus callosum, and promote the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP).
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2024)
