Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bowen Yang, Dmitry Bogachuk, Jiajia Suo, Lukas Wagner, Hobeom Kim, Jaekeun Lim, Andreas Hinsch, Gerrit Boschloo, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Anders Hagfeldt
Summary: This article reviews the influence of strain on the performance and stability of halide perovskite solar cells, covering the origins, characterization techniques, and control strategies of strain. It also proposes effective strategies for future strain engineering. The comprehensive review is important for researchers to gain a deeper understanding of strain effects and improve performance towards commercialization.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongbo Liang, Wenhan Yang, Junmin Xia, Hao Gu, Xiangchuan Meng, Gege Yang, Ying Fu, Bin Wang, Hairui Cai, Yiwang Chen, Shengchun Yang, Chao Liang
Summary: This article summarizes the sources of strain, evaluation methods, impacts on f-PSCs, and engineering strategies to modulate strain in flexible perovskite solar cells. The aim of this review is to provide new insights that can further improve the optoelectronic performance and stability of flexible devices.
Article
Optics
Roberto Bernal-Correa, Arturo Morales-Acevedo
Summary: Perovskite solar cells, a new type of solar cell technology, have achieved high efficiencies above 25% but optical losses are not well studied. The optical reflectance in the solar spectrum for these devices is a key factor in developing highly efficient extra-thin solar cells.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Masoud Karimipour, Ashitha Paingott Parambil, Kenedy Tabah Tanko, Tiankai Zhang, Feng Gao, Monica Lira-Cantu
Summary: This study investigates the stability of MXene-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under various conditions. The results show that the functionalization of MXene can enhance the lifespan of PSCs, with significant improvements under continuous light irradiation and real outdoor conditions.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Commandeur, Thomas Draper, Zainab T. Y. Alabdulla, Rong Qian, Qiao Chen
Summary: The study found that CsPbBr3 solar cells can actually increase in efficiency over time under certain conditions, rather than degrading. By adjusting storage conditions, it was discovered that the type of solvent and atmosphere environment significantly impact the performance of the cells, providing guidelines for improving the long-term efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Motoshi Nakamura, Ching Chang Lin, Chie Nishiyama, Keishi Tada, Takeru Bessho, Hiroshi Segawa
Summary: The effect of ion bombardment during ITO sputtering on PVK solar cells was found to be non-detrimental and even improved the power conversion efficiency by enhancing band alignment through oxidation of the hole transport layer (HTL). By eliminating the use of the MoOx buffer layer, the researchers were able to develop more durable and higher transmittance semi-transparent PVK cells.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Motoshi Nakamura, Ching Chang Lin, Chie Nishiyama, Keishi Tada, Takeru Bessho, Hiroshi Segawa
Summary: It was found that ion bombardment during ITO sputtering can improve the device performance and increase the power conversion efficiency of PVK solar cells. The use of a MoOx buffer layer can be eliminated to develop semitransparent PVK cells with higher durability and transmittance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Pei-Ying Lin, Aswaghosh Loganathan, Itaru Raifuku, Ming-Hsien Li, Yueh-Ya Chiu, Shao-Tung Chang, Azhar Fakharuddin, Chen-Fu Lin, Tzung-Fang Guo, Lukas Schmidt-Mende, Peter Chen
Summary: Perovskite solar cells have achieved high power conversion efficiency, but the intrinsic instability of perovskite materials remains a key issue. Studies have shown that mixed-halide perovskites and other negative monovalent ions can improve stability. This review presents the evolution and applications of pseudo-halide perovskite solar cells.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yanjie Wu, Nan Ding, Yuhong Zhang, Bin Liu, Xinmeng Zhuang, Shuainan Liu, Zhaogang Nie, Xue Bai, Biao Dong, Lin Xu, Donglei Zhou, Hongwei Song
Summary: This study focuses on extending the near-infrared (NIR) spectral response and increasing ultraviolet (UV) utilization for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By integrating new organic bulk-heterojunction and gold nanotriangles, the NIR spectral response of PSCs is extended to 1100 nm. The study also demonstrates the potential of CsPbCl3:Yb3+, Ce3+, Cr3+ nanophosphors for down-conversion in PSCs, resulting in a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and short circuit current density (Jsc).
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinxin Yu, Yanping Mo, Jing Li, Zhiliang Ku, Junyan Xiao, Fei Long, Liyuan Han, Wangnan Li, Shulai Lei, Yong Peng, Bin Li, Yi-Bing Cheng
Summary: A moisture-assisted strategy is proposed to eliminate the coffee-ring effect and enhance film crystallization in sprayed metal halide perovskite films, leading to improved performance of photovoltaic devices. The Cs0.19FA0.81PbI2.5Br0.5 perovskite films formed using this strategy exhibit homogeneous morphology and excellent crystallization, resulting in an increased power conversion efficiency.
MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Katelyn P. Goetz, Alexander D. Taylor, Yvonne J. Hofstetter, Yana Vaynzof
Summary: Perovskites have high efficiency but face challenges due to the toxicity and instability of their lead-based active layer, along with other environmental concerns revealed in life cycle analyses. Encapsulation and recycling are highlighted as ways to reduce negative environmental impact.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoguo Li, Fengming Xie, Saqib Rafique, Haoliang Wang, Liangliang Deng, Zejiao Shi, Yaxin Wang, Xin Zhang, Kai Liu, Yanyan Wang, Yiyi Pan, Fengcai Liu, Chongyuan Li, Tianxiang Hu, Jiao Wang, Anran Yu, Jianxin Tang, Yiqiang Zhan
Summary: Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is used in flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) due to its chemical stability and temperature tolerance. The poor transmittance in the UV region hampers the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of F-PSCs. A novel strategy of introducing UV-visible downshifting material before the PEN substrate increases the spectral response and improves the PCE of F-PSCs to 22.81%. The improved device also exhibits enhanced photocurrent and humidity resistance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zijing Dong, Weiping Li, Hailiang Wang, Xiaoyu Jiang, Huicong Liu, Liqun Zhu, Haining Chen
Summary: This study successfully fabricated and studied high-temperature perovskite solar cells, demonstrating excellent stability and power conversion efficiency for potential applications in high-temperature fields such as space exploration.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kiwan Jeong, Junseop Byeon, Jihun Jang, Namyoung Ahn, Mansoo Choi
Summary: The development of pulsatile therapy has addressed the challenge of long-term stability in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. By eliminating accumulated charges and redistributing migrated ions, the degraded device can be revived, prolonging its lifetime and restoring power output.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Jin Wang, Hui Liu, Ying Zhao, Xiaodan Zhang
Summary: Perovskite-based tandem cells with high efficiency and clean energy conversion have been developed. By passivating with ammonium cations, the issue of short carrier diffusion length in thick PbSn narrow-bandgap subcell has been addressed, leading to a certified efficiency of 26.4%, a new record for all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Senthilarasu Sundaram, Manosh C. Paul, Yasser Mahmoudi
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yusuf. N. Chanchangi, Flossie Adu, Aritra Ghosh, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Tapas. K. Mallick
Summary: The rapid population growth and reliance on fossil fuel in Nigeria have led to significant environmental and economic consequences. To address this, a clean energy supply alternative is needed, and photovoltaic devices have emerged as a suitable option. However, apart from their low efficiency, other factors hinder the penetration of this technology in Nigeria.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Management
Eduardo Fernandez, Jose Rui Figueira, Jorge Navarro, Efrain Solares
Summary: This paper presents a general theoretical framework for ordinal classification methods, which use pairwise comparisons to assign actions to classes. The new assignment rules use a reflexive binary relation, S, and its asymmetric part, P. These rules fulfill fundamental properties and relax the requirements for limiting and representative profiles compared to other pairwise classification methods. Many ordinal classification methods can be derived from this proposal, each consisting of two correlative assignment rules. Various existing methods, such as ELECTRE TRI-nB and ELECTRE TRI-nC, can be seen as particular cases of this generalized framework.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Sreeram Valsalakumar, Anurag Roy, Tapas K. Mallick, Justin Hinshelwood, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: The power conversion efficiencies of Perovskite solar cells have significantly improved between 2012 and 2022. These solar cells have excellent optoelectronic properties and can be manufactured using low-cost materials. This review article explores scalable perovskite deposition techniques, including the fabrication of high-quality perovskite film, their stabilities, and commercialization status. Various deposition techniques, such as spin coating and slot die coating, as well as vapour-assisted deposition approaches, are discussed. These techniques offer advantages in terms of cost, mask-less patterning, and design freedom.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Kalavala Shivaprakash Srivishnu, Prasutha Rani Markapudi, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Lingamallu Giribabu
Summary: Perovskite solar cells technology is advanced and fascinating due to its low-cost processing and efficient power conversion efficiencies. Researchers have been exploiting the transparency of perovskite solar cells to meet environmental and energy needs. Placing semitransparent perovskite solar cells on windows and rooftops of buildings can reduce room temperature and fulfill power requirements.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Anurag Roy, M. J. S. Mohamed, M. A. Gondal, Tapas K. Mallick, Asif Ali Tahir, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can achieve enhanced performance by engineering the materials at the interface of different device components. The most commonly used photosensitizers for DSSCs are Ru (II) polypyridyl-based synthetic dyes, but they are expensive. This study explores the use of natural and metal-free organic dyes as alternatives to synthetic dyes, and introduces Cu-doped CdS as a co-sensitizer to improve light-harvesting. The introduction of Cu leads to a broad absorption range and enhances optical interaction with the N719 dye, resulting in improved photocurrent density and overall performance of the DSSC.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anurag Roy, Bin Ding, Maria Khalid, Mussad Alzahrani, Yong Ding, Asif A. Tahir, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Sachin Kinge, Abdullah M. Asiri, Andre Slonopas, Paul J. Dyson, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Tapas K. Mallick
Summary: The future of energy generation is focused on meeting the global economy's critical needs through green innovations and emissions abatement technologies. Concentrated photovoltaics (CPVs), with their high photo-conversion efficiency, are among the most promising technologies in this area. While most research uses silicon and cadmium telluride, we explore the potential of nascent technologies like perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Our preliminary investigation examines a "large-area" PSC module under a Fresnel lens (FL) with a "refractive optical concentrator-silicon-on-glass" base, aiming to minimize the trade-off between PV performance and scalability for PSCs. The FL-PSC system measures the solar current-voltage characteristics in varying lens-to-cell distances and illuminations, while also studying the temperature of the PSC module using the COMSOL transient heat transfer mechanism. The FL-based technique for "large-area" PSC architectures shows promise in facilitating commercialization.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Vijai Kaarthi Visvanathan, Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, Dineshkumar Ponnaiyan, Mathan Chandran, Thanarajan Kumaresan, Jegathishkumar Ramasamy, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: The current energy supply scenario is unsustainable, necessitating a transition towards a more environmentally friendly energy supply system in the future. Hydrogen, as a potential fuel, can assist in this transition. This review discusses technological advancements and design challenges related to hydrogen generation and fuel cell technologies. The commercialization of hydrogen-based technologies is closely linked to the development of the fuel cell industry. The market evolution of fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell-based stationary power generation products is also discussed, along with the opportunities and threats associated with their market diffusion, policy implications, and roadmaps of major economies for the hydrogen transition.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sreeram Valsalakumar, Anurag Roy, Tapas K. Mallick, Justin Hinshelwood, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: The rheological impact of the m-TiO2 layer on the PSC performance was studied. The study highlights the importance of morphological variations caused by paste viscosity and thickness on bandgap and device photovoltaic performance. The data analysis showed that the m-TiO2 paste with a viscosity of 2.85 cP and a thickness of 1 μm had a bandgap of -3.55 eV, while the higher viscous paste (3.85 cP) exhibited a slightly enhanced bandgap of -3.64 nm with a thickness greater than 1 μm. Cell performance analysis predicted a power conversion efficiency of 23.59% using the SCAPS 3.3 software-based simulation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alvaro Valera, Pedro M. Rodrigo, Maria A. Ceballos, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez
Summary: Hybrid concentrator photovoltaic-thermoelectric systems aim to increase solar energy conversion efficiency by recovering waste heat. This paper presents experimental assessments of such systems under extreme concentrations. The results indicate that commercially available components cannot meet the optimistic values predicted by theory, and the performance of the hybrid system is worse than the conventional system at higher concentrations. Improvement research areas include ultra-high concentration optical systems, solar cells with wider operating temperature range and lower losses, and more efficient thermoelectric generators.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Priyabrata Sadhukhan, Anurag Roy, Shubhranshu Bhandari, Tapas K. Mallick, Sachindranath Das, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: This study demonstrates the fabrication of ambient processed hybrid perovskite solar cells using low-temperature curable carbon-based electrodes without a hole transport layer. The devices exhibit an impressive high open-circuit voltage of 1.07 V, and further investigation shows improved photovoltaic performance. The study highlights the impact of the electric double layer on the free carrier transport of ionic-electronic semiconductors like hybrid perovskites and its potential to enhance the open-circuit voltage of carbon-based perovskite solar cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Asmaa Ahmed, Mohamed Elsakka, Nabil Elminshawy, Ayman Mohamed, Senthilarasu Sundaram
Summary: This review article explores the growing trend of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems, discussing their structure, key factors for site suitability, cooling and cleaning techniques, and prospects for integration with other technologies. By examining the various features of FPV systems, it provides insights into the advantages and challenges of using this sustainable energy technology in different regional contexts.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alvaro Valera-Albacete, Florencia Almonacid, Pedro M. Rodrigo, Eduardo F. Fernandez
Summary: This letter presents a 3D simulation model for an optical photovoltaic power converter hybridized with a thermoelectric generator and demonstrates its potential for applications at very low temperatures. The design of the hybrid converter optimized the thermoelectric couple height under different air temperature conditions. The simulation results showed significant efficiency improvements compared to a nonhybrid power converter, opening up a promising path for the development of highly efficient hybrid converters.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Joao Gabriel Bessa, Michael Valerino, Matthew Muller, Mike Bergin, Leonardo Micheli, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of pollen as a soiling agent in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The research findings show that during the spring peak pollen season, performance losses of over 15% were observed at five utility-scale PV plants. Partial performance recoveries after the pollen season were slow and not correlated with rainfall. Manual cleanings led to a performance recovery ranging from 5% to 11%.
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shahriyar Safat Dipta, Md Habibur Rahaman, Walia Binte Tarique, Ashraful Hossain Howlader, Ayush Pratik, John A. Stride, Ashraf Uddin
Summary: Implementing a double-sided passivation approach can enhance the performance of n-i-p structured PSCs and improve the stability and photovoltaic properties of the cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Ourinson, Andreas Brand, Andreas Lorenz, Marwan Dhamrin, Sebastian Tepner, Michael Linse, Nathalie Goettlicher, Kosuke Tsuji, Jonas D. Huyeng, Florian Clement
Summary: This work presents two approaches to reduce the amount of silver on the rear side of M2-sized industrial iTOPCon solar cells. The Cu-based approach shows promise with similar power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional approach, while the Al-based approach exhibits some limitations but demonstrates the potential of such type of contact for iTOPCon solar cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abasifreke Ebong, Donald Intal, Sandra Huneycutt, Thad Druffel, Ruvini Dharmadasa, Kevin Elmer, Apolo Nambo
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful metallization of a PERC silicon solar cell using screen-printable copper (Cu) paste. The Cu paste contains antioxidant additives and diffusion inhibitors to prevent oxidation and diffusion of Cu. The Cu-printed cells achieved an efficiency of 19% and showed no Cu diffusion after characterization tests. The long-term stability and effectiveness of the Cu diffusion barrier were also confirmed.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Senami Zogbo, Wilfried Favre, Olivier Bonino, Marie-Estelle Gueunier-Farret
Summary: Measuring specific contact resistivity (pc) is crucial for interface engineering in high efficiency solar cells. The Transfer Length Method (TLM) is commonly used for evaluating layer sheet resistance (Rsheet) and pc, but it is not suitable for metal/Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) interface evaluation in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. This study investigates the parameters that restrict current confinement within the TCO, including mid-gap trap density (Dit) at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and the activation energy (Ea = Ec - EF) variation of a-Si:H contact layers.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: The phenomenon of ribbon lengthening in PV modules exposed to thermal cycling is not well explained in the literature. In this study, a three layers model is proposed to explain this effect, and the predictions of the model are validated through finite element method simulations and experiments. The results show that the model predictions are consistent with the indirect measurements, but not with the direct measurements. Additionally, it is inferred that the encapsulant plays a role after the solder failure.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: This study investigates the problematic ribbon lengthening observed in PV modules exposed to high amplitude thermal cycling. A simplified system model is proposed and accurate predictions are obtained using the Finite Element Method. The results show that the thickness of the encapsulant has a substantial impact on the lengthening of the ribbons.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Catalan-Gomez, E. Martinez Castellano, M. Schwarz, M. Montes Bajo, L. Dorado Vargas, A. Gonzalo, A. Redondo-Cubero, A. Gallego Carro, A. Hierro, J. M. Ulloa
Summary: This study investigates the use of core-shell gallium nanoparticles as functional light scatterers on solar cells. By optimizing the nanoparticle size, the short-circuit current of the solar cells is significantly improved. The underlying physical mechanism is studied through optical measurements and simulations, and a method to reduce the plasmonic effect of the nanoparticles is demonstrated.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Gamel, G. Lopez, A. M. Medrano, A. Jimenez, A. Datas, M. Garin, I. Martin
Summary: In this study, a highly reflective ohmic contact to p-type c-Ge material is demonstrated, which can improve the efficiency of thermophotovoltaic devices. The experimental results show that this contact can simultaneously meet the requirements of good back surface passivation, low electrical resistivity, and high reflectivity. Moreover, simulations suggest that implementing these back contacts has the potential to achieve conversion efficiencies comparable to high-efficiency c-Ge TPV cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyang Wei, Qing Xu, Dongchu Chen, Min Chen, Menglei Chang, Xiufang Ye
Summary: This study prepared solar selective absorption films based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) photonic crystals using a unique electrodeposition method. The Co-Ag electrodeposited film exhibited superior solar selective absorption properties and thermal stability.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ankit Kumar, Ankit Chauhan, Jordi Llobet, Helder Fonseca, Patricia C. Sousa, Carlos Calaza, Gil Shalev
Summary: This study found that decorating subwavelength arrays with SiO2 quasi-nanolenses (qNL arrays) can enhance the absorption of the solar spectrum. Optical absorption mechanisms in qNL arrays were investigated using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), revealing that the enhancement is a result of the combination of effective antireflection coating, increased optical interactions between adjacent dielectrics for elevated light trapping, and strong light concentration due to the presence of qNLs.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Pingel, T. Wenzel, N. Goettlicher, M. Linse, L. Folcarelli, J. Schube, S. Hoffmann, S. Tepner, Y. C. Lau, J. Huyeng, A. Lorenz, F. Clement
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential to reduce silver consumption in highly efficient SHJ cells through fine-line screen printing using low temperature paste with various screens. The results show that using finer mesh allows for narrower grid fingers and lower resistance, leading to improved cell efficiency. Simulation results indicate that module wire configuration is crucial for reducing silver consumption.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xibo He, Jun Qiu, Wei Wang, Yicheng Hou, Yong Shuai
Summary: This paper proposes a novel phase change material with high thermal conductivity and stability for fast photo-thermal conversion and storage. The experimental results demonstrate excellent durability and stability of the phase change material, with good performance in thermal conductivity and thermal storage efficiency.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingyuan Liu, Lin Wang, Zheng Liu, Guohua Liu
Summary: A new evaporating structure consisting of liquid marble with tunable nanowire array is proposed to enhance solar evaporation. The experiments show that the liquid marble with nanowire array exhibits outstanding evaporation performance, which has significant implications for seawater desalination or wastewater treatment.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Liu, Qiming Liu, Jinpei Liu, Yonggang Zhao, Yingjie Yu, Yue An, Ganghui Wei, Yanzheng Li, Yujun Fu, Junshuai Li, Deyan He
Summary: Moisture in the air is identified as the main cause of performance degradation in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. Exposure to air leads to the growth of thin oxide layer on the interface and the formation of silver sulfide, increasing the series resistance and decreasing the fill factor, thus degrading the cell performance.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
E. Blanco, P. Martin, M. Dominguez, P. Fernandez-Palacios, I. Lombardero, C. Sanchez-Perez, I. Garcia, C. Algora, M. Gabas
Summary: This study addresses the lack of optical parameters for p-type Ge wafers by determining the complex refractive indices of commercial Ge wafers with varying doping levels. The obtained data successfully reproduces the critical points associated with interband transitions and absorption features below the bandgap. The refractive indices were validated through experimental measurements and solar cell simulations.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
