Review
Neurosciences
Magdalena Regulska, Magdalena Szuster-Gluszczak, Ewa Trojan, Monika Leskiewicz, Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
Summary: Eicosanoids are a family of lipid signaling mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and play a role in physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Their synthesis is primarily catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOXs). The metabolites of AA have dual properties of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. Targeting Eicosanoid-related pathways may offer therapeutic benefits for depression.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lina Badimon, Gemma Vilahur, Bianca Rocca, Carlo Patrono
Summary: Arachidonic acid is a common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that can produce various biologically active substances. It exists in esterified form in cell membrane phospholipids and is released through the actions of phospholipases, affecting important physiological processes such as blood coagulation and vascular functions.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haixia Yang, Eva Rothenberger, Tong Zhao, Wendong Fan, Abigail Kelly, Ahmed Attaya, Daidi Fan, Dipak Panigrahy, Jianjun Deng
Summary: Cancer, a major global disease burden, is influenced by inflammation. Eicosanoids, derived from dietary fatty acids like arachidonic acid (AA), are involved in inflammation-related cancers. This research summarizes dietary sources of AA, eicosanoid biosynthesis, their bioactivities, potential molecular mechanisms, and current challenges in studying eicosanoids in relation to inflammation-related cancer.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teng Wang, Yiqun Han, Haonan Li, Yanwen Wang, Xi Chen, Wu Chen, Xinghua Qiu, Jicheng Gong, Weiju Li, Tong Zhu
Summary: Individuals with prediabetes showed significantly increased concentrations of arachidonate metabolites after exposure to PM2.5, which were derived from the CYP450 pathway and may mediate inflammatory responses. Targeting lipid metabolism may have therapeutic potential in attenuating the cardiovascular effects of air pollution in susceptible populations.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nina Y. Yuan, Ricky Maung, Ziying Xu, Xianlin Han, Marcus Kaul
Summary: This study found that the neuroinflammation observed in HIV infection is associated with abnormal metabolism of arachidonic acid. In a transgenic mouse model, the absence of the LTC4S gene suppressed signaling activity in the inflammatory pathway in female mice. Lipidomic profiling revealed beneficial changes in brain lipids. These findings suggest that targeting the arachidonic acid cascade may have therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation in NeuroHIV and HANDs.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kajal Hamidzadeh, Jodi Westcott, Nicholas Wourms, Ashley E. Shay, Anand Panigrahy, Michael J. Martin, Robert Nshimiyimana, Charles N. Serhan
Summary: The production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) is crucial in resolving acute inflammation. The authors successfully synthesized a new SPM called 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 and confirmed its bioactivities and ability to activate human leukocyte phagocytosis in vivo.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Antonio Gimenez-Bastida, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrias, Jose Moises Laparra-Llopis, Claus Schneider, Juan Carlos Espin
Summary: Dietary (poly)phenols demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the 5-LOX pathway, although research in this area is limited and requires further exploration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karin J. Bosma, Cecilia E. Kaiser, Michelle E. Kimple, Maureen Gannon
Summary: Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that plays roles in inflammation, pain, and immune function. Its metabolism through various pathways produces eicosanoids, which are associated with inflammatory, renal, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Targeting the metabolism of arachidonic acid may provide new therapies for diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fan Zhang, Kang Sun, Wang-Sheng Wang
Summary: Human parturition involves the mobilization of arachidonic acid (AA) and the synthesis of AA-derived eicosanoids, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays a key role. This study identified another important AA-derived eicosanoid, 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), in the amnion and discovered a feed-forward loop between 15(S)-HETE and PGE2 in parturition. Targeting this loop may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of preterm birth.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elvira Verduci, Patrizia Rise, Elisabetta Di Profio, Laura Fiori, Sara Vizzuso, Dario Dilillo, Savina Mannarino, Elena Zoia, Valeria Calcaterra, Christian Pinna, Angelo Sala, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Summary: MIS-C is a pathological state linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, characterized by inflammation, multisystem involvement, and altered inflammatory markers. The study reveals significant alterations in fatty acid levels in children with MIS-C, suggesting a potential contribution of omega-6 fatty acids to the observed inflammatory state.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Sharifur Rahman, Mohammad Salim Hossain
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a devastating pandemic state with inflammation and cytokine storm, leading to organ damage and potential death. The role of bioactive lipid mediators, particularly eicosanoids, in initiating and resolving inflammation has gained importance in understanding and mitigating the pathological states of COVID-19.
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cai-Feng Xiong, Quan-Fei Zhu, Yao-Yu Chen, Dong-Xiao He, Yu-Qi Feng
Summary: In this study, a highly sensitive and specific method for screening and annotating epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins in biological samples was established using chemical labeling-assisted liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed the presence of potential epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins, including previously unreported compounds, in human serum and high-fat diet mouse heart samples. Moreover, the method showed a significant decrease in the levels of certain epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins in the heart of mice with high-fat diet, particularly those derived from linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alma M. Astudillo, Juan P. Rodriguez, Carlos Guijas, Julio M. Rubio, Maria A. Balboa, Jesus Balsinde
Summary: Macrophages respond to inflammation by mobilizing arachidonic acid through the action of cPLA(2)alpha, leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins E-2 and I-2. The COX-1 enzyme is crucial for this process. Lipid hydrolysis induced by zymosan stimulation primarily involves AA-containing PC and PI, with PC being the major source for prostaglandin E-2 production and both PC and PI contributing to prostaglandin I-2 synthesis. Additionally, prostaglandins produced during early macrophage activation can regulate the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariana Soria-Tiedemann, Geert Michel, Iris Urban, Maceler Aldrovandi, Valerie B. O'Donnell, Sabine Stehling, Hartmut Kuhn, Astrid Borchert
Summary: Gpx4 and Alox15 are enzymes involved in oxidative lipid metabolism, and play important roles in spermatogenesis. This study found that Gpx4 is widely distributed in mouse sperm and its deficiency affects acrosomal exocytosis and in vitro fertilization. Alox15 deficiency had minimal impact on acrosome reactions, but induced spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis when crossed into a Gpx4-deficient background.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Meng Wang, Kun Tong, Zhe Chen, Zhengde Wen
Summary: This study aims to investigate the protective effect of LXA4 on cells by inducing HO-1 expression in HPMECs as an in vitro model, and to explain the mechanism of acute lung injury after severe acute pancreatitis.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)