Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anna Kot, Marta Radecka, Dominik Dorosz, Katarzyna Zakrzewska
Summary: TiO2 thin films containing erbium were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, showing homogeneous structure and high transparency, but with a significant 0.4 eV blue shift. Near-infrared to visible up-conversion was demonstrated, along with strong green photoluminescence upon photon absorption.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Myungjae Lee, Jong-Hoon Kang, Fauzia Mujid, Joonki Suh, Ariana Ray, Chibeom Park, David A. Muller, Jiwoong Park
Summary: Atomically thin yet optically isotropic films are achieved through three-dimensional topographic reconstruction, providing improved optical performance with polarization isotropy and enhanced angular properties.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jin-Woo Cho, Eun-Joo Lee, Sun-Kyung Kim
Summary: The study demonstrates that inversely designed TiN/ZnS/Ag coatings in a trilayer configuration achieve a wide color gamut and efficient heat dissipation, while showing good resistance to solar radiation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cheng-Yu He, Xiao-Li Qiu, Dong-Mei Yu, Shuai-Sheng Zhao, Hui-Xia Guo, Gang Liu, Xiang-Hu Gao
Summary: This study utilized high entropy alloy nitride (HEAN) as a novel double absorption layer to improve solar absorption in high temperature solar selective absorbing coatings (SSACs). The as-deposited coating exhibited good optical properties with high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance. Thermal stability tests showed that HEAN-based SSACs have the ability to resist instability in high working temperatures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhide Luo, Cuiping Zhang, Li Yang, Jinbao Zhang
Summary: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown rapid development in recent years, but their stability has been a key limitation for industrialization and commercialization due to sensitivity to environmental factors. This research developed an ambient spray coating method to create organic-inorganic composite films, significantly enhancing the stability of PSCs and offering potential for flexible and curved device applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
K. K. Phani Kumar, Sudhanshu Mallick, Shanmugasundaram Sakthivel
Summary: Developed nanoparticles-based absorber coatings with wide angular solar absorptance and low heat loss behavior improve the performance of receiver tubes in solar thermal systems. These coatings exhibit excellent thermal stability at high operating temperatures and offer high photo-thermal conversion efficiency.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher L. Hassam, Flavien Sciortino, Ngan T. K. Nguyen, Bhuvanesh Srinivasan, Katsuhiko Ariga, Franck Gascoin, Fabien Grasset, Takao Mori, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, Yohann Thimont, David Berthebaud
Summary: Polyethylenimine-stabilized Sb2S3 thin films prepared via electrophoretic deposition show strong adhesion, controllable thickness, and improved optical properties after annealing. The materials exhibit reduced band gap and increased refractive index and carrier concentration, demonstrating the potential of EPD for rapidly creating stable thin films.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
T. Iline-Vul, S. Bretler, S. Cohen, I. Perelshtein, N. Perkas, A. Gedanken, S. Margel
Summary: Superhydrophobic coatings have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in various industries and research fields. This study introduces a relatively simple method for preparing durable, transparent, and self-cleaning superhydrophobic coatings on polymeric films, with potential applications including self-cleaning windows, snow anti-sticking, solar panels, agricultural uses, corrosion resistance, and anti-biofouling.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Naftali Kanovsky, Sarit Cohen, Shlomo Margel
Summary: The research focuses on forming superhydrophobic coatings on polymeric films through a modified method, which increases surface roughness and superhydrophobicity; PP films coated with flake-like silica structures achieve better results; this in-situ process shows simplicity and promising outcomes, potentially for industrial applications.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Dileswar Pradhan, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal
Summary: Food contact materials play a crucial role in food quality and safety. Plastic packaging, while widely used, has negative environmental impacts, prompting research into alternative materials like seaweed polysaccharides. Despite the promising characteristics of seaweed polysaccharides, there are still limitations that require further study for improvement.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shuai-Sheng Zhao, Xiao-Li Qiu, Cheng-Yu He, Dong-Mei Yu, Gang Liu, Xiang-Hu Gao
Summary: A highly efficient solar selective absorber coating has been successfully developed, with high solar absorptance and low emittance, maintaining a high solar-thermal conversion efficiency at high temperatures. Comprehensive studies on optical properties, microstructure, element distribution, and failure mechanism provide important insights for the application of this coating in solar energy harvesting.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
N. Murugesan, S. Suresh, M. Kandasamy, S. Murugesan, N. Pugazhenthiran, V. Prasanna Venkatesh, B. K. Balachandar, S. Karthick Kumar, M. N. M. Ansari
Summary: In this study, reduced graphene oxide integrated copper oxide nanocomposite thin film solar selective absorber coatings were successfully prepared on aluminum substrate using dip-coating method. The coatings were characterized and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the coatings had highly crystalline monoclinic structured CuO particles distributed on graphene sheets, exhibiting high absorptance and low emittance, indicating promising solar absorption performance.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bhim P. Kafle, Bijaya Basnet, Bikash Timalsina, Akash Deo, Tek N. Malla, Nayan Acharya, Anish Adhikari
Summary: This study explored the possibility of developing efficient and durable black nickel selective coating solar thermal collectors at ambient temperature. The quality of the collectors was optimized by evaluating the effects of pH, temperature, electric current density, and deposition time on the optical, structural, and thermal performance of the black nickel coating. The results showed that the electro-deposited black nickel-based collectors had superior thermal performance compared to black paint-based collectors.
Article
Optics
Wei Xiao, Peng Dai, H. Johnson Singh, Idris A. Ajia, Xingzhao Yan, Peter R. Wiecha, Ruomeng Huang, C. H. (Kees) de Groot, Otto L. Muskens, Kai Sun
Summary: This study utilizes a genetic algorithm and a transfer matrix method to design and optimize a multimaterial thin-film OSR for broadband radiative cooling. The optimized structure, consisting of 18 alternating layers of SiN, SiO2, and Ta2O5 on an Al mirror backreflector, exhibits low solar absorption and high broadband infrared emissivity. The fabricated OSR demonstrates good thermal-optical properties and achieves efficient net cooling power under one sun total solar irradiance in space.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Absike, Z. Essalhi, H. Labrim, B. Hartiti, N. Baaalla, M. Tahiri, B. Jaber, H. Ez-zahraouy
Summary: In this study, the influence of control conditions on the physical properties of Copper Oxide thin-film was successfully investigated using sol-gel procedure and spin coating technique. The research utilized the Taguchi model to identify key factors in the deposition process of CuO thin film and analyzed the chemical composition and optical properties of the films. The optimized CuO thin films showed enhanced optical properties, demonstrating their potential as solar cell absorbers in PV devices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tom Boenke, Sebastian Kirchhoff, Florian S. Reuter, Florian Schmidt, Christine Weller, Susanne Dorfler, Kai Schwedtmann, Paul Hartel, Thomas Abendroth, Holger Althues, Jan J. Weigand, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have high theoretical specific energy and are promising for lightweight applications like aviation and heavy electric vehicles. However, their rate capability needs improvement. This study evaluates a combination of sparingly polysulfide solvating electrolyte and highly conductive carbon nanotube Buckypaper (CNT-BP) and finds that the sparingly polysulfide solvating electrolyte has better rate capability. This evaluation is an important step towards customizing Li-S batteries for practical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sahin Cangaz, Oliver Lohrberg, Thomas Abendroth, Christian Heubner, Florian Schmidt, Holger Althues, Susanne Doerfler, Alexander Michaelis, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: The study finds that using moderately thick copper current collectors can effectively reduce the mechanical failure caused by volumetric expansion of silicon anode materials, thereby increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stephanie Poetke, Sahin Cangaz, Felix Hippauf, Stefan Haufe, Susanne Doerfler, Holger Althues, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: This study investigates the use of nickel-rich NCM and silicon microparticles as electrode materials in lithium-ion solid-state batteries. By reducing the charge cut-off potential of the cells, the capacity retention after 50 cycles is significantly improved without active pressure control. This concept addresses the volume changes and availability of the anode material, making it suitable for applications such as electric vehicles.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Magdalena Fiedler, Sahin Cangaz, Felix Hippauf, Susanne Doerfler, Thomas Abendroth, Holger Althues, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSB-LiS batteries) are advanced candidates for future energy storage systems due to their enhanced safety and higher energy densities. A solvent-free process to prepare free-standing cathode sheets with low binder content has been demonstrated in this study. The sheet-type cathodes achieve nearly theoretical sulfur utilization and outstanding capacity retention, and an all-solid-state pouch cell using the dry-film cathode shows good performance at different C-rates.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yiran Liu, Meng Zhao, Li-Peng Hou, Zheng Li, Chen-Xi Bi, Zi-Xian Chen, Qian Cheng, Xue-Qiang Zhang, Bo-Quan Li, Stefan Kaskel, Jia-Qi Huang
Summary: Using dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) as a redox comediator can enhance the sulfur redox kinetics and suppress the parasitic reactions in Li-S batteries, resulting in high energy density and long cycling stability.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yunzhe Jiang, Yidong Liu, Sylvain Grosjean, Volodymyr Bon, Patrick Hodapp, Anemar Bruno Kanj, Stefan Kaskel, Stefan Braese, Christof Woell, Lars Heinke
Summary: In this research, we achieved a directed responsive behavior of light-induced deformation by assembling light-powered molecules into a surface-mounted metal-organic framework film. The molecular extension changes were multiplied at the mesoscopic scale and transferred to the macroscopic scale, resulting in the bending of a cantilever and performing work.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kartik Maity, Volodymyr Bon, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: Desolvation of MOFs can lead to pore collapse, but supercritical CO2 drying is a good alternative method. However, some MOFs still collapse during this process. Controlled and partial desolvation can restrict the collapse of the pore structure.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sattwick Haldar, Andreas Schneemann, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: Redox-active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as advanced electrodes in polymer batteries. COFs provide molecular precision for understanding redox mechanisms and increasing the charge-storage capacities. The functional groups on COFs' pore surface provide easily accessible interaction sites and can be used to establish structure-property relationships, combining experimental and computational methods.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francesco Walenszus, Volodymyr Bon, Jack D. Evans, Simon Krause, Juergen Getzschmann, Stefan Kaskel, Muslim Dvoyashkin
Summary: A unique feature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is their structural switchability, which offers a wide range of functionality for sustainable energy applications. This study provides experimental evidence for fluid metastability and history-dependent states during sorption in MOFs, leading to the counterintuitive phenomenon of negative gas adsorption (NGA). The authors used various techniques to examine n-butane molecular dynamics and the framework response during the sorption process, revealing the role of metastable states in the NGA transitions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Florian S. Hoffmann, Florian Schmidt, Jannes Mueller, Kay Schoenherr, Susanne Doerfler, Thomas Abendroth, Holger Althues, Arno Kwade, Nae-Lih Wu, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: In this study, a new low density electrolyte based on hexyl methyl ether (HME) and 1,3-dioxalane (DOL) was introduced, which allows the use of graphite as anode material for Li-S batteries. By using symmetric graphite vs. graphite cells, an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.94% per electrode could be achieved. Furthermore, the cycling conditions for Li-S cells with graphite anodes were optimized for the first time, and the feasibility of the concept was demonstrated in multilayer pouch cells under realistic conditions.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yutong Luo, Leonid Shupletsov, Maria Rita Vega, Adrian Gutierrez-Serpa, Arafat Hossain Khan, Eike Brunner, Irena Senkovska, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: By combining conductive MOFs with CNTs, the electrocatalytic performance for glucose detection can be enhanced, leading to the design of advanced nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmed G. Attallah, Volodymyr Bon, Kartik Maity, Eric Hirschmann, Maik Butterling, Andreas Wagner, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: Atmospheric water harvesting using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising technology for providing clean and long-term water supply in arid areas. In-situ positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been utilized to understand the water sorption mechanism in MOFs and select suitable candidates for desired applications. This study investigated the DUT-67-Zr and DUT-67-Hf frameworks using PALS, revealing the stepwise pore filling mechanism of water molecules in MOFs and offering insights for the design and use of MOFs for water harvesting.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Niklas Unglaube, Marc Florent, Thomas Otto, Adrian Gutierrez-Serpa, Markus Stoetzer, Julia Grothe, Stefan Kaskel, Teresa J. Bandosz
Summary: Activated carbon with modified surface chemistry and porosity effectively removes formaldehyde at room temperature. The addition of nitrogen enhances the adsorption capacity, particularly in ultramicropores, increasing the utilization of the carbon surface.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sattwick Haldar, Arafat H. Khan, Ankita De, Fanny Reichmayr, Ahiud Morag, Minghao Yu, Andreas Schneemann, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: In this study, sulfur is covalently integrated into a polymer through a chemical reaction, enabling it to be used as an electrode material in batteries. This novel electrode material mitigates the dissolution and shuttle effect of sulfur in the batteries, leading to improved cycling stability and reduced overpotential.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Christin Gellrich, Yannik Braeuniger, Ralf Schmidt, Julia Grothe, Stefan Kaskel
Summary: 3D printing of flexible electronics using suitable printable inks is a promising technology. This study presents a sustainable carbon ink for 3D extrusion printing of well-defined, flexible all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors (MSC). The MSCs fabricated using this ink exhibit high areal capacitances and excellent cycle stability even under mechanical stress. Various suspension additives are explored to improve the rheological behavior, conductivity, and electrochemical performance of the MSCs.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shahriyar Safat Dipta, Md Habibur Rahaman, Walia Binte Tarique, Ashraful Hossain Howlader, Ayush Pratik, John A. Stride, Ashraf Uddin
Summary: Implementing a double-sided passivation approach can enhance the performance of n-i-p structured PSCs and improve the stability and photovoltaic properties of the cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Ourinson, Andreas Brand, Andreas Lorenz, Marwan Dhamrin, Sebastian Tepner, Michael Linse, Nathalie Goettlicher, Kosuke Tsuji, Jonas D. Huyeng, Florian Clement
Summary: This work presents two approaches to reduce the amount of silver on the rear side of M2-sized industrial iTOPCon solar cells. The Cu-based approach shows promise with similar power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional approach, while the Al-based approach exhibits some limitations but demonstrates the potential of such type of contact for iTOPCon solar cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abasifreke Ebong, Donald Intal, Sandra Huneycutt, Thad Druffel, Ruvini Dharmadasa, Kevin Elmer, Apolo Nambo
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful metallization of a PERC silicon solar cell using screen-printable copper (Cu) paste. The Cu paste contains antioxidant additives and diffusion inhibitors to prevent oxidation and diffusion of Cu. The Cu-printed cells achieved an efficiency of 19% and showed no Cu diffusion after characterization tests. The long-term stability and effectiveness of the Cu diffusion barrier were also confirmed.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Senami Zogbo, Wilfried Favre, Olivier Bonino, Marie-Estelle Gueunier-Farret
Summary: Measuring specific contact resistivity (pc) is crucial for interface engineering in high efficiency solar cells. The Transfer Length Method (TLM) is commonly used for evaluating layer sheet resistance (Rsheet) and pc, but it is not suitable for metal/Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) interface evaluation in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. This study investigates the parameters that restrict current confinement within the TCO, including mid-gap trap density (Dit) at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and the activation energy (Ea = Ec - EF) variation of a-Si:H contact layers.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: The phenomenon of ribbon lengthening in PV modules exposed to thermal cycling is not well explained in the literature. In this study, a three layers model is proposed to explain this effect, and the predictions of the model are validated through finite element method simulations and experiments. The results show that the model predictions are consistent with the indirect measurements, but not with the direct measurements. Additionally, it is inferred that the encapsulant plays a role after the solder failure.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, Philippe Voarino, Julien Gaume
Summary: This study investigates the problematic ribbon lengthening observed in PV modules exposed to high amplitude thermal cycling. A simplified system model is proposed and accurate predictions are obtained using the Finite Element Method. The results show that the thickness of the encapsulant has a substantial impact on the lengthening of the ribbons.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Catalan-Gomez, E. Martinez Castellano, M. Schwarz, M. Montes Bajo, L. Dorado Vargas, A. Gonzalo, A. Redondo-Cubero, A. Gallego Carro, A. Hierro, J. M. Ulloa
Summary: This study investigates the use of core-shell gallium nanoparticles as functional light scatterers on solar cells. By optimizing the nanoparticle size, the short-circuit current of the solar cells is significantly improved. The underlying physical mechanism is studied through optical measurements and simulations, and a method to reduce the plasmonic effect of the nanoparticles is demonstrated.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Gamel, G. Lopez, A. M. Medrano, A. Jimenez, A. Datas, M. Garin, I. Martin
Summary: In this study, a highly reflective ohmic contact to p-type c-Ge material is demonstrated, which can improve the efficiency of thermophotovoltaic devices. The experimental results show that this contact can simultaneously meet the requirements of good back surface passivation, low electrical resistivity, and high reflectivity. Moreover, simulations suggest that implementing these back contacts has the potential to achieve conversion efficiencies comparable to high-efficiency c-Ge TPV cells.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyang Wei, Qing Xu, Dongchu Chen, Min Chen, Menglei Chang, Xiufang Ye
Summary: This study prepared solar selective absorption films based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) photonic crystals using a unique electrodeposition method. The Co-Ag electrodeposited film exhibited superior solar selective absorption properties and thermal stability.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ankit Kumar, Ankit Chauhan, Jordi Llobet, Helder Fonseca, Patricia C. Sousa, Carlos Calaza, Gil Shalev
Summary: This study found that decorating subwavelength arrays with SiO2 quasi-nanolenses (qNL arrays) can enhance the absorption of the solar spectrum. Optical absorption mechanisms in qNL arrays were investigated using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), revealing that the enhancement is a result of the combination of effective antireflection coating, increased optical interactions between adjacent dielectrics for elevated light trapping, and strong light concentration due to the presence of qNLs.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Pingel, T. Wenzel, N. Goettlicher, M. Linse, L. Folcarelli, J. Schube, S. Hoffmann, S. Tepner, Y. C. Lau, J. Huyeng, A. Lorenz, F. Clement
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential to reduce silver consumption in highly efficient SHJ cells through fine-line screen printing using low temperature paste with various screens. The results show that using finer mesh allows for narrower grid fingers and lower resistance, leading to improved cell efficiency. Simulation results indicate that module wire configuration is crucial for reducing silver consumption.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xibo He, Jun Qiu, Wei Wang, Yicheng Hou, Yong Shuai
Summary: This paper proposes a novel phase change material with high thermal conductivity and stability for fast photo-thermal conversion and storage. The experimental results demonstrate excellent durability and stability of the phase change material, with good performance in thermal conductivity and thermal storage efficiency.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingyuan Liu, Lin Wang, Zheng Liu, Guohua Liu
Summary: A new evaporating structure consisting of liquid marble with tunable nanowire array is proposed to enhance solar evaporation. The experiments show that the liquid marble with nanowire array exhibits outstanding evaporation performance, which has significant implications for seawater desalination or wastewater treatment.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Liu, Qiming Liu, Jinpei Liu, Yonggang Zhao, Yingjie Yu, Yue An, Ganghui Wei, Yanzheng Li, Yujun Fu, Junshuai Li, Deyan He
Summary: Moisture in the air is identified as the main cause of performance degradation in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. Exposure to air leads to the growth of thin oxide layer on the interface and the formation of silver sulfide, increasing the series resistance and decreasing the fill factor, thus degrading the cell performance.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
E. Blanco, P. Martin, M. Dominguez, P. Fernandez-Palacios, I. Lombardero, C. Sanchez-Perez, I. Garcia, C. Algora, M. Gabas
Summary: This study addresses the lack of optical parameters for p-type Ge wafers by determining the complex refractive indices of commercial Ge wafers with varying doping levels. The obtained data successfully reproduces the critical points associated with interband transitions and absorption features below the bandgap. The refractive indices were validated through experimental measurements and solar cell simulations.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2024)