Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Endelibu Goa Yotta
Summary: Learning style refers to learners' preferred way of learning. However, there is often a mismatch between students' learning style differences and the instructional methods used by teachers, resulting in less effective learning and behavior problems. This paper focuses on defining learning dimensions relevant to foreign language classes and examines teachers' classroom practices in accommodating learning style differences. It suggests steps and modalities to address the educational needs of all students in English language classes. The study findings indicate that most EFL teachers in Chamo secondary school, Arba Minch, Ethiopia do not accommodate or address learning style differences in the classroom.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gijsbert Stoet, David C. Geary
Summary: This study investigated the sex differences in career aspirations among adolescents in things-oriented, people-oriented, and STEM careers across 80 countries. The findings showed that in countries with higher levels of women's empowerment, more boys aspired to things-oriented or STEM careers, while more girls aspired to people-oriented careers. This counter-intuitive finding can be explained by the indirect effect of wealth.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Nour Tawil, Leonie Ascone, Simone Kuehn
Summary: Recent studies have shown a universal preference for curved over angular stimuli. Our study confirms this contour effect in photo-realistic indoor environments and finds that images with curved contours receive higher aesthetic and lower stress ratings. We also observe interactions with style and sex in the preference for curved contours.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Pamela M. Prentice, Chloe Mnatzaganian, Thomas M. Houslay, Alex Thornton, Alastair J. Wilson
Summary: Cognition is crucial for survival and reproduction, and it varies between species and individuals. This study on male Poecilia reticulata found differences in spatial learning ability and stress response behavior among individuals. However, the cumulative effects of experience and chronic stress may impact cognitive performance.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Karen E. Lythe, Jennifer A. Gethin, Clifford Workman, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, John F. W. Deakin, Jorge Moll, Roland Zahn
Summary: In this study, the activation of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) in response to self-blaming emotion was re-examined in a larger sample. The results showed that SCC activation is not only seen in individuals prone to self-blame and vulnerable to major depressive disorder (MDD), but is also observed when blame is directed towards others. This suggests that individuals with self-critical tendencies have a more extensive representation of blame in the context of self-agency.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Marc Wyszynski, Adele Diederich
Summary: We conducted two studies to explore the moderating effects of individual intuitive-deliberative cognitive styles and risk styles on the framing effect in Tversky and Kahneman's Unusual Disease problem setting. We assessed framing effects by examining the number of frame-inconsistent choices and comparing the proportions of risky choices under gain-loss framing. In addition, we manipulated factors such as number of affected people, probabilities of surviving/dying, type of disease, and response deadlines. Study 1 utilized a psychophysical data collection approach with 43 undergraduate students performing 480 trials, while Study 2 was an online study involving 262 participants, each completing 80 trials, incorporating psychophysical elements in a social science approach. In both studies, the impact of framing on risky choice proportions was influenced by risk styles. Cognitive styles measured on different scales only moderated the framing effect in Study 2. The effects of disease type, probability of surviving/dying, and number of affected people on risky choice frequencies were also influenced by cognitive styles and risk styles, although the patterns differed between the two studies.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ranin Khayr, Hanin Karawani, Karen Banai
Summary: There are significant individual differences in speech recognition in challenging listening environments. Implicit learning has been identified as a potential factor contributing to these differences. This study investigated the unique contributions of three indices of implicit learning to individual differences in challenging speech recognition. The results showed that the contribution of implicit learning depends on the type of speech challenge and learning task.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gaojie Fan, Krista D. Carlson, Robin D. Thomas
Summary: This study explored cultural differences between Chinese and American students, finding significant differences in operational working memory but no impact of gender. The pattern of correlations among measures also varied between the two cultural groups.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Joel Fitzgerald Linares-Cordova, Sonia Rey-Planellas, Anais Boglino, Jessica A. Jimenez-Rivera, Neil J. Duncan, Gustavo Alejandro Rodriguez-Montes de Oca, Zohar Ibarra-Zatarain
Summary: This study evaluated the differences in stress coping styles and their consistency over time and across contexts in flathead grey mullet juveniles reared in captivity. The results showed that behavioral responses were consistent over time and across tests in most cases. Fish that crossed from the safe to the risky area displayed higher activity and escape attempts, and lower basal levels of cortisol and glucose. This study reported for the first time the consistency of stress coping styles in M. cephalus juveniles.
Article
Neurosciences
Alessia Bonavita, Martina Bellagamba, Paola Verde, Maddalena Boccia, Cecilia Guariglia
Summary: Prism adaptation is a commonly used technique for rehabilitating unilateral spatial neglect, but there is conflicting evidence regarding its effectiveness. This study investigated the role of cognitive style in prism adaptation efficacy by testing healthy participants classified as field-dependent or field-independent. The results showed that field-independent individuals required fewer pointing movements to reduce deviation error during the exposure phase. However, there were no differences in sensory-motor and cognitive after-effects extinction. These findings suggest that cognitive style can influence the effectiveness of prism adaptation.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jarid Goodman
Summary: This article provides a historical review of place and response learning tasks, emphasizing the debate between cognitive learning and S-R learning perspectives. It discusses how either place or response learning may dominate in different learning situations, depending on various factors, as well as the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these types of learning in the mammalian brain. The neurotransmitter systems involved in place and response learning are also examined, highlighting the importance of these tasks in learning theory and the potential future applications in studying extinction, neural circuits of memory, and human psychopathology.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi, Craig Leth-Steensen
Summary: This study developed a quantitative tool to assess cognitive learning styles in individuals on the autism spectrum. The tool consists of 19 items measuring the need for task clarity/familiarity, susceptibility to cognitive load, and the grasping of conceptual relations. This new measure has significant implications for understanding individual differences in cognitive processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nils Kohn, Jan Heidkamp, Guillen Fernandez, Jurgen Futterer, Indira Tendolkar
Summary: Patients suspected of cancer who undergo MRI guided prostate biopsy experience acute stress responses, with changes in affect impacting positive and negative emotions. Factors associated with stress levels include cortisol levels, depression scores, and brain connectivity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alexander J. Pritchard, Alecia J. Carter, Ryne A. Palombit
Summary: The patterning of interactions between individuals over time is fundamental to relationships, which in turn shape social group structure. Individual differences in how individuals respond to stress and uncertainty may impact the emergence of social structure. A study on wild olive baboons in Kenya explored individual coping styles, stress reactivity, and sociality, and investigated their links with social network assortativity, network position, and social dominance rank. The findings suggest that fine-grained investigative approaches are needed to understand the role of individual differences in social structures.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Andrea Urrutia, Oxana Banszegi, Peter Szenczi, Robyn Hudson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the stress response of pet domestic cats to brief confinement in a pet carrier and analyze individual differences across different age groups. The results showed that vocalization can be a good indicator of stress response in cats during such everyday procedures, but facial thermography is not sufficiently reliable in this regard.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Simona Cabib, Paolo Campus, David Conversi, Cristina Orsini, Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
Article
Neurosciences
Lucy Babicola, Marco Pietrosanto, Donald Ielpo, Sebastian Luca D'Addario, Simona Cabib, Rossella Ventura, Fabio Ferlazzo, Manuela Helmer-Citterich, Diego Andolina, Luisa Lo Iacono
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua L. Haight, Paolo Campus, Cristina E. Maria-Rios, Allison M. Johnson, Marin S. Klumpner, Brittany N. Kuhn, Ignacio R. Covelo, Jonathan D. Morrow, Shelly B. Flagel
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marzia Maiolati, Valeria Tarmati, Claudio Latagliata, Simona Cabib, Cristina Orsini
Summary: Individual variability in the response to pharmacological therapies is a major problem in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This study found that C57 and DBA mouse strains have different responses to 5-HTP and fluoxetine in the development of sign-tracking, supporting the hypothesis that genotype-specific neurobiological substrates contribute to variable effects of pharmacotherapies.
BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sofia A. Lopez, Eman Mubarak, Charlotte Yang, Aram Parsegian, Marin Klumpner, Paolo Campus, Shelly B. Flagel
Summary: Environmental cues can guide behavior through learned associations, but for some individuals they may lead to maladaptive motivational states. The goal-tracker (GT)/sign-tracker (ST) animal model captures individual differences in cue-motivated behaviors, showing distinctions in cue-reward learning styles, while no significant differences were observed in stress-related and anxiety-related behaviors between GTs and STs.
Correction
Neurosciences
Brittany N. Kuhn, Paolo Campus, Marin S. Klumpner, Stephen E. Chang, Amanda G. Iglesias, Shelly B. Flagel
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Brittany N. Kuhn, Paolo Campus, Marin S. Klumpner, Stephen E. Chang, Amanda G. Iglesias, Shelly B. Flagel
Summary: The study revealed the important role of the PrL-PVT pathway in vulnerability to relapse due to individual differences in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to discrete reward cues. Inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway selectively decreased cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in ST rats, without affecting behavior in GT rats. This suggests that the top-down cortical input from PrL to PVT plays a significant role in mediating individual differences in relapse propensity.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Luigia Rossi, Francesca Nardecchia, Francesca Pierige, Rossella Ventura, Claudia Carducci, Vincenzo Leuzzi, Mauro Magnani, Simona Cabib, Tiziana Pascucci
Summary: GAMT-D is a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of GAA and the depletion of Cr due to pathogenic variants in the GAMT gene, resulting in severe developmental delay, movement disorder, and epilepsy; the GAMT KO mouse model presents similar biochemical alterations to humans, but behavioral changes are limited and mild.
Article
Neurosciences
Simona Cabib, Claudio Latagliata, Cristina Orsini
Summary: This short review presents the hypothesis that stress-dependent dopamine transmission contributes to developing and maintaining the brain network supporting a cognitive reserve. It also reviews evidence that successful adaptation to stressors involves the development and stabilization of effective coping strategies, dynamic reorganization of functional networks in the adult brain, and the role of dopamine transmission in this process. Furthermore, it discusses the association between age- and disease-dependent cognitive impairment and dysfunctional connectivity within these networks and reduced dopamine transmission.
Article
Neurosciences
Luisa Lo Iacono, Camilla Mancini, Lucy Babicola, Marco Pietrosanto, Matteo Di Segni, Sebastian Luca D'Addario, Diana Municchi, Donald Ielpo, Tiziana Pascucci, Simona Cabib, Fabio Ferlazzo, Francesca R. D'Amato, Diego Andolina, Manuela Helmer-Citterich, Carlo Cifani, Rossella Ventura
Summary: This study used a murine model to investigate the impact of early adversity on VTA-related functions, revealing a greater effect in females compared to males. The transcriptional changes in VTA were mostly observed in females, suggesting that females may possess a specific set of genes that respond to early environmental perturbations.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucy Babicola, Camilla Mancini, Cristina Riccelli, Matteo Di Segni, Alice Passeri, Diana Municchi, Sebastian Luca D'Addario, Diego Andolina, Carlo Cifani, Simona Cabib, Rossella Ventura
Summary: Helplessness is a dysfunctional coping response to stressors associated with psychiatric conditions. This study found that early and adult adversities cumulate to produce helplessness depending on genotype. Female mice with early life experience of the D2 strain showed stronger helplessness under chronic unpredictable stress, while female mice with early life experience of the B6 strain showed weaker helplessness. Furthermore, genotype had an impact on the behavioral and neural responses to stress in female mice.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Simona Cabib, Paolo Campus, Emanuele Claudio Latagliata, Cristina Orsini, Valeria Tarmati
Summary: Dysfunctional active coping strategies play a significant role in the development and persistence of mental disturbances characterized by perseverant and inflexible behavior.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Shelly Flagel, Amanda Iglesias, Paolo Campus
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)