Article
Neurosciences
Sarah E. Latchney, Brayan R. Ruiz Lopez, Paige D. Womble, Katherine J. Blandin, Joaquin N. Lugo
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how conditional deletion of Pten regulates the genesis of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. The results demonstrate that Pten deletion leads to successive increases in cell proliferation and immaturity, with the increase spreading to non-neurogenic areas as mice age. The study also reveals region-specific increases in apoptotic cells that parallel the increases in proliferating cells.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Shonali Dhingra, Federico Calegari
Summary: This article reviews a wealth of research in cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies on the mammalian hippocampus, aiming to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite accumulating knowledge on how the hippocampus processes and stores information for learning and memory, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains incomplete. The article discusses the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and proposes a model that suggests differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades may contribute to subtly different cognitive functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Shawn F. Sorrells, Mercedes F. Paredes, Zhuangzhi Zhang, Gugene Kang, Oier Pastor-Alonso, Sean Biagiotti, Chloe E. Page, Kadellyn Sandoval, Anthony Knox, Andrew Connolly, Eric J. Huang, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Michael C. Oldham, Zhengang Yang, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was initially discovered in rodents, with subsequent studies identifying adult neural stem cells and their links to plasticity, behavior, and disease. The debate continues as to whether new neurons are produced in the human dentate gyrus during healthy aging. Recent research has shown conflicting results regarding the presence of dividing neuronal precursors in the adult human brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews, Divya Bharathi Selvaraj, Akshay Kumar, Syed Aasish Roshan, Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi, Mahesh Kandasamy
Summary: This study investigated the effect of aspirin on spatial memory in ageing experimental mice. Aspirin was found to enhance working memory, increase the number of new neurons in the hippocampus, reduce the number of microglial cells, and decrease the activity of AChE in the blood.
Review
Neurosciences
Jesse D. Cushman, Michael R. Drew, Franklin B. Krasne
Summary: The primary function of juvenile and adult hippocampal neurogenesis appears to be allowing behavioral experience to shape connectivity in the dentate gyrus and optimize hippocampal circuits for future learning. This environmental sculpting reduces overlap among memory representations, provides more information, and allows for more memories to be stored accurately. The decline of neurogenesis prior to adulthood may be explained by this prospective function of sculpting hippocampal circuits.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Luka Culig, Xixia Chu, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Adult neurogenesis is a potential target for extending cognitive healthspan, as aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the role of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms involving key proteins. Interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate aging research targets are summarized, and the outlook for restoring neurogenesis levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration is shared.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Anna S. Berezovskaya, Sergey A. Tyganov, Svetlana D. Nikolaeva, Alexandra A. Naumova, Boris S. Shenkman, Margarita V. Glazova
Summary: Research shows that simulated microgravity environment leads to a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, while dynamic foot stimulation can restore the number of neural progenitor cells. In addition, the microgravity environment inhibits signaling pathways related to neurogenesis, while dynamic foot stimulation can prevent this inhibition.
Article
Neurosciences
Nanami Kasakura, Yuka Murata, Asuka Shindo, Shiho Kitaoka, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki, Kanzo Suzuki, Eri Segi-Nishida
Summary: The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus plays a regulatory role in stress-related emotional behaviors and neurogenesis. NT-3 is expressed in the adult dentate gyrus and is enhanced under chronic stress conditions in rodents. However, the functional modulation of the dentate gyrus by NT-3 signaling is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Chuanqi Liu, Jiayin Liu, Hong Gong, Tianyao Liu, Xin Li, Xiaotang Fan
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by atypical social communication and repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis may play a significant role in the abnormal behaviors observed in ASD. This review summarizes pre-clinical and clinical studies supporting the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of ASD, discusses the potential of enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis as a new therapeutic strategy for ASD, and highlights the prospects of pro-neurogenic therapies for ASD.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Heather Bondi, Valeria Bortolotto, Pier Luigi Canonico, Mariagrazia Grilli
Summary: This study found that astrocytes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of middle-aged mice have different responses to aging. Astrocytes in the dorsal DG showed a significant increase in morphological complexity, while astrocytes in the ventral DG and entorhinal cortex underwent remarkable changes. These findings suggest a new level of complexity in structural changes associated with brain aging.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Virendra Tiwari, Akanksha Mishra, Sonu Singh, Shubha Shukla
Summary: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the functional and developmental unit of neurogenesis, and they have the ability to self-renew and generate new neurons in different neurogenic niches. Neurogenesis in adult brain is associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, particularly in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Impaired neurogenesis has been implicated as a culprit in age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review provides evidence for the association between impaired neurogenesis and AD, and discusses the molecular and cellular regulation of neurogenesis in the young and aging brain. The review also summarizes therapeutic strategies for targeting the manipulation of the neural stem cell pool and factors affecting this pool in AD.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yeonggwang Hwang, Hyoung-Chun Kim, Eun-Joo Shin
Summary: In this study, it was found that repeated BKM120 treatment induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice and these behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. The treatment also affected the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Sebastian B. Arredondo, Daniela Valenzuela-Bezanilla, Sebastian H. Santibanez, Lorena Varela-Nallar
Summary: The subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus is a neurogenic niche that contains neural stem cells capable of generating granule neurons. Wnt ligands play diverse roles in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Understanding the cellular source and mechanisms of Wnt signaling will be crucial for future therapeutic interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Kylie A. Huckleberry, Rebecca M. Shansky
Summary: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus contributes to the formation of a heterogeneous DG with specialized adult-born neurons. More research is needed to consider the unique functions of adult-born neurons and to address critical gaps in current studies.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Fanny Ehret, Ricardo Moreno Traspas, Marie-Theres Neumuth, Bianca Hamann, Daniela Lasse, Gerd Kempermann
Summary: Notch3 is a regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mutations in Notch3 cause CADASIL. CADASIL transgenic mice showed deficits in spatial memory and adult neurogenesis, with Notch3 overexpression resulting in spatial strategy deficits and reduced neurogenesis. The CADASIL mutation had a specific effect on behavior, but not on adult neurogenesis, suggesting a loss of function.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Rand S. Eid, Aarthi R. Gobinath, Liisa A. M. Galea
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Neurosciences
Paul A. S. Sheppard, Elena Choleris, Liisa A. M. Galea
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wansu Qiu, Aarthi R. Gobinath, Yanhua Wen, Jehannine Austin, Liisa A. M. Galea
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wansu Qiu, Travis E. Hodges, Emily L. Clark, Samantha A. Blankers, Liisa A. M. Galea
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dannia Islas-Preciado, Steven R. Wainwright, Julia Sniegocki, Stephanie E. Lieblich, Shunya Yagi, Stan B. Floresco, Liisa A. M. Galea
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kelly J. Murphy, Travis E. Hodges, Paul A. S. Sheppard, Angela K. Troyer, Elizabeth Hampson, Liisa A. M. Galea
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wansu Qiu, Kimberly A. Go, Yvonne Lamers, Liisa A. M. Galea
Summary: Perinatal depression affects 15% of mothers, with SSRIs as the first-line treatment but not always effective. Inflammation and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway (TKP) are associated with SSRI efficacy, with higher neurotoxic pathway metabolite concentrations linked to depression onset. The study in a rodent model of de novo postpartum depression found maternal postpartum CORT increased neurotoxic metabolites and SSRI treatment had limited influence on TKP metabolites.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gina S. Ogilvie, Shanlea Gordon, Laurie W. Smith, Arianne Albert, C. Sarai Racey, Amy Booth, Anna Gottschlich, David Goldfarb, Melanie C. M. Murray, Liisa A. M. Galea, Angela Kaida, Lori A. Brotto, Manish Sadarangani
Summary: The study found that 79.8% of respondents intended to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Factors such as vaccine attitudes, direct social norms, and influencers like family physicians and Provincial Health Officers were associated with intention to vaccinate. However, certain populations, such as females, those with lower education levels, minority groups, Indigenous people, and non-health care workers, reported lower intention to receive the vaccine.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
P. A. Sheppard, T. A. Puri, L. A. Galea
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Jennifer E. Richard, Liisa A. M. Galea
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Amy M. Inkster, Paula Duarte-Guterman, Arianne Y. Albert, Cindy K. Barha, Liisa A. M. Galea, Wendy P. Robinson
Summary: Sex, cognitive impairment diagnosis, and APOE ε4 allele load are not associated with epigenetic age acceleration in Alzheimer's disease, but females exhibit more accelerated epigenetic aging in the transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment using the Skin & Blood clock.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca K. Rechlin, Tallinn F. L. Splinter, Travis E. Hodges, Arianne Y. Albert, Liisa A. M. Galea
Summary: Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but research has not adequately addressed this issue. It is necessary to incorporate sex into study design and analysis, but progress in this area has been insufficient.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shunya Yagi, Amanda Lee, Nadine Truter, Liisa A. M. Galea
Summary: From the results of the study, it can be seen that females showed significant sex differences compared to males in context discrimination. Although fear memory was similar between the two sexes, there were differences in activation patterns in different neural regions, with females showing more negative correlations and activation. These findings highlight the importance of studying sex differences in fear memory and the contribution of adult neurogenesis to the neuronal network.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Tanvi A. Puri, Jennifer E. Richard, Liisa A. M. Galea
Summary: Growing attention is given to the inclusion of females in neuroscience studies and studying sex as a biological variable. However, there is limited research on how female-specific factors like menopause and pregnancy affect the brain. This review focuses on pregnancy as a unique female experience that can impact neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, and cognition, highlighting studies in humans and rodents.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tori N. Stranges, Amanda B. Namchuk, Tallinn F. L. Splinter, Katherine N. Moore, Liisa A. M. Galea
Summary: Sex and gender play a significant role in health outcomes, yet the health of women and 2S/LGBTQ+ individuals is often compromised. The CIHR implemented a framework to incorporate sex and gender analysis into grant proposals, but only a small percentage of funded grants mentioned sex or gender. There is a need for greater emphasis on sex, gender, and health equity populations in research.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)