Article
Neurosciences
Kevin T. Jones, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Adam Gazzaley, Theodore P. Zanto
Summary: Age-related declines in cognitive control can threaten individual independence. This study demonstrates that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can improve cognitive control in older adults by strengthening functional connectivity, particularly in higher frequency bands.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ying Zhao, Christopher R. Cox, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Ajay D. Halai
Summary: Zhao et al. used in vivo structural and functional connectivity to predict various cognitive functions in patients with aphasia. While both types of connectivity can predict these functions, they do not provide additional information beyond the model using lesion information. The results suggest that network-level disorder predicted by lesion alone is sufficient in explaining language impairment.
Article
Neurosciences
Hui Ji, Kelly Payette, Anna Speckert, Ruth Tuura, Patrice Grehten, Raimund Kottke, Nicole Ochseinbein-Koelble, Cornelia Hagmann, Luca Mazzone, Martin Meuli, Beth Padden, Annette Hackenberg, David-Alexander Wille, Ueli Moehrlen, Beatrice Latal, Andras Jakab
Summary: The study examined the associations between thalamocortical connectivity topography, neurological function, and developmental outcomes in newborns with open spina bifida who underwent prenatal surgical repair. The findings suggest that altered thalamocortical circuitry development may contribute to impaired lower extremity function in open spina bifida.
Review
Biophysics
Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva, Andre Monteiro Paschoal, Kaio Felippe Secchinatto, Maria Clara Zanon Zotin, Antonio Carlos dos Santos, Anand Viswanathan, Octavio M. Pontes-Neto, Renata Ferranti Leoni
Summary: The application of contrast agent-free, state-of-the-art MRI techniques, particularly DTI and fMRI, provide a complete understanding of brain damage and structural and functional connectivity impairment related to cSVD. These techniques contribute to identifying cSVD markers and exploring unanswered questions.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Adam R. Bothwell, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci, Qu Tian
Summary: In aging, olfactory deficits have been associated with lower cognition and motor function. Olfactory dysfunction is also one of the earliest features of neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the relationship between brain structural and functional measures and olfaction in older adults, highlighting that lower olfactory function is associated with smaller volumes in specific brain areas important for motor function and cognition, especially memory. Future longitudinal studies with neuroimaging across different brain areas are needed to understand the neurobiological changes underlying olfactory changes in the aging brain and the progression of neurodegeneration.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Pan Wang, Yuan Jiang, Matthew J. Hoptman, Yilu Li, Qingquan Cao, Pushti Shah, Benjamin Klugah-Brown, Bharat B. Biswal
Summary: Schizophrenia is characterized by altered integration between large-scale functional networks and cortical-subcortical pathways. This study explores the role of deep callosal organization in modulating cortical functional activities through white matter in schizophrenia using a data-driven method. The findings suggest that connectivity deficits in callosal-white matter-cortical circuits may contribute to the symptoms and cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sung Ho Jang, Min Jye Cho
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the nigrostriatal tract (NST) and the corticospinal tract (CST) with motor function in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. The results showed a strong positive correlation between the tract volume of ipsilesional NST and fractional anisotropy and the tract volume of ipsilesional CST with the Motricity Index score. The study also found that NST indirectly influenced the motor function of affected extremities through CST.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Eunkyung Kim, Hyejin Kang, Kyu-Hee Han, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Myung-Whan Suh, Jae-Jin Song, Seung-Ha Oh
Summary: The study found that late-onset deaf individuals showed changes in white matter integrity compared to hearing group, with decreased FA and increased RD in several white matter areas. Early-onset deaf group did not show significant differences. In late-onset deaf group, onset-age was positively correlated with RD and negatively correlated with FA, while in early-onset deaf group, white matter integrity was not correlated with onset age.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Stephanie Matijevic, Lee Ryan
Summary: The study found that age and sex have an impact on the cerebral white matter integrity of older adults, with a more significant effect on certain white matter tracts. Females exhibited lower global FA compared to males, but had higher MD in the anterior cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Age influenced both global FA and specific tract FA, while APOE epsilon 4 status did not show predictive power.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah N. Kraeutner, Cristina Rubino, Jennifer K. Ferris, Shie Rinat, Lauren Penko, Larissa Chiu, Brian Greeley, Christina B. Jones, Beverley C. Larssen, Lara A. Boyd
Summary: This study examined the age-related changes in brain function and baseline brain structure that support motor skill acquisition. The findings showed that older adults experienced decreases in functional connectivity during motor skill acquisition, while younger adults experienced increases. Additionally, regardless of age group, lower baseline microstructure in a frontoparietal tract was associated with slower motor skill acquisition.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Anees Abrol, Zening Fu, Yuhui Du, Tony W. W. Wilson, Yu-Ping Wang, Julia M. M. Stephen, Vince D. D. Calhoun
Summary: The brain's functional architecture and organization undergo continuous development and modification throughout adolescence. This study systematically evaluated over 47,000 youth and adult brains to examine time-resolved functional connectivity patterns and found distinct differences between the two life stages, indicating an overall inverted U-shaped trajectory in the strengthening and modularization of functional coupling. These findings suggest greater synchrony and integration of the brain's functional connections beyond adolescence, with a gradual decline during healthy aging.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mahsa Dolatshahi, Farnam Mohebi, Agaah Ashrafi, Habibolah Khazaie, Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
Summary: Primary insomnia (PI) is characterized by difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep along with daytime functioning deficits. DTI studies have shown that patients with PI exhibit white matter disruptions, particularly in frontostriatal, frontothalamic, and corticocortical neural networks, shedding light on the potential etiology and pathology of the disorder. The findings suggest that future research should focus on the neural network alterations in PI patients to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the condition.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Anna J. E. Combes, Baxter P. Rogers, Kurt G. Schilling, Richard D. Lawless, Mereze Visagie, Delaney Houston, Logan Prock, Shekinah Malone, Sanjana Satish, Atlee A. Witt, Colin D. McKnight, Francesca Bagnato, John C. Gore, Seth A. Smith
Summary: Focal lesions can impact the functional connectivity of the ventral and dorsal networks in the cervical spinal cord of individuals with RRMS. This study examines the relationship between alterations in connectivity and damage in normal-appearing tissue. The results suggest that increased connectivity in response to structural damage may play a compensatory role in preserving sensory function in RRMS.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emma L. Ducca, Gabriela T. Gomez, Priya Palta, Kevin J. Sullivan, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Jeremy Walston, B. Gwen Windham, Keenan A. Walker
Summary: The study found a strong association between cerebral white matter structure and current and future frailty. Specifically, white matter hyperintensity volume was significantly associated with frailty. However, measures of white matter microstructure were not generally associated with progression from nonfrail to frail status.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xuefei Zhang, Yu Shi, Tao Fan, Kangling Wang, Hongrui Zhan, Wen Wu
Summary: This study used graph theory to analyze structural networks and explored the structural connectivity-functional connectivity coupling of multi-scale brain networks in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). The results showed that the structural network in PSD was characterized by reduced clustering, increased path length, and lower modularity.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Heather M. Hill, Laura A. Swink, Karen E. Atler, Abby K. Anderson, Brett W. Fling, Arlene A. Schmid
Summary: The study aimed to explore the effects of a falls-risk management intervention on fatigue and activity and participation measures for Parkinson's disease patients. Results showed a significant correlation between fatigue and activity and participation measures, with improvements in the latter after the intervention. Qualitative analysis revealed four themes related to fatigue and/or activity and participation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Arianna D. Odom, Sutton B. Richmond, Brett W. Fling
Summary: The study found that patients with multiple sclerosis have lower microstructural integrity in the cerebellar peduncles, with significant associations between the white matter microstructure of the inferior peduncle and proprioceptive-based balance control, as well as between the white matter microstructure of the middle peduncle and visual-based balance control. Patients with multiple sclerosis may rely more on cerebellar-regulated proprioceptive and visual-based balance control compared to healthy controls.
Article
Neurosciences
Sutton B. Richmond, Tyler T. Whittier, Daniel S. Peterson, Brett W. Fling
Summary: This study is the first to establish connections between the microstructural integrity of the CSP and multi-dimensional postural control performance in individuals with MS. The results indicate that a reduction in the CSP microstructural integrity is associated with poorer postural control in PwMS.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
K. E. Hupfeld, C. W. Swanson, B. W. Fling, R. D. Seidler
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel S. Peterson, Katrijn Smulders, Martina Mancini, John G. Nutt, Fay B. Horak, Brett W. Fling
Summary: The study found that freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not associated with inefficient response inhibition. PD patients exhibited white matter loss in the response inhibition network, but this was not related to FoG, suggesting that FoG-specific neural changes may occur outside the response inhibition network.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jordan D. Chamberlain, Holly Gagnon, Poortata Lalwani, Kaitlin E. Cassady, Molly Simmonite, Rachael D. Seidler, Stephan F. Taylor, Daniel H. Weissman, Denise C. Park, Thad A. Polk
Summary: With aging, there is a decline in neural distinctiveness which may be related to a decrease in GABA levels, leading to less distinct neural activation patterns in the ventral visual cortex of older adults.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tyler Fettrow, Kathleen Hupfeld, Grant Tays, David J. Clark, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Rachael D. Seidler
Summary: Studies have shown that older adults exhibit increased brain activity when performing cognitive tasks, which may indicate neural dysfunction or neural compensation. Including multiple task difficulty levels in future research can lead to a more advanced understanding of age-related changes in locomotor brain activity and support the development of targeted neural rehabilitation techniques.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tian Bao, Fatemeh Noohi, Catherine Kinnaird, Wendy J. Carender, Vincent J. Barone, Geeta Peethambaran, Susan L. Whitney, Rachael D. Seidler, Kathleen H. Sienko
Summary: Long-term balance training with vibrotactile sensory augmentation has sustained effects on balance improvement and induces changes in brain activity pattern among community-dwelling healthy older adults.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tyler T. Whittier, Zachary D. Weller, Brett W. Fling
Summary: TENS, a method of electrical stimulation, reduces uncertainty in sensory information and improves clinical metrics. Using a Bayesian inference model, this study found that TENS decreased uncertainty in center of mass position estimates, supporting the observed benefits of TENS.
Article
Neurosciences
Grant D. Tays, Kathleen E. Hupfeld, Heather R. McGregor, Nichole E. Beltran, Igor S. Kofman, Yiri E. De Dios, Edwin R. Mulder, Jacob J. Bloomberg, Ajitkumar P. Mulavara, Scott J. Wood, Rachael D. Seidler
Summary: Altered vestibular signaling and body unloading in microgravity leads to sensory reweighting and adaptation. The effectiveness of daily artificial gravity (AG) for mitigating brain and/or behavioral changes in 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) was examined. Results showed that the AG group exhibited similar behavioral adaptation effects as the control group (CTRLs), but had reduced brain activation in certain areas during the late HDBR phase. These findings suggest that AG may lead to a reduced recruitment of brain activity for motor processes and sensorimotor adaptation.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Andrew C. C. Hagen, Jordan S. S. Acosta, Chaia S. S. Geltser, Brett W. W. Fling
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes degradation of the myelin sheath and impaired neural communication. Split-belt treadmill training can improve gait symmetry in MS patients, with those most asymmetrical at baseline showing the greatest improvement. Step length asymmetry (SLA) and phase coordination index (PCI) were used as primary outcome measures to assess spatial and temporal gait symmetries. The study found that MS patients retain the ability for gait adaptation and that spatial and temporal locomotor adjustments may involve separate neural mechanisms.
Article
Neurosciences
Heather R. McGregor, Jessica K. Lee, Edwin R. Mulder, Yiri E. De Dios, Nichole E. Beltran, Scott J. Wood, Jacob J. Bloomberg, Ajitkumar P. Mulavara, Rachael D. Seidler
Summary: The study investigated how artificial gravity (AG) alters resting-state brain functional connectivity changes during head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR), a spaceflight analog. The results showed that AG can change the brain functional connectivity during HDBR and reduce balance and mobility declines. These findings suggest that AG could be an effective countermeasure for the reduced somatosensory stimulation that occurs in microgravity and HDBR.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Clayton W. Swanson, Brett W. Fling, Manuel Grana
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of motor cortex thickness and corticospinal excitation and inhibition on turning performance in healthy controls and people with multiple sclerosis. The results showed that people with multiple sclerosis exhibited reduced turning performance and significant cortical thinning of the motor cortex. While no significant reductions in excitatory neurotransmission were observed, a reduction in inhibitory activity was found. The study suggests that both cortical thickness and inhibitory activity are associated with turning performance in people with multiple sclerosis.
Article
Rehabilitation
Laura A. Swink, Brett W. Fling, Julia L. Sharp, Christine A. Fruhauf, Karen E. Atler, Arlene A. Schmid
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN HEALTH CARE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laurie A. King, Martina Mancini, Katrijn Smulders, Graham Harker, Jodi A. Lapidus, Katrina Ramsey, Patricia Carlson-Kuhta, Brett W. Fling, John G. Nutt, Daniel S. Peterson, Fay B. Horak
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2020)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah N. Kraeutner, Cristina Rubino, Jennifer K. Ferris, Shie Rinat, Lauren Penko, Larissa Chiu, Brian Greeley, Christina B. Jones, Beverley C. Larssen, Lara A. Boyd
Summary: This study examined the age-related changes in brain function and baseline brain structure that support motor skill acquisition. The findings showed that older adults experienced decreases in functional connectivity during motor skill acquisition, while younger adults experienced increases. Additionally, regardless of age group, lower baseline microstructure in a frontoparietal tract was associated with slower motor skill acquisition.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Karen Nuytemans, Farid Rajabli, Melissa Jean-Francois, Jiji Thulaseedhara Kurup, Larry D. Adams, Takiyah D. Starks, Patrice L. Whitehead, Brian W. Kunkle, Allison Caban-Holt, Jonathan L. Haines, Michael L. Cuccaro, Jeffery M. Vance, Goldie S. Byrd, Gary W. Beecham, Christiane Reitz, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Summary: This study conducted genetic research on African American AD families and identified a significant linkage signal associated with AD, highlighting the importance of diverse population-level genetic data in understanding the genetic determinants of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kazuya Suwabe, Ryuta Kuwamizu, Kazuki Hyodo, Toru Yoshikawa, Takeshi Otsuki, Asako Zempo-Miyaki, Michael A. Yassa, Hideaki Soya
Summary: Physical exercise has a positive impact on hippocampal memory decline with aging. Recent studies have shown that even light exercise can improve memory and this improvement is mediated by the ascending arousal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light-intensity exercise on hippocampal memory function in healthy older adults and found that pupil dilation during exercise played a role in the memory improvement.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ajay Sood, Ana Werneck Capuano, Robert Smith Wilson, Lisa Laverne Barnes, Alifiya Kapasi, David Alan Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis
Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the impact of metformin on cognition and brain pathology. The results showed that metformin users had slower decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and semantic memory compared to non-users. However, the relationship between metformin use and certain brain pathology remains uncertain.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Brian N. Lee, Junwen Wang, Molly A. Hall, Dokyoon Kim, Shana D. Stites, Li Shen
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and functional impairments. This study analyzed participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and found differential associations between cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)/neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive/functional outcomes, as well as variations between sexes. These findings suggest that sex differences may play a role in the development of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Madeline R. Hale, Rebecca Langhough, Lianlian Du, Bruce P. Hermann, Carol A. Van Hulle, Margherita Carboni, Gwendlyn Kollmorgenj, Kristin E. Basche, Davide Bruno, Leah Sanson-Miles, Erin M. Jonaitis, Nathaniel A. Chin, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Barbara B. Bendlin, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Tobey J. Betthauser, Sterling C. Johnson, Kimberly D. Mueller
Summary: This study demonstrates a relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and the ability to recall proper names in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Thomas T. Austin, Christian L. Thomas, Ben Warren
Summary: This study investigated the effects of age on the robustness and resilience of auditory system using the desert locust. The researchers found that gene expression changes were mainly influenced by age rather than noise exposure. Both young and aged locusts were able to recover their auditory nerve function within 48 hours of noise exposure, but the recovery of transduction current magnitude was impaired in aged locusts. Key genes responsible for robustness to noise exposure in young locusts and potential candidates for compensatory mechanisms in auditory neurons of aged locusts were identified.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
