Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica A. Bernard
Summary: With the growing population of older adults, understanding brain and cognitive aging, especially the role of the cerebellum, is crucial. Integrating the cerebellum into models of cognitive aging is a significant step forward and could enhance our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cedric Gollion, Fleur Lerebours, Federico Nemmi, Germain Arribarat, Fabrice Bonneville, Vincent Larrue, Patrice Peran
Summary: This study found a functional connectivity between the insula subregions and vermis VI in patients with migraine with aura during the resting state. This connectivity may reflect the cardiovascular features of migraine with aura.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Raihaan Patel, Clare E. Mackay, Michelle G. Jansen, Gabriel A. Devenyi, M. Clare O'Donoghue, Mika Kivimaeki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Eniko Zsoldos, Klaus P. Ebmeier, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Sana Suri
Summary: This study examines the relationship between cognitive decline and brain structure in older age. By analyzing cognitive performance assessments and brain magnetic resonance images of a group of older individuals, the study identifies two distinct brain-cognition associations and highlights the complex relationship between cortical structure and cognitive abilities.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kayela Arrotta, Anny Reyes, Erik Kaestner, Carrie R. McDonald, Bruce P. Hermann, William B. Barr, Nehaw Sarmey, Swetha Sundar, Efstathios Kondylis, Imad Najm, William Bingaman, Robyn M. Busch
Summary: This study identified four cognitive phenotypes in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) that were largely indistinguishable in clinical and demographic features, aside from education and extent of epileptogenic zone.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Johannes Stalter, Vinuya Yogeswaran, Wolfgang Vogel, Peter Soeroes, Christian Mathys, Karsten Witt
Summary: This study investigates age-dependent cerebellar changes in healthy participants before the age of 70 using non-linear methods and the spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT) toolbox. The results show gray matter (GM) volume loss in the right cerebellar region of older participants, which is functionally related to non-motor networks and cognitive tasks regions of the cerebellum.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zai-Fu Yao, Shulan Hsieh
Summary: Explored age differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe. Found that older adults had slower reaction time and lower efficiency in selecting stimulus-response mappings as abstraction levels increased. Brain imaging indicated hierarchical organization trends along the rostro-caudal axis, and neural dedifferentiation was observed in older adults. Behavioral performance and age difference activations were associated with working memory capacity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wataru Sako, Takashi Abe, Yuki Matsumoto, Kazumi Nakamura, Shotaro Haji, Yusuke Osaki, Masafumi Harada, Yuishin Izumi
Summary: This study identified networks related to each cognitive domain in Parkinson's disease using resting-state functional MRI. Six networks were associated with visuospatial-executive, naming, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation domains. Cerebellar lobule VII and Brodmann area 10 were highlighted as playing key roles in cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Wei Li, Yong Li, Yaopian Chen, Ling Yue, Shifu Xiao
Summary: This study found that physical exercise may be a protective factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older Chinese individuals. Physical exercise is also associated with executive function and the thickness of the cerebellar cortex.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan W. S. Wee, Adina Nash, Heather Angus-Leppan
Summary: This study aims to comprehensively phenotype frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and differentiate it from other epilepsy syndromes. The results show that FLE is distinct from generalized epilepsy and has differences in clinical features and EEG/MRI findings compared to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Li, Xiaoyan Miao, Buxin Han, Juan Li
Summary: Hearing impairment is a significant modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This study examines the association between central hearing ability in real-world conditions and cognitive aging. The findings suggest that higher hearing thresholds are linked to lower performance in memory, executive function, working memory, reading, and vocabulary comprehension. Furthermore, cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal cortex acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between central hearing and cognitive performance.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Patricia Gil-Paterna, Tomas Furmark
Summary: This paper presents a mini-review of studies using magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the involvement of the cerebellum in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders. The results show mixed findings, but suggest that structures within the cerebellum, such as the vermis, are highly involved in these disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand the neurofunctional and structural alterations in the cerebellum related to excessive anxiety and trauma.
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yann Cojan, Arnaud Saj, Patrik Vuilleumier
Summary: This study identified the neural substrates of different spatial processing components contributing to neglect symptoms. Results showed the critical role of the right lateral parietal cortex in bisection, while lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes were more critical for visual search in patients with focal right brain damage. The data support the existence of distinct components in spatial attentional processes damaged to different degrees in neglect patients.
Article
Biology
Arianna D. Cascone, Stephanie Langella, Miriam Sklerov, Eran Dayan
Summary: The study by Arianna Cascone et al. on Parkinson's disease (PD) investigates the relationship between frontoparietal brain network resilience and cognitive decline. Their findings suggest that individuals with PD and cognitive decline show reduced tolerance to network attacks in the frontoparietal network. The study demonstrates that the topological robustness of the frontoparietal network is associated with the absence of cognitive decline in individuals with PD.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan, Ilana J. Bennett, Craig El Stark
Summary: Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have allowed the non-invasive investigation of the microstructure of gray matter. This study examined whether certain diffusion metrics commonly used in gray matter provide enough additional information to justify the increased acquisition time. The results showed that the integration of these measures improved the predictive power of the models used, suggesting that they may capture independent microstructural information.
Article
Neurosciences
Laura C. Rice, Anila M. D'Mello, Catherine J. Stoodley
Summary: The human cerebellum contributes to both motor and non-motor processes, with different subregions supporting sensorimotor and broader cognitive functions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting different cerebellar regions had differential effects on language task performance and whole-brain functional activation patterns, with tDCS on the right posterolateral cerebellum improving task accuracy and increasing activation in task-relevant brain regions. In contrast, tDCS targeting the sensorimotor cerebellum did not impact task performance significantly.
Article
Orthopedics
Nicholas J. Murphy, Laura E. Diamond, Kim L. Bennell, Alexander Burns, Edward Dickenson, Jillian Eyles, Camdon Fary, Stuart M. Grieve, Damian R. Griffin, Young Jo Kim, James M. Linklater, David G. Lloyd, Robert Molnar, Rachel L. O'Connell, John O'Donnell, Sunny Randhawa, Parminder J. Singh, Libby Spiers, Phong Tran, Tim Wrigley, David J. Hunter
Summary: The age of symptom onset in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is mainly predicted by the measurement of femoral and acetabular morphology, while symptom severity is predominantly determined by patient factors. The measured factors explained only a small amount of variance in the data, suggesting that there may be other unmeasured factors that have a greater influence on the condition.
Review
Anesthesiology
Jonathon P. Fanning, Samuel F. Huth, Chiara Robba, Stuart M. Grieve, David Highton
Summary: Noncardiac surgery carries a significant risk of secondary organ dysfunction and injury, with neurocognitive dysfunction and covert stroke emerging as major forms of perioperative organ dysfunction. Advances in neuroimaging and monitoring techniques now allow for noninvasive assessment of cerebral perfusion and neurologic function at the bedside, providing potential avenues for optimizing tissue perfusion and delivering neuroprotection in the setting of noncardiac surgery.
Article
Hematology
Stephen T. Vernon, Katharine A. Kott, Thomas Hansen, Meghan Finemore, Karl W. Baumgart, Ravinay Bhindi, Jean Yang, Peter S. Hansen, Stephen J. Nicholls, David S. Celermajer, Michael R. Ward, Sheryl A. van Nunen, Stuart M. Grieve, Gemma A. Figtree
Summary: Alpha-Gal sensitization is associated with coronary artery disease burden, noncalcified plaque, and obstructive CAD, and occurs at a higher frequency in STEMI patients.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gemma A. Figtree, Stephen T. Vernon, Stuart M. Grieve, Ioanna Kosmidou
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kate Sutherland, Garett Smith, Aimee B. Lowth, Nina Sarkissian, Steven Liebman, Stuart M. Grieve, Peter A. Cistulli
Summary: This study investigated the effects of significant weight loss on the upper airway and surrounding soft tissues in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The results showed an increase in velopharyngeal volume, a reduction in tongue volume, and a decrease in intra-tissue fat in multiple upper airway soft tissues following weight loss. These findings suggest that weight loss may have positive effects on OSA by reducing fat around and within the airway tissues.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Genevieve Coorey, Gemma A. Figtree, David F. Fletcher, Victoria J. Snelson, Stephen Thomas Vernon, David Winlaw, Stuart M. Grieve, Alistair McEwan, Jean Yee Hwa Yang, Pierre Qian, Kieran O'Brien, Jessica Orchard, Jinman Kim, Sanjay Patel, Julie Redfern
Summary: Precision medicine in cardiovascular disease has the potential to benefit from the concept of digital twins, where virtual representations of patients receive real-time updates on various data variables to predict diseases and optimize treatment selection. Through a systematic literature review, it was found that digital twin research in the field of cardiovascular disease is interdisciplinary and globally established, with numerical simulation models being the main focus. However, implementation challenges include ethical constraints and clinical barriers to the adoption of decision tools based on artificial intelligence systems.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Nicholas J. Murphy, Jillian Eyles, Libby Spiers, Emily Davidson, Young Jo Kim, James M. Linklater, Kim L. Bennell, Damian R. Griffin, Gillian Heller, John O'Donnell, Stephan Reichenbach, David J. Hunter
Summary: This study explored potential moderators, mediators, and prognostic indicators of the effect of hip arthroscopy and physical therapy on the change in iHOT-33 score for FAI syndrome. The results showed that no important factors were identified that affect the change in iHOT-33 score.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gemma A. Figtree, Philip D. Adamson, Charalambos Antoniades, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michael Blaha, Matthew Budoff, David S. Celermajer, Mark Y. Chan, Clara K. Chow, Damini Dey, Girish Dwivedi, Nicola Giannotti, Stuart M. Grieve, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Jason C. Kovacic, James K. Min, David E. Newby, Sanjay Patel, Karlheinz Peter, Peter J. Psaltis, Stephen T. Vernon, Dennis T. Wong, Stephen J. Nicholls
Summary: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of adult mortality globally. Improvements in imaging techniques have provided a better understanding of different phenotypes of coronary atherosclerosis, which are associated with different risks for acute ischemic events. Noninvasive coronary imaging techniques have the potential to accelerate cardiovascular drug development and reduce costs and timelines.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sina Fathieh, Stuart M. Grieve, Kazuaki Negishi, Gemma A. Figtree
Summary: Ambient air pollution is globally recognized as a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases. The evidence from human and animal studies has shown the impact of air pollution on the cardiovascular system, involving various pathophysiological pathways and mediators. This review summarizes the activated mediators for each pathway that lead to myocardial and vascular injury in response to different air pollutants. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the causal contributions of specific pathways and markers in assessing individual exposure, response, and risk.
HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Morgane Evin, David Joannic, Aurelien Monnet, David F. Fletcher, Stuart M. Grieve, Jean-Francois Fontaine, Alain Lalande
Summary: This study explores the use of MRI patient data to assess the functioning of artificial heart valves. By utilizing 4D Phase-Contrast MRI and conducting experimental tests, the Effective Orifice Area (EOA) of the valves is evaluated and variation is observed. The results demonstrate the potential of MRI in assessing valve function and provide recommendations for clinical application.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jiaxing Jason Qin, Peyman Obeidy, Mustafa Gok, Alireza Gholipour, Stuart M. M. Grieve
Summary: The current intervention guidelines for BAV-associated AAo dilatation are not accurate predictors of clinical outcomes. This review examines the relationship between WSS and aortopathy in the BAV population, aiming to identify better biomarkers for risk stratification. The review includes 26 studies that demonstrate the elevated WSS magnitude and circumferential WSS in BAV patients, highlighting the potential of WSS as a valid biomarker for BAV aortopathy.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dantong Zhu, Stephen T. Vernon, Zac D'Agostino, Jingqin Wu, Corey Giles, Adam S. Chan, Katharine A. Kott, Michael P. Gray, Alireza Gholipour, Owen Tang, Habtamu B. Beyene, Ellis Patrick, Stuart M. Grieve, Peter J. Meikle, Gemma A. Figtree, Jean Y. H. Yang
Summary: The current CAD risk scores based on traditional risk factors often fail individuals. We aim to identify lipidomic biomarkers using non-invasive imaging technology and advanced lipidomic measurement to enable intervention before cardiovascular events.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael P. Gray, Yemima Berman, Giordano Botta, Stuart M. Grieve, Amy Ho, Jessica Hu, Karice Hyun, Jodie Ingles, Garry Jennings, Gary Kilov, Jean-Frederic Levesque, Peter Meikle, Julie Redfern, Tim Usherwood, Stephen T. Vernon, Stephen J. Nicholls, Gemma A. Figtree, P. P. P. C. A. D. Collaborators N. S. W. PPP CAD Collaborators NSW
Summary: This study aims to use a novel clinical pathway incorporating a coronary artery disease (CAD) polygenic risk score (PRS) to identify individuals with subclinical CAD and triage low or moderate risk individuals for noninvasive coronary imaging, in order to improve risk prediction and treatment decisions. The study will evaluate the ability of the PRS to identify subclinical CAD and examine its impact on risk factor management, pharmacotherapy utilization, and participant experience.
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katharine A. Kott, Elijah Genetzakis, Michael P. Gray, Peter Hansen, Helen M. Mcguire, Jean Y. Yang, Stuart M. Grieve, Stephen T. Vernon, Gemma A. Figtree
Summary: Researchers found that serum sLOX-1 is associated with the severity and incidence of CAD, especially in the population without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs), suggesting that sLOX-1 can be a useful biomarker for risk prediction.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jiaxing Jason Qin, Ben Indja, Alireza Gholipour, Mustafa Gok, Stuart M. Grieve
Summary: There is increasing recognition of the value of four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D-flow MRI) in detecting and measuring abnormal flow behavior in early left ventricular dysfunction. This systematic review examines the current literature on the role of 4D-flow MRI-derived flow parameters in quantifying left ventricular function, with a focus on potential clinical applicability. However, there is considerable variability in methodologies and analyses, limiting the collective power of the studies in evaluating clinical applicability. Larger scale investigations and standardization of methodologies are needed for broader clinical application of 4D-flow MRI.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah N. Kraeutner, Cristina Rubino, Jennifer K. Ferris, Shie Rinat, Lauren Penko, Larissa Chiu, Brian Greeley, Christina B. Jones, Beverley C. Larssen, Lara A. Boyd
Summary: This study examined the age-related changes in brain function and baseline brain structure that support motor skill acquisition. The findings showed that older adults experienced decreases in functional connectivity during motor skill acquisition, while younger adults experienced increases. Additionally, regardless of age group, lower baseline microstructure in a frontoparietal tract was associated with slower motor skill acquisition.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Karen Nuytemans, Farid Rajabli, Melissa Jean-Francois, Jiji Thulaseedhara Kurup, Larry D. Adams, Takiyah D. Starks, Patrice L. Whitehead, Brian W. Kunkle, Allison Caban-Holt, Jonathan L. Haines, Michael L. Cuccaro, Jeffery M. Vance, Goldie S. Byrd, Gary W. Beecham, Christiane Reitz, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Summary: This study conducted genetic research on African American AD families and identified a significant linkage signal associated with AD, highlighting the importance of diverse population-level genetic data in understanding the genetic determinants of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kazuya Suwabe, Ryuta Kuwamizu, Kazuki Hyodo, Toru Yoshikawa, Takeshi Otsuki, Asako Zempo-Miyaki, Michael A. Yassa, Hideaki Soya
Summary: Physical exercise has a positive impact on hippocampal memory decline with aging. Recent studies have shown that even light exercise can improve memory and this improvement is mediated by the ascending arousal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light-intensity exercise on hippocampal memory function in healthy older adults and found that pupil dilation during exercise played a role in the memory improvement.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ajay Sood, Ana Werneck Capuano, Robert Smith Wilson, Lisa Laverne Barnes, Alifiya Kapasi, David Alan Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis
Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the impact of metformin on cognition and brain pathology. The results showed that metformin users had slower decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and semantic memory compared to non-users. However, the relationship between metformin use and certain brain pathology remains uncertain.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Brian N. Lee, Junwen Wang, Molly A. Hall, Dokyoon Kim, Shana D. Stites, Li Shen
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and functional impairments. This study analyzed participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and found differential associations between cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)/neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive/functional outcomes, as well as variations between sexes. These findings suggest that sex differences may play a role in the development of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Madeline R. Hale, Rebecca Langhough, Lianlian Du, Bruce P. Hermann, Carol A. Van Hulle, Margherita Carboni, Gwendlyn Kollmorgenj, Kristin E. Basche, Davide Bruno, Leah Sanson-Miles, Erin M. Jonaitis, Nathaniel A. Chin, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Barbara B. Bendlin, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Tobey J. Betthauser, Sterling C. Johnson, Kimberly D. Mueller
Summary: This study demonstrates a relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and the ability to recall proper names in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Thomas T. Austin, Christian L. Thomas, Ben Warren
Summary: This study investigated the effects of age on the robustness and resilience of auditory system using the desert locust. The researchers found that gene expression changes were mainly influenced by age rather than noise exposure. Both young and aged locusts were able to recover their auditory nerve function within 48 hours of noise exposure, but the recovery of transduction current magnitude was impaired in aged locusts. Key genes responsible for robustness to noise exposure in young locusts and potential candidates for compensatory mechanisms in auditory neurons of aged locusts were identified.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
