Cooperation and competition between lateral and medial perforant path synapses in the dentate gyrus

It has been suggested that non-spatial and spatial pieces of information are transmitted to the dentate gyrus from entorhinal cortex layer II through the lateral and medial perforant paths (LPP and MPP), which establish synapses on granule cell dendrites in the outer and middle one-thirds of the dentate molecular layer, respectively. In the present paper, we first investigated cooperation and competition between MPP and LPP synapses being subject to STDP rules, using a four-compartmental granule cell model. MPP and LPP were stimulated simultaneously by periodic and random pulse trains, respectively. Both synapses were gradually enhanced by cooperation between those synapses in the early stage, and then either the MPP or the LPP synapse was rapidly enhanced through synaptic competition in the following stage, depending on their initial synaptic conductances. The dominant cause of synaptic competition is that the distance between the MPP synapse and the soma is shorter than that between the LPP synapse and the soma. These results suggest that the LPP and MPP synapses tend to be enhanced in the dentate supra- and infrapyramidal blades, respectively, taking account of the thickness of each of the LPP and MPP fiber laminae in the blades. The dentate gyrus may select spatial and non-spatial pieces of information through synaptic cooperation, and may open a gate for each piece of information through synaptic competition. Then we investigated the role of inhibitory local circuits in synaptic competition in the dentate gyrus. The feed-forward GABA(B) inhibition suppressed unusual high-frequency firing of the granule cell, and consequently prevented excessive synaptic depression due to synaptic competition through STDP. The feed-forward and feedback GABA(A) inhibitions tend to reduce synaptic conductance fluctuations resulting from large increments and decrements due to very small spike-timings happening occasionally. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.