Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chongchong Feng, Chengxun Jin, Kexin Liu, Zecheng Yang
Summary: Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a crucial role in protecting the intestinal barrier and regulating the immune response during infections. Recent studies have shown that viral infections can alter the local microbiota and SCFA synthesis, and low SCFA levels have been linked to an increased risk of contracting viral infections. This article critically analyzes the function of SCFAs during various viral infections, discussing and summarizing their impacts and action mechanisms.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ziang Zhu, Tong Li, Jinya Chen, Jai Kumar, Princy Kumar, Jing Qin, Colleen Hadigan, Irini Sereti, Jason V. Baker, Marta Catalfamo
Summary: This study examines the impact of HIV infection on endothelial inflammation and repair by evaluating cell phenotypes and subsets in the blood of HIV-infected individuals. The researchers found that infection-induced phenotypic changes were associated with inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that HIV infection may affect endothelial inflammation and repair.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Furong Qing, Zhiping Liu
Summary: Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a crucial member of the IRFs family, located downstream of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-mediated signaling pathway, and plays a vital role in the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). Its activation can inhibit various viral and bacterial infections, suppress the growth and metastasis of certain cancers, but it may also impact the tumor microenvironment and promote the development of other cancers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Beata Tokarz-Deptula, Joanna Palma, Lukasz Baraniecki, Michal Stosik, Roman Kolacz, Wieslaw Deptula
Summary: Platelets play a role in inflammation and infections by reacting with the endovascular environment and cells of the immune system. This role is influenced by biologically active substances present in platelet granules and EV structures.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Davide Medica, Rossana Franzin, Alessandra Stasi, Giuseppe Castellano, Massimiliano Migliori, Vincenzo Panichi, Federico Figliolini, Loreto Gesualdo, Giovanni Camussi, Vincenzo Cantaluppi
Summary: The study demonstrates the protective effect of EPC-derived EVs on glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, showing reductions in apoptosis, antioxidative actions, prevention of leukocyte adhesion, and maintenance of cell function. Additionally, EVs can protect damaged glomerular cells by transferring RNA, suggesting their potential therapeutic role in drug-resistant glomerulonephritis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manlio Tolomeo, Andrea Cavalli, Antonio Cascio
Summary: STAT1 protein plays a crucial role in the immune response against viruses, and its deficiency can result in severe infections and even death. It has been found that some viruses inhibit the activity of STAT1, making it important to search for drugs that can target these viral proteins for the treatment of dangerous viral infections and future viral pandemics, as demonstrated by the clinical results with Paxlovid in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kara D. Wyatt, Demba Sarr, Kaori Sakamoto, Wendy T. Watford
Summary: Tpl2 plays a basal regulatory role in the antiviral response in lung epithelial cells during influenza A virus infection, but does not have a significant impact on host cytokine production or lung pathology.
Article
Immunology
Jin Liu, Yang Liu, Snigdha Panda, Anguo Liu, Jun Lei, Irina Burd
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the subsets of placenta CD8+ T cells, revealing that LPS injection induced changes in the properties of CD8+ T cells and Tc1/Tc2 ratio, with an expansion of Tc1 cells and a significantly higher Tc1/Tc2 ratio in the LPS group compared to the PBS group in a mouse model. The study also found an increase in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma expression in the LPS group, indicating a Tc1-bias response following intrauterine injection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
B. Dnate' Baxter, Eric D. Larson, Laetitia Merle, Paul Feinstein, Arianna Gentile Polese, Andrew N. Bubak, Christy S. Niemeyer, James Hassell, Doug Shepherd, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, Maria A. Nagel, Diego Restrepo
Summary: TRPM5-expressing microvillous cells may play a potential role in viral infection of the olfactory epithelium, involved in inflammatory response. Similar to SCCs and brush cells in the airway epithelium, and tuft cells in the intestine, the transcriptome of TRPM5-expressing microvillous cells suggests their likely involvement in the inflammatory response elicited by viral infection of the olfactory epithelium.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunmei Cai, Yan-Dong Tang, Guocai Xu, Chunfu Zheng
Summary: Viral infections pose a severe threat to humans, and understanding how the host immune system responds to viral infections has become increasingly important. Gene detection and intracellular sensing can induce immune responses to limit viral infections. The overlap between RNA- and DNA-sensing mechanisms enhances antiviral responses.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Julie Rebejac, Elisa Eme-Scolan, Laurie Arnaud Paroutaud, Sarah Kharbouche, Matei Teleman, Lionel Spinelli, Emeline Gallo, Annie Roussel-Queval, Ana Zarubica, Amandine Sansoni, Quentin Bardin, Philippe Hoest, Marie-Cecile Michallet, Carine Brousse, Karine Crozat, Monica Manglani, Zhaoyuan Liu, Florent Ginhoux, Dorian B. McGavern, Marc Dalod, Bernard Malissen, Toby Lawrence, Rejane Rua
Summary: Meningeal macrophages (MMs) play a protective role in viral infection and may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. High viral load correlates with low numbers of MHC-II+ MMs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louise Dalskov, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann
Summary: Interferons are antiviral cytokines that are essential in the innate immune response to viral infections. They are produced and released by cells in response to viral stimuli, and induce the transcription of numerous genes in neighboring cells. These gene products either directly combat the viral infection or contribute to shaping the immune response.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Chen, Limin Yang, Yingyu Li, Tianrun Liu, Bolun Yang, Lei Liu, Rui Wu
Summary: The interaction between autophagy and inflammation plays a crucial role in viral infections, and understanding their regulatory roles can provide insights and theoretical foundations for disease prevention, treatment, and drug development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrii Slonchak, Xiaohui Wang, Julio Aguado, Julian D. J. Sng, Harman Chaggar, Morgan E. Freney, Kexin Yan, Francisco J. Torres, Alberto A. Amarilla, Rickyle Balea, Yin Xiang Setoh, Nias Peng, Daniel Watterson, Ernst Wolvetang, Andreas Suhrbier, Alexander A. Khromykh
Summary: sfRNA plays an important role in the transmission of Zika virus, facilitating the virus to pass through the placenta and infect the fetal brain. It also induces apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in human brain organoids. In infected human placental cells, sfRNA inhibits multiple antiviral pathways and promotes apoptosis, with STAT1 identified as a key factor. Phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 are reduced due to sfRNA binding to and stabilizing viral protein NS5.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jean-Laurent Casanova, Laurent Abel
Summary: Disease and inflammation are rare outcomes of viral infection in humans, often due to a failure in cell-intrinsic and leukocytic immunity to viruses. Inflammation indicates the efforts of newly recruited and activated leukocytes to resolve infection. Genetic studies can help clarify the underlying causes of inflammation and disease in viral infections.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nisha Sharma, Anannya Sircar, Hans-Joachim Anders, Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
Summary: Liver and kidney play vital roles in maintaining homeostasis and their injuries can affect each other. Excessive fructose intake, insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines production, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and redox imbalance are involved in the interaction between liver and kidney. AKI and NAFLD have impacts on liver and kidney functions through various biochemical and molecular pathways.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Stefanie Steiger, Jan Rossaint, Alexander Zarbock, Hans-Joachim Anders
Summary: Kidney disease is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 and other infections. Infection is also a common cause of death in patients with kidney disease. Despite this, there is limited understanding and research on the secondary immunodeficiency related to kidney disease (SIDKD). This study aims to raise awareness of SIDKD as a critical unmet medical need, reviewing its epidemiology and discussing the abnormal immunophenotype in kidney disease patients. It proposes a definition for SIDKD and explores the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including the role of FGF23 levels, hyperuricemia, and changes in the secretome of the gut microbiota in kidney disease. The ultimate goal is to develop therapeutics that can improve immune responses and reduce mortality from infections in kidney disease patients.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael T. Collins, Gemma Marcucci, Hans-Joachim Anders, Giovanni Beltrami, Jane A. Cauley, Peter R. Ebeling, Rajiv Kumar, Agnes Linglart, Luca Sangiorgi, Dwight A. Towler, Ria Weston, Michael. P. Whyte, Maria Luisa Brandi, Bart Clarke, Rajesh V. Thakker
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicola Andina, Louise de Meuron, Annatina Sarah Schnegg-Kaufmann, Mayuresh Anant Sarangdhar, Camille Ansermet, Giuseppe Bombaci, Kiran Batta, Nino Keller, Naomi A. Porret, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Nicolas Bonadies, Ramanjaneyulu Allam
Summary: Aging increases IL-1b production upon NLRP3 activation in human CD14+ monocytes. TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 directly activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes from older but not from younger healthy donors. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is positively correlated with disease severity in a small cohort of CMML patients.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Andreas Kronbichler, Hans-Joachim Anders
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao Han, Pengxuan Ren, Medina Mamtimin, Linus Kruk, Edita Sarukhanyan, Chenyu Li, Hans-Joachim Anders, Thomas Dandekar, Irena Krueger, Margitta Elvers, Silvia Goebel, Kristin Adler, Goetz Muench, Thomas Gudermann, Attila Braun, Elmina Mammadova-Bach
Summary: This study analyzed the collagen- and CRP-binding surfaces of GPVI monomers and dimers using computational modeling and bioinformatics, and compared them with other mammalian GPVI isoforms. Experimental results show that the EA-20 antibody inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to collagen and CRP, but not to fibrin, and prevents thrombus formation in whole blood. Therefore, the blockade of this minimal collagen-binding epitope of GPVI with the EA-20 antibody could represent a new anti-thrombotic approach.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayuresh Anant Sarangdhar, Nicola Andina, Ramanjaneyulu Allam
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Ribeiro, Feiyue Liu, Matthias Srebrzynski, Simone Rother, Karina Adamowicz, Marta Wadowska, Stefanie Steiger, Hans-Joachim Anders, Christoph Schmaderer, Joanna Koziel, Maciej Lech
Summary: In this study, the impact of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells and its role in modulating the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. Indoxyl sulfate, which accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), was found to induce low-grade inflammation and modulate macrophage function. Additionally, it was shown to enhance the inflammatory response associated with LPS and contribute to the senescence of tubular epithelial cells during injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Paola Romagnani, A. Richard Kitching, Nelson Leung, Hans-Joachim Anders
Summary: Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a diverse group of immune-mediated disorders, which cannot be properly classified or treated based on histological patterns alone. To overcome this problem, a new classification system is proposed that considers disease category, immunological activity, and chronicity, which will guide the therapeutic approach.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Hans-Joachim Anders, Gema M. Fernandez-Juarez, Augusto Vaglio, Paola Romagnani, Juergen Floege
Summary: The management of immune-mediated kidney diseases focuses on controlling the underlying immune disease process and the non-immune mechanisms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as reducing salt intake and regular physical activity, along with approved drug interventions, can help attenuate CKD progression.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Transplantation
Hans-Joachim Anders
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Linus Kruk, Medina Mamtimin, Attila Braun, Hans-Joachim Anders, Joachim Andrassy, Thomas Gudermann, Elmina Mammadova-Bach
Summary: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research on the role of inflammation in RCC tumors and discusses potential inflammatory pathways as therapeutic targets.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chongxu Shi, Elmina Mammadova-Bach, Cong Li, Dong Liu, Hans-Joachim Anders
Summary: Cholesterol crystal (CC) embolism is a complication of advanced atherosclerotic plaques primarily induced by interventional and surgical procedures. Prophylaxis through plaque stabilization and avoiding unnecessary catheter interventions is the main approach to CC embolism. Platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants may reduce the risk of vascular occlusions and tissue ischemia in case CC embolism occurs. Given the unmet medical need, effective treatment strategies for CC embolism are urgently needed.
Review
Cell Biology
Ajinath Kale, Vishwadeep Shelke, Yutian Lei, Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad, Hans-Joachim Anders
Summary: This article reviews the unique chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity profile of the novel calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) Voclosporin and summarizes its efficacy and safety data in the treatment of active lupus nephritis. The article also discusses possible options for implementing Voclosporin in the management of lupus nephritis, including patient stratification, combination therapy, sequential therapy, and alternative options.
Review
Immunology
Hans-Joachim Anders, A. Richard Kitching, Nelson Leung, Paola Romagnani
Summary: 'Glomerulonephritis' (GN) refers to a group of immune-mediated disorders characterized by inflammation of the kidney's filtration units. Current classification is based on histopathological lesion patterns, but these patterns do not align well with the diverse pathological mechanisms and do not guide optimal therapy. Instead, a proposed immunopathogenesis-based classification groups GN disorders into five categories, allowing for more targeted and effective treatments.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)