Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Lagosz, Jan Biegus, Szymon Urban, Robert Zymlinski
Summary: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex and heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms that has posed challenges for cardiologists for many years. The coexistence of heart failure (HF) and deteriorated renal function adds to these challenges and is a strong predictor of poor outcomes. However, with the development of new renal assessment methods, we now have the opportunity to treat CRS more effectively than ever before. This review focuses on explaining the pathophysiology, recent advances, and current practices of monitoring renal function in patients with acute CRS, aiming to improve patient care and guide treatment strategies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jonathan S. S. Chavez-Iniguez
Summary: Biomarkers have become important tools in the diagnosis and management of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), offering potential for early detection and intervention. Natriuretic peptides, troponins, and inflammatory markers have shown promising results in improving diagnosis and prognosis. However, further research is needed to establish their utility in routine clinical practice.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abhi Dutta, Shubham Saha, Ajay Bahl, Anupam Mittal, Trayambak Basak
Summary: Cardiorenal syndrome is a broad spectrum disorder affecting the heart and kidneys. India has a high burden of acute cardiorenal syndrome, with 46.1% of patients diagnosed in India. Acute cardiorenal syndrome involves sudden kidney deterioration in acute heart failure patients. The pathophysiology includes hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Complications increase the risk of mortality, making it a global healthcare burden. Current biomarkers have limitations in early detection, highlighting the need for novel proteomic biomarkers to prevent progression.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra M. Sancho-Martinez, Alfredo G. Casanova, Annette G. Duwel, Karen Rivero-Garcia, Tamara Garcia-Garrido, Ana I. Morales, Carlos Martinez-Salgado, Francisco J. Lopez-Hernandez, Pilar Fraile
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden renal dysfunction syndrome with severe consequences, and its etiology plays a role in the prognosis. Differentiating between pre-renal and intrinsic AKI is challenging using international diagnostic criteria, so additional biochemical criteria and patient history are necessary. A composite biochemical criterion, based on the congruency of at least two ratios, is proposed to minimize confounding factors. Urinary injury biomarkers, such as NGAL and KIM-1, better coincide with the biochemical classification and support an etiological diagnosis based on objective parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kavish R. Patidar, Mobasshir A. Naved, Ananth Grama, Mohammad Adibuzzaman, Arzina Aziz Ali, James E. Slaven, Archita P. Desai, Marwan S. Ghabril, Lauren Nephew, Naga Chalasani, Eric S. Orman
Summary: This study investigated hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury in the US and found that acute kidney disease developed in 1 in 3 patients, which was associated with worse survival and chronic kidney disease.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Ian E. McCoy, Jesse Y. Hsu, Joseph Bonventre, Chirag R. Parikh, Alan S. Go, Kathleen D. Liu, Ana C. Ricardo, Anand Srivastava, Debbie L. Cohen, Jiang He, Jing Chen, Panduranga S. Rao, Chi-Yuan Hsu
Summary: Hospitalized acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with long-term changes in kidney injury markers TNFR1, TNFR2, and KIM-1.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sidharth Kumar Sethi, Rajesh Sharma, Aditi Gupta, Abhishek Tibrewal, Romel Akole, Rohan Dhir, Kritika Soni, Shyam Bihari Bansal, Pranaw Kumar Jha, Anil Bhan, Vijay Kher, Rupesh Raina
Summary: This study aimed to establish long-term renal outcomes for pediatric patients after cardiac surgery, focusing on urinary biomarker abnormalities that persist years after surgery and may contribute to a low glomerular filtration rate during follow-up. The presence of AKI, AKI stage, and younger age were not associated with low GFR at follow-up, while children with a higher surgical complexity score tended to have lower GFR.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer Davis, Gabriele Rossi, David W. Miller, Rachel E. Cianciolo, Anthea L. Raisis
Summary: This study compared the use of two different multiplex assays and previously-validated single analyte immunoassays for measuring five biomarkers in canine samples during ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) acute kidney injury. Only NGAL showed significant elevation following IR, while the concentrations of the other four biomarkers varied depending on the assay used. The concentrations of cystatin C and KIM-1 measured with multiplex assays were much lower compared to single analyte ELISAs, indicating the need for further validation before reliable use in measuring AKI biomarkers in canine samples.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicholas Wettersten, Stephen Duff, Yu Horiuchi, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Christian Mueller, Gerasimos Filippatos, Richard Nowak, Christopher Hogan, Michael C. Kontos, Chad M. Cannon, Gerhard A. Mueeller, Robert Birkhahn, Pam Taub, Gary M. Vilke, Kenneth McDonald, Niall Mahon, Julio Nunez, Carlo Briguori, Claudio Passino, Alan Maisel, Patrick T. Murray, Joachim H. Ix
Summary: Worsening renal function at admission is common in patients with acute heart failure and is associated with longer hospitalization, but not with adverse in-hospital events, death, or HF readmission.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyu Zhang, Jing Wang, Jing Zhang, Yuwei Tan, Yiming Li, Zhiyong Peng
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms of action of exosomes derived from different cell sources in acute kidney injury (AKI). It highlights the potential of exosomes in promoting renal tubular cell regeneration and angiogenesis, regulating autophagy, suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and preventing fibrosis. It also emphasizes the role of exosomes as potential biomarkers for diagnosing AKI and the development of exosome engineering for clinical use. However, further research is needed to fully understand the specific mechanisms of exosome actions, their delivery pathways to renal tubular cells, and the application of multi-omics research in studying AKI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thilini M. Wijerathna, Nicholas A. Buckley, Indika B. Gawarammana, Jacques Raubenheimer, Seyed Shahmy, Umesh Chathuranga, Chathura Palangasinghe, Fathima Shihana, Fahim Mohamed
Summary: This study investigates the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of MCPA poisoning in Sri Lanka between 2002 and 2019, and analyzes the acute kidney injury in a subset of patients. The results show that MCPA poisoning can cause renal injury, but severe injury is uncommon. Patient age and ingested dose are associated with the severity of the condition, and most patients with renal dysfunction have no pre-existing kidney diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Friedrich C. Luft
Summary: This article discusses the conversion of biomarkers into reliable laboratory tests, examining both early and recently propagated biomarkers. It also proposes the need for faster and better tests that can reflect decreased renal function and predict increased AKI risk.
Article
Immunology
Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Nashwa Fathy Gamal El-Tahawy, Abdel Hamid Sayed AboBakr Ali, Hatem A. Mohamed, Nermeen N. Welson, Dina A. Aly Labib
Summary: The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of rivastigmine in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury. The results demonstrated that rivastigmine could ameliorate renal dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic reactions induced by gentamicin, and by decreasing the concentration of gentamicin in renal tissue.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Estefania Moreno-Gordaliza, Maria Dolores Marazuela, Oscar Pastor, Alberto Lazaro, Maria Milagros Gomez-Gomez
Summary: Nephrotoxicity is a common complication of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but there is currently no preventive intervention or treatment available for clinical use. Cilastatin has shown to have a nephroprotective effect in in vitro and in vivo models and is now in clinical trials. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced renal damage and the effects of potential protective agents could lead to successful nephroprotective therapies and new biomarkers of renal damage and protection. A targeted lipidomics approach was used to quantify lipid species in kidney extracts from rats treated with cisplatin and/or cilastatin, showing significant changes in lipid levels after cisplatin treatment which were attenuated by co-treatment with cilastatin. Cholesterol esters, along with sulfatides and phospholipids, were found to be the most discriminating lipid species in differentiating renal damage from nephroprotection. Additionally, potential diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin-induced renal damage and cilastatin nephroprotection were identified.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heng-Chih Pan, Yau-Hung Chen, Wei-Ching Fang, Vin-Cent Wu, Chiao-Yin Sun
Summary: KDM4C plays a critical role in kidney development and acute kidney injury (AKI). Knockdown of KDM4C leads to impaired kidney development and decreased cell survival in zebrafish and mouse models. Furthermore, KDM4C may exert a protective effect on cell survival in AKI by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Andrew Mallett, Phoebe Jane Kearey, Anne Cameron, Helen G. Healy, Charles Denaro, Mark Thomas, Vincent W. Lee, Samantha Louise Stark, Maria Fuller, Zaimin Wang, Wendy E. Hoy
Summary: The study found a prevalence rate of 0.2% for Fabry disease among CKD patients. Using a multi-tiered screening strategy, cases of FD can be identified in the CKD population.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Shyam Dheda, Hongjin Min, David A. Vesey, Carmel Hawley, David W. Johnson, Goce Dimeski, Helen Healy, Magid Fahim
Summary: There are multiple risk factors for inflammation in dialysis, one of which is the presence of bacterium-derived endotoxin. In this study, inflammation levels were observed in 165 patients receiving outpatient-based hemodialysis, and it was found that pre-dialysis inflammation was prevalent but not related to intradialytic blood pressure variability or hypotension. Endotoxemia was uncommon and unlikely to be a significant driver of inflammation.
CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Sameera Senanayake, Helen Healy, Steven M. McPhail, Keshwar Baboolal, Sanjeewa Kularatna
Summary: This study examines the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of implementing a 'soft opt-out' organ donation system for kidney donation. Results show that a 20% increase in organ donation rates could save 650 million Australian dollars and gain 10,400 QALYs, averting more than 1500 deaths. Understanding aversion to a 'soft opt-out' system in Australia is important for future research.
APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Arti M. Raghubar, Duy T. Pham, Xiao Tan, Laura F. Grice, Joanna Crawford, Pui Yeng Lam, Stacey B. Andersen, Sohye Yoon, Siok Min Teoh, Nicholas A. Matigian, Anne Stewart, Leo Francis, Monica S. Y. Ng, Helen G. Healy, Alexander N. Combes, Andrew J. Kassianos, Quan Nguyen, Andrew J. Mallett
Summary: This study applied spatial transcriptomics sequencing (ST-seq) to investigate the gene expression patterns in the kidneys of mice and humans. The results revealed the gene expression signatures of different nephron structures and microvascular regions, and identified potential ligand-receptor interactions in specific areas of the kidneys. The study provides valuable insights into the complexity of kidney physiology and serves as a valuable resource for future research in this field.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Evan Paul Owens, Helen Grania Healy, David Alan Vesey, Wendy Elizabeth Hoy, Glenda Carolyn Gobe
Summary: This article reviews new and emerging biomarkers for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can be detected in blood or urine liquid biopsies. These biomarkers play important roles in kidney injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, repair, and fibrosis. However, there are conflicting conclusions regarding the utility of these biomarkers in CKD.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Matthew Tunbridge, Anca Grivei, Andrew J. Kassianos, Helen Davis, Anne Stewart, Helen Healy, Saw Yu Mon, George T. John
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Carla Scuderi, Suzanne Parker, Margaret Jacks, George T. John, Brett McWhinney, Jacobus Ungerer, Andrew Mallett, Helen Healy, Jason Roberts, Christine Staatz
Summary: This study examined microsampling approaches for the simultaneous measurement of immunosuppressant drug concentrations in kidney transplant patients. The results showed that VAMS was more accurate than DBS in measuring the drug concentrations.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Carla E. Scuderi, Suzanne L. Parker, Margaret Jacks, George T. John, Brett McWhinney, Jacobus Ungerer, Andrew J. Mallett, Helen G. Healy, Jason A. Roberts, Christine E. Staatz
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMS) to measure tacrolimus and creatinine in kidney transplant recipients. The results showed that VAMS can reliably measure tacrolimus and creatinine, providing a less invasive and more frequent sampling method for patients.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jianzhen Zhang, Vishal Diwan, Zaimin Wang, Helen G. Healy, Sree Krishna Venuthurupalli, Rajitha Abeysekera, Wendy E. Hoy
Summary: This study explores the impact of anemia on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and found that anemia is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular events, progression to kidney replacement therapy, and death. Additionally, anemia leads to higher hospital utilization and costs. Therefore, preventing and treating anemia is crucial for improving clinical and economic outcomes in CKD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Vishal Diwan, Jenny Zhang, Zaimin Wang, Helen Healy, Wendy Hoy
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Vishal Diwan, Jenny Zhang, Zaimin Wang, Helen Healy, Wendy Hoy
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Monica Suet Ying Ng, Kurt T. K. Giuliani, Xiangju Wang, Andrew J. Kassianos, Helen G. Healy
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Carla Scuderi, Suzanne Parker, Margaret Jacks, George John, Brett Mcwhinney, Jacobus Ungerer, Andrew Mallett, Helen Healy, Jason Roberts, Christine Staatz
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Carla Scuderi, Suzanne Parker, Margaret Jacks, George John, Brett Mcwhinney, Jacobus Ungerer, Andrew Mallett, Helen Healy, Jason Roberts, Christine Staatz
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
Xiangju Wang, Ray Wilkinson, Helen Healy, Andrew Kassianos