Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasilia Tamamouna, Evangelia Pavlou, Christiana M. Neophytou, Panagiotis Papageorgis, Paul Costeas
Summary: Cancer recurrence and metastasis pose a significant threat in clinical oncology, and metastatic tumor dormancy is a crucial stage during cancer progression. Dormant cancer cells enter a state of cell cycle arrest and survival to adapt to new microenvironments, making them resistant to treatment and immune surveillance. Understanding the mechanisms of dormancy induction and escape is important for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Theys, Dorien Lauwers, Claudina Perez-Novo, Wim Vanden Berghe
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic and the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation of NAFLD, particularly the role of the nuclear receptor PPAR alpha in lipid metabolism. The interaction between PPAR alpha and epigenetic enzymes has become a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Haoqin Fan, Fan Yang, Zhenghui Xiao, Haiyan Luo, Huaiyang Chen, Zhi Chen, Qiming Liu, Yunbin Xiao
Summary: Lactate, traditionally considered a metabolic waste, has been found to have metabolic and nonmetabolic functions in physiological processes and diseases such as cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is due to metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications, particularly histone modifications caused by lactate-induced posttranslational modifications. The cross talk between the metabolome and epigenome indicates potential for novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities, but further research is needed to understand lactylation mechanisms and its diverse biological effects.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Henrietta Szutorisz, Yasmin L. Hurd
Summary: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are often stigmatized by society, but effectively treating and destigmatizing SUDs requires understanding the developmental path of neural vulnerability. These vulnerabilities exist long before adulthood, offering opportunities to change the trajectory of the disorder.
Review
Neurosciences
Stefan H. Stricker, Magdalena Goetz
Summary: The vulnerability of the mammalian brain lies in its limited ability to generate new neurons after maturation, but the direct conversion of non-neuronal cells to neurons offers a promising avenue for brain repair. Understanding the identity and chromatin hallmarks of induced neurons is crucial to avoid adverse effects and novel tools for manipulating specific epigenetic marks hold potential for erasing aberrant epigenetic memory and advancing therapeutic approaches for brain repair.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingli Li, Chun-Wei Chen
Summary: This review discusses the epigenetic and transcriptional alterations in Ewing sarcoma and summarizes the relevant screening studies conducted to develop novel therapies.
Review
Oncology
Jordi Alcaraz, Rafael Ikemori, Alejandro Llorente, Natalia Diaz-Valdivia, Noemi Reguart, Miguel Vizoso
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with the stroma of lung cancer and other solid tumors being rich in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) exhibiting an activated/myofibroblast-like phenotype. Growing evidence suggests that TAFs support key steps of tumor progression and are epigenetically reprogrammed compared to healthy fibroblasts. The mechanisms underlying this reprogramming involve interactions with cancer cells, pro-fibrotic cytokines, extracellular matrix stiffness, smoking particles, and other environmental cues, leading to DNA hypomethylation and selective transcriptional repression in lung TAFs.
Review
Cell Biology
Feng-Ming Tien, Hsuan-Hsuan Lu, Shu-Yung Lin, Hsing-Chen Tsai
Summary: The tumor immune microenvironment is a complex system where immune cell subtypes interact with cancer cells and stromal cells. The composition and characteristics of the immune landscape during cancer development greatly impact the effectiveness of systemic antitumor therapy in patients. Epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in antitumor immunity and immune state transitions. Targeting epigenetic modifiers to reshape the immune microenvironment has the potential to improve cancer immunotherapy and overcome therapeutic challenges.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Yang, Jin Xu, Wei Wang, Bo Zhang, Xianjun Yu, Si Shi
Summary: Researchers have focused on the epigenetic control of DNA-templated processes for many years. Epigenetic modifications like histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, RNA modification, and noncoding RNAs play a crucial role in the development of cancers. Dysregulation of the epigenome leads to abnormal transcriptional programs, and targeting the dysregulated epigenetic modifications might be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Additionally, epigenetics influences tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses, suggesting the potential of combining epigenetic therapy and cancer immunotherapy for better cancer treatment.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jossimar Coronel-Hernandez, Eloy Andres Perez-Yepez, Izamary Delgado-Waldo, Carlos Contreras-Romero, Nadia Jacobo-Herrera, David Cantu-De Leon, Carlos Perez-Plasencia
Summary: Aberrant metabolism plays a crucial role in tumor formation by influencing genetic and epigenetic processes through alterations in key metabolic pathways. Understanding the association of metabolic rearrangement with epigenetic regulation in breast cancer could help identify new targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Mengyuan Dai, Miao Liu, Hua Yang, Can Kucuk, Hua You
Summary: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown promising outcomes in cancer treatment, but the development of resistance has decreased their effectiveness. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms and combining epigenetic regulatory drugs with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could provide a potential solution to this resistance.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Renata Brito Falcao-Holanda, Brunialti Milena Karina Colo, Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, Reinaldo Salomao
Summary: Sepsis is characterized by an initial hyperinflammatory response, followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response which can lead to immunosuppression. Epigenetic changes play a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, affecting host cells' response to infection and orchestrating the inflammatory response. Epigenetic interventions have the potential to be used in the treatment of sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ian J. Groves, Sarah E. Jackson, Emma L. Poole, Aharon Nachshon, Batsheva Rozman, Michal Schwartz, Rab K. Prinjha, David F. Tough, John H. Sinclair, Mark R. Wills
Summary: HCMV reactivation from latency poses a significant health risk for transplant recipients. Epigenetic inhibitors, particularly histone deacetylase inhibitors and bromodomain inhibitors, have been found effective in inducing virus immediate early gene expression, providing a potential strategy for reducing HCMV-related morbidity and mortality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lin Wu, Yingmei Zhang, Jun Ren
Summary: Alcohol consumption leads to detrimental psychological, pathophysiological, and health issues, including the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Factors contributing to these issues include a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, with ethanol-triggered epigenetic modifications playing a crucial role in the organism's response to alcohol exposure.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sizhe Yuen, Thomas H. G. Ezard, Adam J. Sobey
Summary: Evolutionary computation is a set of biologically inspired algorithms used for solving complex optimization problems. This paper analyzes successful bioinspired algorithms under a contemporary biological framework based on the extended evolutionary synthesis. The analysis reveals a lack of exploration in epigenetic inheritance, leaving it as a potential area for further research within evolutionary computation.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Letter
Oncology
Mary Y. Wu, Scott T. C. Shepherd, Annika Fendler, Edward J. Carr, Lewis Au, Ruth Harvey, Giulia Dowgier, Agnieszka Hobbs, Lou S. Herman, Martina Ragno, Lorin Adams, Andreas M. Schmitt, Zayd Tippu, Benjamin Shum, Sheima Farag, Aljosja Rogiers, Nicola O'Reilly, Philip Bawumia, Callie Smith, Eleanor Carlyle, Kim Edmonds, Lyra Del Rosario, Karla Lingard, Mary Mangwende, Lucy Holt, Hamid Ahmod, Justine Korteweg, Tara Foley, Taja Barber, Stephanie Hepworth, Andrea Emslie-Henry, Niamh Caulfield-Lynch, Fiona Byrne, Daqi Deng, Bryan Williams, Michael Brown, Simon Caidan, Mike Gavrielides, James I. MacRae, Gavin Kelly, Kema Peat, Denise Kelly, Aida Murra, Kayleigh Kelly, Molly O'Flaherty, Sanjay Popat, Nadia Yousaf, Shaman Jhanji, Kate Tatham, David Cunningham, Nicholas Van As, Kate Young, Andrew J. S. Furness, Lisa Pickering, Rupert Beale, Charles Swanton, Sonia Gandhi, Steve Gamblin, David L. V. Bauer, George Kassiotis, Michael Howell, Susanna Walker, Emma Nicholson, James Larkin, Emma C. Wall, Samra Turajlic
Article
Oncology
Drew W. W. Rasco, Theresa Medina, Pippa Corrie, Anna C. C. Pavlick, Mark R. R. Middleton, Paul Lorigan, Chris Hebert, Ruth Plummer, James Larkin, Sanjiv S. S. Agarwala, Adil I. I. Daud, Jiaheng Qiu, Viviana Bozon, Michelle Kneissl, Elly Barry, Anthony J. J. Olszanski
Summary: This study investigated the safety and antitumor activity of tovorafenib, a drug for treating solid tumors, and found that it has good antitumor activity in BRAF-mutated melanoma, particularly in patients who have not received RAF and MEK inhibitors. The study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two dosing schedules and identified the recommended dose as 200 mg or 600 mg administered once every other day or once weekly.
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin Ng, Jesse Boumelha, Katey S. S. Enfield, Jorge L. Almagro, Hongui M. Cha, Oriol Pich, Takahiro Karasaki, David Moore, Roberto Salgado, Monica Sivakumar, George Young, Miriam L. Molina-Arcas, Sophie de Carne Trecesson, Panayiotis Anastasiou, Annika C. Fendler, Lewis Au, Scott T. C. Shepherd, Carlos Martinez-Ruiz, Clare Puttick, James R. M. Black, Thomas B. K. Watkins, Hyemin Kim, Seohee Shim, Nikhil Faulkner, Jan A. Attig, Selvaraju Veeriah, Neil J. Magno, Sophia T. Ward, Alexander Frankell, Maise Al Bakir, Emilia Lim, Mark Hill, Gareth Wilson, Daniel Cook, Nicolai Birkbak, Axel Behrens, Nadia Yousaf, Sanjay Popat, Allan Hackshaw, TRACERx Consortium, CAPTURE Consortium, Crispin T. Hiley, Kevin Litchfield, Nicholas McGranahan, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, James Larkin, Se-Hoon Lee, Samra Turajlic, Charles Swanton, Julian Downward, George Kassiotis
Summary: This study reveals that lung adenocarcinomas in both humans and mice elicit local germinal center responses and tumour-binding antibodies, with endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope glycoproteins as the dominant anti-tumour antibody target. ERV-targeting B cell responses are enhanced by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and targeted inhibition of KRAS(G12C). ERV-reactive antibodies have anti-tumour activity and improve survival in a mouse model, and ERV expression predicts the response to ICB in human lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that effective immunotherapy in the mouse model requires CXCL13-dependent tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation, and therapeutic CXCL13 treatment enhances anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with ICB. These findings provide a potential mechanistic basis for the association between TLS and immunotherapy response.
Article
Oncology
Lavinia Spain, Alexander Coulton, Irene Lobon, Andrew Rowan, Desiree Schnidrig, Scott T. C. Shepherd, Benjamin Shum, Fiona Byrne, Maria Goicoechea, Elisa Piperni, Lewis Au, Kim Edmonds, Eleanor Carlyle, Nikki Hunter, Alexandra Renn, Christina Messiou, Peta Hughes, Jaime Nobbs, Floris Foijer, Hilda van den Bos, Rene Wardenaar, Diana C. J. Spierings, Charlotte Spencer, Andreas M. Schmitt, Zayd Tippu, Karla Lingard, Lauren Grostate, Kema Peat, Kayleigh Kelly, Sarah Sarker, Sarah Vaughan, Mary Mangwende, Lauren Terry, Denise Kelly, Jennifer Biano, Aida Murra, Justine Korteweg, Charlotte Lewis, Molly O'Flaherty, Anne-Laure Cattin, Max Emmerich, Camille L. Gerard, Husayn Ahmed Pallikonda, Joanna Lynch, Robert Mason, Aljosja Rogiers, Hang Xu, Ariana Huebner, Nicholas McGranahan, Maise Al Bakir, Jun Murai, Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli, Elaine Borg, Miriam Mitchison, David A. Moore, Mary Falzon, Ian Proctor, Gordon W. H. Stamp, Emma L. Nye, Kate Young, Andrew J. S. Furness, Lisa Pickering, Ruby Stewart, Ula Mahadeva, Anna Green, James Larkin, Kevin Litchfield, Charles Swanton, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Samra Turajlic
Summary: Understanding the evolutionary pathways and resistance mechanisms of melanoma is crucial for improving outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced melanoma, revealing the diverse strategies used by melanoma to evade treatment and the immune system.
Article
Oncology
Sebastian Bauer, James Larkin, F. Stephen Hodi, Frank Stephen, Ellen H. W. Kapiteijn, Gary K. K. Schwartz, Emilano Calvo, Padmaja Yerramilli-Rao, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Richard D. D. Carvajal
Summary: The combination of PKC inhibitor sotrastaurin and MEK inhibitor binimetinib causes substantial gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, but stable disease is observed in a significant proportion of patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
J. B. A. G. Haanen, J. Larkin, T. K. Choueiri, L. Albiges, B. I. Rini, M. B. Atkins, M. Schmidinger, K. Penkov, E. Michelon, J. Wang, M. Mariani, A. di Pietro, R. J. Motzer
Summary: This study reports updated data from the phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial comparing avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The results demonstrate improved overall survival and progression-free survival with avelumab plus axitinib compared to sunitinib, both in the overall population and in different risk groups. However, further follow-up is needed as the data are not yet complete.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Andreas Michael Schmitt, James Larkin
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with various tumors, especially for melanoma patients who can achieve excellent outcomes with immunotherapy in both the adjuvant and advanced stages.
TRENDS IN UROLOGY & MENS HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthew R. Orton, Evan J. Hann, Simon J. Doran, Scott T. C. Shepherd, Derfel E. Ap Dafydd, Charlotte E. Spencer, Jose I. Lopez, Victor Albarran-Artahona, Francesca Comito, Hannah Warren, Joshua Shur, Christina Messiou, James Larkin, Samra Turajlic, TRACERx Renal Consortium, Dow-Mu Koh
Summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of radiomics predictions in ccRCC patients and demonstrate the impact of novel feature selection strategies and sub-segmentations on model interpretability. The proposed pipeline leads to more interpretable models without compromising prediction performance compared to the conventional pipeline.
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Saby George, James Larkin, Kateryna Chepynoga, Daniel Sharpe, Tuli De, Matthew Dyer, Flavia Ejzykowicz, Jessica May, Murat Kurt
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Rachel H. Giles, Deborah Maskens, Lorenzo Marconi, Robin Martinez, Karin Kastrati, Carlos Castro, Juan Carlos Julian Mauro, Robert Bick, Margie Hickey, Daniel Yick Chin Heng, James Larkin, Axel Bex, Eric Jonasch, Sara Jane Maclennan, Michael A. S. Jewett
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Francesca Jackson-Spence, Charlotte Ackerman, Bernadett Szabados, Charlotte Toms, Agne Jovaisaite, Rachel Gunnell, Cristina Suarez, James Larkin, Poulam Patel, Begona Perez Valderrama, Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Hilary Glen, Fiona C. Thistlethwaite, Christy Ralph, Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan, Maria Jose Mendez-Vidal, Aleksandra Markovets, Ryan James Hartmaier, Thomas Powles
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Paul D. Nathan, Jennifer Allison, Natalie Charnley, Agnieszka Michael, Kathryn Moore, Anand Sharma, Bhupinder Klair, Valerie Perrot, James Larkin
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bryndis Yngvadottir, Avgi Andreou, Laia Bassaganyas, Alexey Larionov, Alex J. Cornish, Daniel Chubb, Charlie N. Saunders, Philip Smith, Huairen Zhang, Yasemin Cole, James Larkin, Lisa Browning, Samra Turajlic, Kevin Litchfield, Richard S. Houlston, Eamonn R. Maher
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Annemarie K. Knill, Matthew D. Blackledge, Andra Curcean, James Larkin, Samra Turajlic, Angela Riddell, Dow Mu Koh, Christina Messiou, Jessica M. Winfield
Summary: This study aims to establish the optimal diffusion weighting (b-value) for whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). The results suggest that the optimal high b-value is 1100 s/mm(2) and higher b-values lead to increased geometric distortion and reduced signal.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Subramanian Venkatesan, Mihaela Angelova, Jirina Bartkova, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Jiri Bartek, Nnennaya Kanu, Charles Swanton
Summary: Our recent study found that APOBEC3B is upregulated in the preinvasive stages of non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. We suggest that APOBEC3 promotes copy number intratumor heterogeneity prior to invasion, thereby providing a substrate for cancer evolution.
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR ONCOLOGY
(2023)
