Article
Biology
Maryam Hashemi, Mahsa Akhbari, Christian Jutten
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for segmenting lesions of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using modified U-Net and modified Attention U-Net. By applying preprocessing, modifying the loss function, and using the union of FLAIR and T2 predictions, the performance is significantly improved.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giancarlo Comi, Yuval Dadon, Nissim Sasson, Joshua R. Steinerman, Volker Knappertz, Timothy L. Vollmer, Alexey Boyko, Patrick Vermersch, Tjalf Ziemssen, Xavier Montalban, Fred D. Lublin, Maria A. Rocca, Rita Volkinshtein, Svetlana Rubinchick, Nitsan Halevy, Massimo Filippi
Summary: The CONCERTO study found that the efficacy of 0.6 mg laquinimod in RRMS patients was not significantly different from placebo, although it showed some reductions in brain volume change and relapse rate. Laquinimod demonstrated normal safety profile in the study.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Podbielska, Joan O'Keeffe, Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease characterized by immune-mediated inflammatory demyelination and progressive degeneration. Lipids are believed to play a key role in the immunopathogenesis of MS and are a promising area for investigation. Understanding lipid-related mechanisms may offer potential utility in predicting or monitoring the course of MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte, F. Javier Moreno, Mar Villamiel
Summary: Gastrointestinal digestion of dietary carbohydrates involves multiple carbohydrases in a complex process. Enzymes from the small intestinal brush border membrane play a crucial role in digesting these substrates. Recent approaches utilizing small intestinal enzymes from the brush border membrane have emerged for evaluating carbohydrate digestion.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Esma Deniz Barc, Ferruh Yucel, Ceyhan Kutlu
Summary: In this study, we quantitatively determined the amount of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by measuring various parameters in their brain and comparing them with healthy controls. The results showed that MS patients had significantly increased width of the lateral and third ventricles, as well as volumes of cerebral sulci, compared to controls. In addition, the brain width, corpus callosum area, and total brain/cerebellum + brain stem volumes were significantly decreased in MS patients. These measurements indicate parenchymal destruction in the cortex, axonal degeneration, and myelin loss in the white matter of the brain, which correlate with worsening disability in MS patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Horjus, Tineke van Mourik-Banda, Marco A. P. Heerings, Marina Hakobjan, Ward De Witte, Dorothea J. Heersema, Anne J. Jansen, Eva M. M. Strijbis, Brigit A. de Jong, Astrid E. J. Slettenaar, Esther M. P. E. Zeinstra, Erwin L. J. Hoogervorst, Barbara Franke, Wiebe Kruijer, Peter J. Jongen, Leo J. Visser, Geert Poelmans
Summary: This study identified 12 rare genetic variants associated with multiple sclerosis through whole exome sequencing and co-segregation analysis, highlighting the involvement of various biological processes related to (de-/re-)myelination and auto-immunity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xue-Yu Liu, Gai-Ying Ma, Shi Wang, Qian Gao, Cong Guo, Qiao Wei, Xuan Zhou, Li-Ping Chen
Summary: The perivascular space (PVS) load in MS patients was heavier than healthy individuals, especially in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO). PVS was not correlated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in MS patients. The PVS of MS patients was associated with corpus callosum area (CCA) and ratio of the corpus callosum to the cranium (CCR), while PVSs number was independently related with CCA in MS patients in remission.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Niloufar Rahiman, Parvin Zamani, Ali Badiee, Leila Arabi, Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
Summary: Liposomes as novel pharmaceutical vehicles show great promise in the management of multiple sclerosis by supporting effective detection, prognosis, and therapy. They can target immune cells with various surface modifications, encapsulate anti-inflammatory or MS-related therapeutics, and play a role in gene delivery or as diagnostic agents, ultimately providing a high-throughput medication approach for overcoming challenges faced by MS patients.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Duriel Hardy, Tanuja Chitnis, Emmanuelle Waubant, Brenda Banwell
Summary: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is a relapsing-remitting neuroinflammatory disease characterized by frequent relapses and high lesion burden on MRI. Current treatment focuses on early initiation of disease-modifying therapies to prevent relapses and slow disability progression. Studying the pediatric MS population allows exploration of early-life exposures that contribute to MS development, including perinatal and environmental risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Massimiliano Pau, Bruno Leban, Davide Massa, Micaela Porta, Jessica Frau, Giancarlo Coghe, Eleonora Cocco
Summary: Walking difficulties in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) greatly impact their independence and quality of life. This study analyzed the gait patterns of pwMS and found altered inter-joint coordination. The findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying walking dysfunctions and assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatments.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Michael Barnett, Dongang Wang, Heidi Beadnall, Antje Bischof, David Brunacci, Helmut Butzkueven, J. William L. Brown, Mariano Cabezas, Tilak Das, Tej Dugal, Daniel Guilfoyle, Alexander Klistorner, Stephen Krieger, Kain Kyle, Linda Ly, Lynette Masters, Andy Shieh, Zihao Tang, Anneke van der Walt, Kayla Ward, Heinz Wiendl, Geng Zhan, Robert Zivadinov, Yael Barnett, Chenyu Wang
Summary: The modern management of MS aims to achieve No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA), which means no clinical relapses, no MRI disease activity, and no worsening of disability. Standard radiology reports are qualitative and may not accurately detect new or enlarging lesions. AI-based tools offer improved sensitivity and accuracy compared to standard radiology reports, and can aid in the precision management of MS patients.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Nicolas Royer, Callum G. Brownstein, Djahid Kennouche, Loic Espeit, Anthony Teston, Claire Boutet, Leonard Feasson, Jean-philippe Camdessanche, Guillaume Y. Millet
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlates of MS-related fatigue in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), with a particular focus on fatigability. The results revealed that the high fatigue group exhibited greater performance fatigability and higher perceived exertion than the low fatigue group during a dynamic task.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aigli G. Vakrakou, Maria-Evgenia Brinia, Anastasia Alexaki, Evangelos Koumasopoulos, Panos Stathopoulos, Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos, Leonidas Stefanis, Christine Stadelmann-Nessler, Constantinos Kilidireas
Summary: The expanded treatment landscape in relapsing-remitting MS has provided highly effective treatment options, but also increased complexity in managing disease- or drug-related events. Proper decision-making requires thorough understanding of MS immunobiology and underlying mechanisms. The immune system is highly adaptable, but treatments can have harmful effects. Clinicians need to make appropriate clinical decisions for atypical relapses and consider switching therapies for the multiple faces of MS.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Claudia Mandato, Angelo Colucci, Roberta Lanzillo, Annamaria Staiano, Elena Scarpato, Luigi Schiavo, Francesca Felicia Operto, Maria Rosaria Serra, Cristina Di Monaco, Julia Sara Napoli, Grazia Massa, Pietro Vajro
Summary: Purpose of this study was to explore the role of lifestyle and diet in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigate the potential benefits of diets and dietary supplementations in improving patient outcomes. Findings revealed that there is no universally best diet for MS, but healthy and balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting processed foods, sugar, and saturated fat appear to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and promote a gut microbiota that supports gut and brain barriers. Vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most studied supplements for reducing MS-associated inflammation. In addition, counseling on appropriate diet and maintaining physical activity is recommended for MS prevention and management in both adults and children until more research is available on newer approaches.
Article
Immunology
Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi, Mojgan Ghaemipanaeian, Sara Soleimani Asl, Faeze Foroughi-Parvar, Amir Hossein Maghsood
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on a multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse model. The results showed that chronic toxoplasmosis could inhibit the development of MS, reduce clinical symptoms, and decrease the levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines. These findings suggest that chronic toxoplasmosis may have therapeutic potential for MS.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)