Microbial translocation in HIV infection: causes, consequences and treatment opportunities

Severe Immune Dysregulation Affects CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in HIV-Infected Patients With Low-level CD4 T-Cell Repopulation Despite Suppressive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

(2012) Gema Méndez-Lagares et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Early and Long-Lasting Alteration of Effector CD45RA−Foxp3high Regulatory T-Cell Homeostasis During HIV Infection

(2012) Federico Simonetta et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Of Microbes and Meals

(2012) Caleb J. Kelly et al.   NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Lymphoid tissue structure and HIV-1 infection: life or death for T cells

(2012) Ming Zeng et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Antibody and B-cell responses may control circulating lipopolysaccharide in patients with HIV infection

(2011) Andrew Lim et al.   AIDS

Microbial translocation predicts disease progression of HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients with high CD4+ cell count

(2011) Giulia Marchetti et al.   AIDS

Sigmoid Th17 populations, the HIV latent reservoir, and microbial translocation in men on long-term antiretroviral therapy

(2011) Duncan Chege et al.   AIDS

Inflammatory cytokines in cancer: tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 take the stage

(2011) S. I. Grivennikov et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Pathogenic Mechanisms of HIV Disease

(2011) Susan Moir et al.   Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease

High prevalence of liver fibrosis associated with HIV infection: a study in rural Rakai, Uganda

(2011) Lara Stabinski et al.   ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-treated immunologic nonresponders

(2011) S. Piconi et al.   BLOOD

Gut inflammation and indoleamine deoxygenase inhibit IL-17 production and promote cytotoxic potential in NKp44+ mucosal NK cells during SIV infection

(2011) R. K. Reeves et al.   BLOOD

Premature Age-Related Comorbidities Among HIV-Infected Persons Compared With the General Population

(2011) G. Guaraldi et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in HIV-1 Infection: Connecting Microbial Translocation, Cell Death and Immune Activation

(2011) Marius Troseid et al.   CURRENT HIV RESEARCH

HIV Persistence in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy Correlates with Immune Activation and Increased Levels of LPS

(2011) Gabriella d'Ettorre et al.   CURRENT HIV RESEARCH

Host Response to Translocated Microbial Products Predicts Outcomes of Patients With HBV or HCV Infection

(2011) Netanya G. Sandler et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

(2011) Georgios N. Kalambokis et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Molecular Characterization of Stool Microbiota in HIV-Infected Subjects by Panbacterial and Order-Level 16S Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) Quantification and Correlations With Immune Activation

(2011) Collin L Ellis et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Plasma sCD14 Is a Biomarker Associated With Impaired Neurocognitive Test Performance in Attention and Learning Domains in HIV Infection

(2011) Jennifer L Lyons et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Increased Platelet and Microparticle Activation in HIV Infection

(2011) Elizabeth Mayne et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Altered CD4+ T cell homing to the gut impairs mucosal immune reconstitution in treated HIV-infected individuals

(2011) Maud Mavigner et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Novel Sensitive Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Bacterial 16S rRNA Genes in Plasma of HIV-Infected Patients as a Marker for Microbial Translocation

(2011) M. Kramski et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Lipopolysaccharide levels are elevated in dengue virus infected patients and correlate with disease severity

(2011) Cornelia A.M. van de Weg et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Soluble CD163, a Novel Marker of Activated Macrophages, Is Elevated and Associated With Noncalcified Coronary Plaque in HIV-Infected Patients

(2011) Tricia H. Burdo et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy With Raltegravir or Addition of Hyperimmune Bovine Colostrum in HIV-Infected Patients With Suboptimal CD4+ T-Cell Response: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(2011) Helen Byakwaga et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CD4+ T-Cell Deficiency in HIV Patients Responding to Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Increased Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in CD4+ T Cells

(2011) Sonia Fernandez et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Immunologic Failure Despite Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Is Related to Activation and Turnover of Memory CD4 Cells

(2011) Michael M. Lederman et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Soluble CD163 Made by Monocyte/Macrophages Is a Novel Marker of HIV Activity in Early and Chronic Infection Prior to and After Anti-retroviral Therapy

(2011) Tricia H. Burdo et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Plasma Levels of Soluble CD14 Independently Predict Mortality in HIV Infection

(2011) Netanya G. Sandler et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the “COPA” pilot randomized trial

(2011) A Gori et al.   Mucosal Immunology

The immune system in atherosclerosis

(2011) Göran K Hansson et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Increased Microbial Translocation in ≤180 Days Old Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Infants as Compared With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-exposed Uninfected Infants of Similar Age

(2011) Emmanouil Papasavvas et al.   PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Both Contribute to Pathological CD4 T Cell Activation in HIV-1 Infected Ugandans

(2011) Michael A. Eller et al.   PLoS One

Endotoxemia Is Associated with Altered Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Untreated HIV-1 Infected Individuals

(2011) Anne Roslev Bukh et al.   PLoS One

Evidence for Polymicrobic Flora Translocating in Peripheral Blood of HIV-Infected Patients with Poor Immune Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

(2011) Esther Merlini et al.   PLoS One

Therapeutical targeting of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors prevents experimental cerebral malaria

(2011) Bernardo S. Franklin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Influence of Severity of Illness on the Effects of Eritoran Tetrasodium (E5564) and on Other Therapies for Severe Sepsis

(2011) Andre C. Kalil et al.   SHOCK

Evidence That Lipopolisaccharide May Contribute to the Cytokine Storm and Cellular Activation in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis

(2011) Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira et al.   PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Microbial translocation induces persistent macrophage activation unrelated to HIV-1 levels or T-cell activation following therapy

(2010) Mark A Wallet et al.   AIDS

Exposure to HIV-1-encoded Toll-like receptor 8 ligands enhances monocyte response to microbial encoded Toll-like receptor 2/4 ligands

(2010) Marianne W Mureith et al.   AIDS

Immune activation, apoptosis, and Treg activity are associated with persistently reduced CD4+ T-cell counts during antiretroviral therapy

(2010) Stefania Piconi et al.   AIDS

CD4 T-cell hyperactivation and susceptibility to cell death determine poor CD4 T-cell recovery during suppressive HAART

(2010) Marta Massanella et al.   AIDS

Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in HIV-Infected Patients: A Case Control Evaluation and Review of the Literature

(2010) Miriam Cesari et al.   AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS

The immune system and bone

(2010) Roberto Pacifici   ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

Sevelamer Decreases Systemic Inflammation in Parallel to a Reduction in Endotoxemia

(2010) A.E.M. Stinghen et al.   BLOOD PURIFICATION

Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children

(2010) Giada De Palma et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

Increased soluble CD14 serum levels and altered CD14 expression of peripheral blood monocytes in HIV-infected patients

(2010) W. A. NOCKHER et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY

Plasma citrulline as a quantitative biomarker of HIV-associated villous atrophy in a tropical enteropathy population

(2010) Cinzia Papadia et al.   CLINICAL NUTRITION

Noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV infection

(2010) Eugenia Vispo et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Acute HIV Infection Induces Mucosal Infiltration With CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells, Epithelial Apoptosis, and a Mucosal Barrier Defect

(2010) Hans–Jörg Epple et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Nonprogressive and Progressive Primate Immunodeficiency Lentivirus Infections

(2010) Jason M. Brenchley et al.   IMMUNITY

A Role for Syndecan-1 and Claudin-2 in Microbial Translocation During HIV-1 Infection

(2010) Anthony J Smith et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Disruption of Intestinal CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis Is a Key Marker of Systemic CD4+ T Cell Activation in HIV-Infected Individuals

(2010) S. N. Gordon et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Microbial Translocation Correlates with the Severity of Both HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 Infections

(2010) Salma Nowroozalizadeh et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Persistent Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV‐1–Infected South Africans Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

(2010) Edana Cassol et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Susceptibility of Human Th17 Cells to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Perturbation during Infection

(2010) Aimee El Hed et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Biological Determinants of Immune Reconstitution in HIV‐Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: The Role of Interleukin 7 and Interleukin 7 Receptor α and Microbial Translocation

(2010) Reena Rajasuriar et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Peripheral biomarkers do not correlate with cognitive impairment in highly active antiretroviral therapy–treated subjects with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

(2010) Bing Sun et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Reduction of Immune Activation with Chloroquine Therapy during Chronic HIV Infection

(2010) S. M. Murray et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors

(2010) Taro Kawai et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity

(2010) Thomas B Clarke et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability

(2010) Ernesto Cristiano Lauritano et al.   SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Tryptophan Catabolism by Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters the Balance of TH17 to Regulatory T Cells in HIV Disease

(2010) D. Favre et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity Linked to Microbial Translocation in Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

(2010) Jacob D. Estes et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Exposure to HIV-1 Directly Impairs Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity Allowing Microbial Translocation

(2010) Aisha Nazli et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Kupffer cells are depleted with HIV immunodeficiency and partially recovered with antiretroviral immune reconstitution

(2009) Ashwin Balagopal et al.   AIDS

Delayed loss of control of plasma lipopolysaccharide levels after therapy interruption in chronically HIV-1-infected patients

(2009) Emmanouil Papasavvas et al.   AIDS

Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis

(2009) J. VLACHOGIANNAKOS et al.   ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Plasma citrulline is a biomarker of enterocyte mass and an indicator of parenteral nutrition in HIV-infected patients

(2009) Pascal Crenn et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION

Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation

(2009) N. T. Funderburg et al.   BLOOD

Th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: Dichotomies of help and harm

(2009) Janet Z. Liu et al.   CYTOKINE

Microbial translocation is associated with residual viral replication in HAART-treated HIV+ subjects with

(2009) Silvia Baroncelli et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation

(2009) Pranoti Mandrekar et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Plasma Levels of Bacterial DNA Correlate with Immune Activation and the Magnitude of Immune Restoration in Persons with Antiretroviral‐Treated HIV Infection

(2009) Wei Jiang et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Bacteroides fragilis signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and not through TLR4

(2009) M. Alhawi et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Cycling of gut mucosal CD4+ T cells decreases after prolonged anti-retroviral therapy and is associated with plasma LPS levels

(2009) E J Ciccone et al.   Mucosal Immunology

HIV-1 RNA Dysregulates the Natural TLR Response to Subclinical Endotoxemia in Kenyan Female Sex-Workers

(2009) Richard T. Lester et al.   PLoS One

Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa

(2009) A. D. Redd et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Disturbance of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is associated with disease progression in chronic HIV infection

(2009) Ursula Hofer et al.   Seminars in Immunopathology

Microbial translocation is associated with sustained failure in CD4+ T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy

(2008) Giulia Marchetti et al.   AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

(2008) Fadi Matta et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES

Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections

(2008) J. M. Brenchley et al.   BLOOD

Epidemiological Evidence for Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients and Relationship to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

(2008) Judith S. Currier et al.   CIRCULATION

Bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and noninfected ascites mimics the soluble immune response established in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

(2008) Rubén Francés et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Collagen Deposition Limits Immune Reconstitution in the Gut

(2008) Jacob Estes et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Altered balance between Th17 and Th1 cells at mucosal sites predicts AIDS progression in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

(2008) V Cecchinato et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Induction and effector functions of TH17 cells

(2008) Estelle Bettelli et al.   NATURE

Microbial Translocation Is Associated with Increased Monocyte Activation and Dementia in AIDS Patients

(2008) Petronela Ancuta et al.   PLoS One

Inflammatory and Coagulation Biomarkers and Mortality in Patients with HIV Infection

(2008) Lewis H Kuller et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

Detectable serum flagellin and lipopolysaccharide and upregulated anti-flagellin and lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins in human short bowel syndrome

(2007) Thomas R. Ziegler et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Relationship between T Cell Activation and CD4+T Cell Count in HIV‐Seropositive Individuals with Undetectable Plasma HIV RNA Levels in the Absence of Therapy

(2007) Peter W. Hunt et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES