Article
Immunology
Liting Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Song Gao, Haibo Yuan, Lingli Zuo, Chaoyi Wu, Rui Huang, Shuyan Wu
Summary: The Salmonella spvC gene inhibits autophagy, influences pyroptosis through its phosphothreonine lyase activity, and reduces the protein levels of NLRP3 and NLRC4, effects that can be altered by the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcel Hahn, Adriana Covarrubias-Pinto, Lina Herhaus, Shankha Satpathy, Kevin Klann, Keith B. Boyle, Christian Munch, Krishnaraj Rajalingam, Felix Randow, Chunaram Choudhary, Ivan Dikic
Summary: SIK2 kinase is a central component of the host defense machinery during Salmonella infection, and its depletion can lead to bacterial escape and impaired Xenophagy. During bacterial infection, SIK2 associates with actin and is recruited to the Salmonella-containing vacuole, controlling the formation of a protective SCV actin shield.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Abdulhadi Suwandi, Manoj B. Menon, Alexey Kotlyarov, Guntram A. Grassl, Matthias Gaestel
Summary: This study investigates the role of p38(MAPK)/MK2 in modulating the susceptibility of host cells to Salmonella infection. Inhibition of p38(MAPK) or MK2 increases bacterial counts in infected cells. MK2-deficient cells also exhibit lower level of autophagy and phosphorylation of important proteins involved in promoting autophagy of bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Barbara M. Schultz, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Geraldyne A. Salazar, Barbara N. Porto, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: Salmonella enterica is a common source of food and water-borne infections, causing a wide range of clinical ailments in both human and animal hosts. Immunity to Salmonella involves an interplay between different immune responses, despite the bacterium's strategies to evade host immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Clivia Lisowski, Jane Dias, Susana Costa, Ricardo Jorge Silva, Miguel Mano, Ana Eulalio
Summary: Research indicates that during Salmonella infection, dysregulation of host cell endolysosomal trafficking leads to inhibition of vacuolar replication in host cells arrested in G(1), while cytosolic replication of the closely related pathogen Shigella remains unaffected. This disruption results in Salmonella release into the host cytosol, compromising vacuole maturation and integrity.
Article
Immunology
Ritika Chatterjee, Debalina Chaudhuri, Subba Rao Gangi Setty, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Summary: Salmonella is a stealthy intracellular pathogen that evades host immune responses and establishes a replicative niche in hostile environments like macrophages. It escapes autophagy by inhibiting the fusion of Salmonella-containing vacuoles with lysosomes/autophagosomes and downregulates lysosomal biogenesis, facilitating its survival in macrophages and systemic dissemination.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kimberly L. Carey, Kai Liu, Ramnik J. Xavier
Summary: Human genetics and loss-of-function studies reveal the crucial role of autophagy in host defense, with a focus on the phosphoinositide phosphatase SACM1L. The study demonstrates that SACM1L enzymatic activity is essential to suppress intracellular Salmonella replication, providing insights into the mechanisms behind autophagic maturation and bacterial survival. The findings highlight the interplay between host defense and bacterial survival, dependent on the composition of autophagosomal membranes.
Article
Immunology
Jeremy Bechelli, Claire S. Rumfield, David H. Walker, Steven Widen, Kamil Khanipov, Rong Fang
Summary: The study found that R. australis infection decreased levels of IFN-gamma and G-CSF in host mice, reduced rickettsial loads in tissues with cellular infiltrations, and regulated gene expression pathways such as IL-1 family cytokines and PI3K-Akt-mTOR in a manner dependent on Atg5. Additionally, infected macrophages released significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and there was an increase in phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K during the autophagic response induced by R. australis, which was not sensitive to mTORC1 regulation or promoted by rapamycin treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Susan M. Brewer, Christian Twittenhoff, Jens Kortmann, Sky W. Brubaker, Jared Honeycutt, Liliana Moura Massis, Trung H. M. Pham, Franz Narberhaus, Denise M. Monack
Summary: Bacterial pathogens adjust their virulence factor expression in response to temperature changes through an RNA thermosensor, impacting their survival and infection capability. Specific pathogens like Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) regulate gene expression to successfully infect hosts and evade immune responses.
Article
Immunology
Madhur Sachan, Katelynn R. Brann, Marissa S. Fullerton, Daniel E. Voth, Rahul Raghavan
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in gene regulation and are involved in modulating various physiological processes, including the host response to intracellular infections. This study investigates the miRNA expression in macrophages infected with C. burnetii and identifies several differentially expressed miRNAs. Specifically, miR-143-3p, whose expression is downregulated during C. burnetii infection, promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy, thereby benefiting the pathogen.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sheryl Erica Fernandes, Alakesh Alakesh, R. S. Rajmani, Siddharth Jhunjhunwala, Deepak Kumar Saini
Summary: Elevated antimicrobial responses in senescent cells and older individuals can reduce bacterial survival after infection, while high levels of pro-inflammatory responses in older mice may contribute to increased morbidity from infections.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua Ames, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Rahul Suryawanshi, James Hopkins, Alexander Agelidis, Chandrashekhar Patil, Brian Fredericks, Henry Tseng, Tibor Valyi-Nagy, Deepak Shukla
Summary: The study demonstrates that the autophagy receptor OPTN plays a crucial neuroprotective role during HSV-1 infection by degrading viral proteins, preventing virus spread and neuronal necroptosis. Lack of OPTN leads to cognitive decline and susceptibility to lethal CNS infection in mice, indicating its importance in survival from potentially deadly viral infections.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Felix Scharte, Rico Franzkoch, Michael Hensel
Summary: Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen causing different diseases in humans. The mechanism of invasion and dissemination of typhoidal and non-typhoidal serovars are different. SPA exhibits cytosolic motility mediated by flagella, which allows it to evade xenophagy and contribute to the dissemination of systemic infection. This study used single-cell microscopy to analyze the triggers and cellular consequences of cytosolic motility.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mohd Shariq, Neha Quadir, Neha Sharma, Jasdeep Singh, Javaid A. Sheikh, Mohd Khubaib, Seyed E. Hasnain, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham
Summary: RipA activates NF kappa B signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intracellular survival and replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Valentina Millarte, Martin Spiess
Summary: In this recent study, a new role for RABEP1/Rabaptin5 in targeting the autophagy machinery to damaged early endosomes was uncovered. This was achieved through its interaction with RB1CC1/FIP200 and ATG16L1, and sheds light on the specific autophagy of damaged early endosomes.