Article
Pathology
Kevan J. Salimian, Jacqueline Birkness-Gartman, Kevin M. Waters
Summary: This review summarizes the important steps and features in the progression from reflux esophagitis to Barrett esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The histological features of these entities are discussed, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management. The definition of Barrett esophagus is a contentious topic, and the assessment of dysplasia in esophageal adenocarcinoma remains challenging. Emerging targeted therapies and ancillary tests are also discussed.
Article
Oncology
Judith Offman, Francesca Pesola, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Willie Hamilton, Peter Sasieni
Summary: The study found that patients with a prior diagnosis of Barrett esophagus had a survival advantage in esophageal cancer and adenocarcinoma cohorts, even if they had fewer endoscopies. This survival benefit was not fully explained by surveillance endoscopies.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Steffen Kallbekken
Summary: The transition to net-zero emissions is likely to face opposition, which can result in political polarization and social unrest. To ensure a successful and widely accepted transition, research on public support needs to rapidly advance in multiple dimensions.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Qihui Wang, Hua Chen, Yi Shi, Alice C. Hughes, William J. Liu, Jingkun Jiang, George F. Gao, Yongbiao Xue, Yigang Tong
Summary: Understanding the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from its natural reservoir to humans is crucial for preventing future coronavirus outbreaks. Through accumulated research data and lessons learned from battling pathogens, multiple potential locations as natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified.
Article
Ecology
Andreea Raluca Slave, Ioan-Cristian Ioja, Constantina-Alina Hossu, Simona R. Gradinaru, Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor, Anna M. Hersperger
Summary: Public consultation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable urban development, yet there is still a lack of understanding about public engagement in the planning process. This study aimed to explore public needs in planning urban space by analyzing online comments related to urban planning in Bucharest, Romania. Through a self-organizing map (SOM) method, 13 clusters were identified, revealing the main topics discussed by the public, including urban green spaces, cultural heritage protection, and administrative issues. The study also found that the objective of the plan and its year of approval positively influenced the presence and number of comments. These findings are important for creating urban projects that better align with public needs and supporting sustainable urban spatial development.
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Nikos Papanikolaou, Giacomo Vaccario, Erik Hormann, Renaud Lambiotte, Frank Schweitzer
Summary: This study investigates the impact of group interactions on the emergence of consensus in a spin system. The research finds that group interactions amplify initial opinion biases, accelerate consensus formation, and result in a drift of the average magnetization.
Review
Immunology
Rosa Bacchetta, Kenneth Weinberg
Summary: In the development of thymic regulatory T cells (tTreg), the expression of the FOXP3 transcription factor is crucial, and its induction is influenced by a variety of extracellular signals in addition to TCR activation. Understanding the molecular events underlying tTreg generation in the human system remains challenging, with most insights coming from studies in murine models. Inborn errors of immunity can shed light on the critical roles of certain molecules during tTreg development and how abnormalities in their development and function lead to specific diseases.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jianling Wang, Francois Hammer, Yanbin Yang
Summary: The properties of the Magellanic Stream are prominently displayed and successfully explained using the "ram-pressure plus collision" model. The model is able to predict the latest observations and provides a promising approach to study the properties of the stream.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ludovic Maisonneuve, Charline Smadi, Violaine Llaurens
Summary: The female-limited mimicry observed in some butterfly species is a classic example of sexually dimorphic trait submitted to intense natural selection. Two evolutionary hypotheses based on natural and sexual selection have been proposed, but the origin of female preference for non-mimetic males remains unclear.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Cui Shang, Runtong Zhang, Xiaomin Zhu
Summary: In this study, the belief system dynamics model is proposed to analyze the opinion evolution of a social group on interdependent topics. By theoretical analysis and simulations, it is found that social embedding can change the belief system and an embedding method is proposed to guide online public opinion.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ziwen Qin, Yan Sun, Jian Zhang, Ling Zhou, Yujuan Chen, Chuanjun Huang
Summary: This review summarizes the epidemiological investigation and etiological analysis of the original strain and its variants of the COVID-19 virus, including their genomic, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics, as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment. It also discusses the prevention and control measures used during the current Omicron pandemic.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aswin Chari, Sophie Adler, Konrad Wagstyl, Kiran Seunarine, M. Zubair Tahir, Friederike Moeller, Rachel Thornton, Steward Boyd, Krishna Das, Gerald Cooray, Stuart Smith, Felice D'Arco, Torsten Baldeweg, Christin Eltze, J. Helen Cross, Martin M. M. Tisdall
Summary: The study evaluated a lesion detection algorithm for detecting focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in children undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). The algorithm was able to aid in identifying the seizure-onset zone (SOZ) without adverse events in the patients.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Patric Kienast, Ernst Schwartz, Mariana C. Diogo, Gerlinde M. Gruber, Peter C. Brugger, Herbert Kiss, Barbara Ulm, Lisa Bartha-Doering, Rainer Seidl, Michael Weber, Georg Langs, Daniela Prayer, Gregor Kasprian
Summary: The study investigated structural brain asymmetry in 21 fetuses with body lateralization defects and found no significant differences in asymmetry indices compared to healthy controls, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms involved in body axis definition may occur independently from early establishment of brain asymmetry. In individuals with lateralization defects, atypically inverted early brain asymmetries are rare and may have complex neurodevelopmental backgrounds with unknown postnatal functional consequences.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ethan Z. Malkin, Steven De Michino, Meghan Lambie, Rita Gill, Zhen Zhao, Ariana Rostami, Andrea Arruda, Mark D. Minden, Scott V. Bratman
Summary: Cancer cells release cfDNA, which is predominantly associated with nucleosomal particles and not EVs. Additionally, a subset of mitochondrial cfDNA is membrane protected and derived from non-tumor cells. These findings have important implications for understanding the topology of cfDNA in cancer.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kun Yang, Se Hyun Kim, Hyun Woo Jeong, Dong Hyun Lee, Geun Hyeong Park, Younghwan Lee, Min Hyuk Park
Summary: Ferroelectric fluorite-structured oxide thin films have unique properties such as superior scalability and compatibility with current technology. As the size of the films shrinks, the contribution of the interfacial layer becomes more important, and understanding the interface chemistry is crucial for industrial applications. This review focuses on the emerging semiconductor devices based on ferroelectric oxide thin films and discusses the impact of interface chemistry on their properties.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ann-Marie Baker, William Cross, Kit Curtius, Ibrahim Al Bakir, Chang-Ho Ryan Choi, Hayley Louise Davis, Daniel Temko, Sujata Biswas, Pierre Martinez, Marc J. Williams, James O. Lindsay, Roger Feakins, Roser Vega, Stephen J. Hayes, Ian P. M. Tomlinson, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Morgan Moorghen, Andrew Silver, James E. East, Nicholas A. Wright, Lai Mun Wang, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Marnix Jansen, Ailsa L. Hart, Simon J. Leedham, Trevor A. Graham
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ann-Marie Baker, Calum Gabbutt, Marc J. Williams, Biancastella Cereser, Noor Jawad, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Marnix Jansen, Chris P. Barnes, Benjamin D. Simons, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Trevor A. Graham, Nicholas A. Wright
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Matthew Banks, David Graham, Marnix Jansen, Takuji Gotoda, Sergio Coda, Massimiliano di Pietro, Noriya Uedo, Pradeep Bhandari, D. Mark Pritchard, Ernst J. Kuipers, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Marco R. Novelli, Krish Ragunath, Neil Shepherd, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marnix Jansen, Matthew Banks
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Myrtle J. van der Wel, Helen G. Coleman, Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman, Marnix Jansen, Sybren L. Meijer
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James A. Evans, Emanuela Carlotti, Meng-Lay Lin, Richard J. Hackett, Magnus J. Haughey, Adam M. Passman, Lorna Dunn, George Elia, Ross J. Porter, Mairi H. McLean, Frances Hughes, Joanne ChinAleong, Philip Woodland, Sean L. Preston, S. Michael Griffin, Laurence Lovat, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Weini Huang, Nicholas A. Wright, Marnix Jansen, Stuart A. C. McDonald
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of gland phenotypes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and found that diverse gland phenotypes represent an evolutionary process, with changes in gland diversity potentially playing a role in disease progression.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Melissa Schmidt, Richard J. Hackett, Ann-Marie Baker, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Michael Quante, Trevor A. Graham
Summary: Cancer development is a dynamic evolutionary process with intratumoural heterogeneity. Barrett's esophagus serves as a model system to study malignant evolution, with evidence suggesting pre-programmed progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma years before clinical detection. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Barrett's esophagus may lead to novel therapeutic targets and personalized surveillance programs to prevent progression to EAC.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Esha Madan, Antonio M. Palma, Vignesh Vudatha, Jose G. Trevino, Kedar Nath Natarajan, Robert A. Winn, Kyoung Jae Won, Trevor A. Graham, Ronny Drapkin, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Paul B. Fisher, Rajan Gogna
Summary: The majority of human cancers evolve through the accumulation of somatic mutations and clonal selection. The mechanisms governing clonal dynamics and selection during the early stages of tissue transformation are still unclear. Cell competition, known as "survival of the fittest" at the cellular level, can eliminate less fit cells or lead to the uncontrolled expansion of super-fit cancer cells. Recent research has highlighted the role of interclonal competition and cancer microenvironment competition in tumor progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Adam M. Passman, Magnus J. Haughey, Emanuela Carlotti, Marc J. Williams, Bianca Cereser, Meng-Lay Lin, Shruthi Devkumar, Jonathan P. Gabriel, Enrico Gringeri, Umberto Cillo, Francesco Paolo Russo, Matthew Hoare, Joanne ChinAleong, Marnix Jansen, Nicholas A. Wright, Hermant M. Kocher, Weini Huang, Malcolm R. Alison, Stuart A. C. McDonald
Summary: The origin and expansion dynamics of hepatocyte clones in the normal human liver have been determined using lineage tracing, methylation sequence analysis, and next-generation sequencing. Clonal patches of hepatocytes commonly associate with portal tracts and can lineage-trace with cholangiocytes, indicating a common ancestor at this niche. The patterns of mitochondrial DNA variants reveal spatially restricted mutations and limited clonal mutations, indicating slow growth and quiescence of clonal patches.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Meng-Lay Lin, John W. Hickey, Christian M. Schurch, Emanuela Carlotti, Adam M. Passman, Richard J. Hackett, Shruthi Devkumar, James A. Evans, Philippe D. Gascard, Thea D. Tlsty, Lorenzo E. Ferri, Garry P. Nolan, Stuart A. McDonald
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lydia Neary-Zajiczek, Clara Essmann, Anita Rau, Sophia Bano, Neil Clancy, Marnix Jansen, Lauren Heptinstall, Elena Miranda, Amir Gander, Vijay Pawar, Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes, Michael Shaw, Brian Davidson, Danail Stoyanov
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel approach to improve the accuracy of tumor margin estimation during cancer resection surgery by using a measurable property of bulk tissue to infer elastic modulus without the need for staining. By accurately localizing AFM measurements and training a generative adversarial network, pathology can be predicted through unsupervised clustering of parameters, achieving high accuracy rates for both nominal and independently validated samples. This technique shows promise for increasing the feasibility of intraoperative frozen section analysis and improving patient outcomes during resection surgery.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Adam M. Passman, Magnus J. Haughey, Emanuela Carlotti, Mark Williams, Biancastella Cereser, Francesco P. Russo, Matthew Hoare, Hemant Kocher, Joanne Chin-Aleong, Trevor A. Graham, Nicholas A. Wright, Weini Huang, Malcolm Alison, Stuart A. McDonald
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sebastian Zeki, Richard Hackett, Jason Dunn, Aaron Bancil, Sean Preston, Joanne Chin-Aleong, Jonathan Brown, Stuart McDonald
Correction
Oncology
Anna L. M. Smith, Julia C. Whitehall, Carla Bradshaw, David Gay, Fiona Robertson, Alasdair P. Blain, Gavin Hudson, Angela Pyle, David Houghton, Matthew Hunt, James N. Sampson, Craig Stamp, Grace Mallett, Shoba Amarnath, Jack Leslie, Fiona Oakley, Laura Wilson, Angela Baker, Oliver M. Russell, Riem Johnson, Claire A. Richardson, Bhavana Gupta, Iain McCallum, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Seamus Kelly, John C. Mathers, Rakesh Heer, Robert W. Taylor, Neil D. Perkins, Doug M. Turnbull, Owen J. Sansom, Laura C. Greaves
Article
Oncology
Anna L. M. Smith, Julia C. Whitehall, Carla Bradshaw, David Gay, Fiona Robertson, Alasdair P. Blain, Gavin Hudson, Angela Pyle, David Houghton, Matthew Hunt, James N. Sampson, Craig Stamp, Grace Mallett, Shoba Amarnath, Jack Leslie, Fiona Oakley, Laura Wilson, Angela Baker, Oliver M. Russell, Riem Johnson, Claire A. Richardson, Bhavana Gupta, Iain McCallum, Stuart A. C. McDonald, Seamus Kelly, John C. Mathers, Rakesh Heer, Robert W. Taylor, Neil D. Perkins, Doug M. Turnbull, Owen J. Sansom, Laura C. Greaves