Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Lisa M. Shackelton, Jurij Hanzel, Christopher Ma, Vipul Jairath, Brian G. Feagan
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a group of complex immune-mediated disorders. Targeting the IL-23/Th-17 axis has shown effectiveness in the treatment of these diseases. IL-12/23 inhibitors have been approved for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, while IL-23p19 antagonists have shown better outcomes in psoriasis patients. Many specific IL-23p19 antagonists are being studied in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Mastrogiorgio
Summary: Predictive brain theory challenges the traditional view of the brain extracting knowledge from sensations and proposes that the brain actively constructs explanations about reality. This article introduces a new approach called Quantum Predictive Brain (QPB) based on quantum probability, which considers top-down predictions and bottom-up evidence as complementary. QPB can explain high-order cognitive phenomena and provides new insights into neural reuse mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kyle A. Brown, Morgan K. Gugger, Zhen Yu, David Moreno, Song Jin, Ying Ge
Summary: Nonionic surfactants are widely used in cell lysis for protein extraction, stabilization, and purification in structural biology. However, they often interfere with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. In this study, a cleavable nonionic surfactant, n-decyl-disulfide-beta-D-maltoside (DSSM), was developed to overcome this limitation. DSSM is compatible with ESI-MS and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-MS analysis and allows for characterization of membrane proteins and endogenous proteins, making it a potential replacement for the commonly used surfactant DDM in proteomic experiments and structural biology studies.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kyle A. Brown, Morgan K. Gugger, Zhen Yu, David Moreno, Song Jin, Ying Ge
Summary: Nonionic surfactants are commonly used reagents for cell lysis and protein extraction in structural biology. However, their presence often interferes with protein analysis by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This study introduces a cleavable surfactant, DSSM, which is compatible with ESI-MS analysis and enables top-down proteomics characterization. DSSM can replace DDM in proteomic experiments and structural biology studies.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cosmo Godino, Andrea Scotti, Norma Maugeri, Nicasio Mancini, Evgeny Fominskiy, Alberto Margonato, Giovanni Landoni
Summary: In patients with severe or critical COVID-19 manifestations, anticoagulant therapy may lead to better outcomes and serve as a possible protective mechanism against the prothrombotic state induced by SARS-CoV-2. The use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy should be guided by clinical context and disease severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Bellomo, Cristina Pavan, Gianluca Fiore, Guillermo Escolano-Casado, Lorenzo Mino, Francesco Turci
Summary: Occupational exposure to quartz dust is associated with fatal diseases. The contribution of nanometric particles to the toxicity of quartz is still largely unknown. In this study, a top-down milling procedure was used to obtain a nanometric quartz with similar surface properties to fractured quartz, providing a novel material for toxicological investigations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
T. Burr, S. Croft, A. Favalli, T. Krieger, B. Weaver
Summary: This paper reviews progress and presents new results for uncertainty quantification in nuclear safeguards, focusing on data-driven choices in SD estimation, the use of approximate Bayesian computation, computational calibration, revisions to the GUM, and critique of a Unified Theory of Measurement Errors and Uncertainties.
CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi Liu, Gaofeng Shi, Mingyang Li, Hongbing Xing, Yan Song, Luchuan Xiao, Yuguang Guan, Zaizhu Han
Summary: In a study utilizing stereoelectroencephalography on 33 epilepsy patients during visual lexical decisions, it was found that lexical processing occurs early and modulates word form recognition, providing supportive evidence for the interactive theory of word recognition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Marlene Forstinger, Ulrich Ansorge
Summary: Recent experiments have shown that during the search for a target, attention is guided by both positive and negative features. Positive features capture attention, while negative features are suppressed. This suggests that both capture and suppression play a role in guiding visual attention.
Article
Neurosciences
Jose M. G. Penalver, David Lopez-Garcia, Carlos Gonzalez-Garcia, Blanca Aguado-Lopez, Juan M. Gorriz, Maria Ruz
Summary: Proactive cognition brain models are widely used and acknowledged nowadays. This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in the preparatory activity of selective attention and perceptual expectation. EEG data showed that both manipulations led to a significant prediction of the relevant or expected target category. However, the neural patterns were unique to each condition, indicating distinct mechanisms in attention and expectation. These findings contribute to our understanding of top-down anticipatory processing in the brain.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Maria Kon, Gregory Francis
Summary: A fundamental characteristic of human visual perception is the ability to group disparate elements together. Understanding the mechanisms behind this grouping can enhance machine vision algorithms, as grouping plays a crucial role in various visual phenomena.
Article
Economics
Valentina Forrer, Monica Plechero, Alessandro Rossi, Erica Santini
Summary: The paper examines how cognitive and institutional structures impact the legitimization of emerging industries in traditional manufacturing areas. Comparing two mechatronics clusters in Northeast Italy, the study reveals that evolution and legitimation of these industries can result from both bottom-up dynamics related to technological upgrading of historical industrial specializations and top-down institutional strategies in fragmented business communities.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Abdul Rehman Basharat, Yong Zang, Liangliang Sun, Xiaowen Liu
Summary: This article introduces a software tool called TopFD for protein analysis, which accurately detects protein features and improves the accuracy of protein form identification and quantification in mass spectrometry analysis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianpei Ge, Zhaobo Wei, Xiaoli Zheng, Qun Xu
Summary: This study reports the facile bottom-up synthesis of 2D amorphous MoO3-x nanosheets using supercritical CO2 as a surface confining agent, with morphology tailored by adjusting pressure and enhanced surface plasma resonance exhibited. The prepared nanosheets show outstanding photothermal conversion performance, providing insights into the amorphization mechanism of 2D materials.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Aditi Khot, Brett M. Savoie
Summary: This study presents a coarse-grained modeling framework flexible enough to explore the structure-function relationships of organic mixed conductors exhibiting both ionic and electronic conductivity. The model successfully replicates experimental trends and reveals the complex interplay between polymer morphology, ionic-electronic coupling, and electrolyte distribution. This framework provides validation for future applications in establishing structure-function relationships in this important material class and suggests near-term opportunities for tailoring mixed conduction via side-chain design.