Review
Oncology
Antonio Vitiello, Francesco Ferrara, Ruggero Lasala, Andrea Zovi
Summary: Therapeutic breakthroughs in urothelial carcinoma have been rapidly developing, but the resistance and prognosis of this disease remain challenging. Understanding new therapeutic perspectives is a priority to introduce new drug models that can counteract the worsening prognosis and unfavorable diagnosis. Treatment-resistant clones are a crucial issue in the care of urothelial carcinoma patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of urothelial cancer and providing an overview of immunotherapies that can be used in the clinical setting to combat the disease are important.
Review
Oncology
Jules L. Derks, Nicole Rijnsburger, Bregtje C. M. Hermans, Laura Moonen, Lisa M. Hillen, Jan H. von der Thusen, Michael A. den Bakker, Robert J. van Suylen, Ernst-Jan M. Speel, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans
Summary: Diagnosing pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms poses challenges in clinical decision making, with discussions on outcome parameters, prognostic factors, and diagnostic criteria for different types of NENs, such as carcinoids and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Evaluation of molecular markers and incorporating them into NEN classification may help inform treatment outcomes and improve clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yoshitaka Toyama, Rudolf A. Werner, Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya, Alvaro A. Ordonez, Kei Takase, Constantin Lapa, Sanjay K. Jain, Martin G. Pomper, Steven P. Rowe, Takahiro Higuchi
Summary: In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in nuclear oncology from single-photon-emitting radionuclide radiotracers to positron-emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. PET radionuclide imaging for kidneys, although still in its infancy, offers precise anatomical co-registration with CT images and dynamic three-dimensional imaging capabilities. Additionally, PET reduces scan time and radiation exposure compared to scintigraphic approaches, potentially impacting clinical practice in pediatric populations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Niaj Morshed, Safia Iqbal, Shahnawaz Mohammad, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Deok Chun Yang, Yeon Ju Kim, Joon Hyun Song, Dong Uk Yang
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms of SCFAs and other metabolites produced by SCFA-producing bacteria against kidney cancer and inflammation. The researchers identified key gene targets and suitable compounds that function against these conditions. The findings support the positive effects of SCFA-producing microbial metabolites and propose research proposals for future studies.
Review
Oncology
Blessie Elizabeth Nelson, Angelina Hong, Bagi Jana
Summary: Therapy for urothelial carcinoma is expanding rapidly with emerging novel agents targeting different molecular pathways, providing alternative treatment modalities for various types of urothelial cancer, including metastatic and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanna Zhu, Shilei Yang, Linlin Lv, Xiaohan Zhai, Guoyu Wu, Xiaolin Qi, Deshi Dong, Xufeng Tao
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are global public health issues, and rhein, a component of rhubarb, has both renal protective effects and potential kidney toxicity. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of rhein and how to minimize kidney damage.
Article
Oncology
Gottfrid Sjodahl, Pontus Eriksson, Karin Holmsten, Johan Abrahamsson, Mattias Hoglund, Carina Bernardo, Anders Ullen, Fredrik Liedberg
Summary: This study finds that molecular subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer are associated with specific metastatic sites. The Basal/squamous subtype is less likely to metastasize to bone, while the Urothelial-like subtype has an increased tendency to metastasize to bone. The Genomically unstable subtype is less likely to metastasize to the lungs, but is more likely to metastasize to atypical sites, including the brain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Matteo Canale, Manlio Monti, Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli, Paola Ulivi, Francesco Giulio Sullo, Giulia Bartolini, Elisa Tiberi, Giovanni Luca Frassineti
Summary: Biliary tract cancers, with gallbladder cancer being the most common type, have poor prognosis and slow progress in precision medicine and immunotherapy research. More attention and research are needed to explore new treatment strategies.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tathambika Tejeswini Sen, Ajinath Kale, Maciej Lech, Hans-Joachim Anders, Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
Summary: Globally, there are approximately 850 million people diagnosed with kidney disease, but the available treatment options are still limited. Preclinical studies propose several potential therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, including intermedin, periostin, sirtuin, the cannabinoid receptor, Klotho, Apelin, Elabela, growth differentiation factor-15, Fyn kinase, and uromodulin. The selection of target for clinical development should consider redundancy with existing treatments, potential synergistic effects, and additional effects on the cardiovascular system, which is a common comorbidity in patients with kidney disease.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Chao-Jung Chen, Che-Yi Chou, Kuo-Hsiung Shu, Hung-Chun Chen, Ming-Cheng Wang, Chia-Chu Chang, Bang-Gee Hsu, Mai-Szu Wu, Yuan-Lung Yang, Wen-Ling Liao, Chieh Yang, Yu-Tien Hsiao, Chiu-Ching Huang
Summary: This study identified BRDT, CYBP, GARS, and HDGF as novel urinary UC biomarkers with high discrimination ability. These markers showed better diagnostic values compared to other reported UC markers, and a panel including BRDT, HDGF, GARS, and CYFR21.1 had high AUC values for discriminating between UC and normal or control groups.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Alejandro R. Chade, Gene L. Bidwell
Summary: The burden of kidney diseases on the healthcare system is increased due to high mortality rates and limited therapies. Drug delivery technologies offer potential solutions, but there are still obstacles such as solubility, toxicity, and renal targeting. However, emerging evidence shows promise for precise renal uptake and improved therapeutic efficacy.
Article
Cell Biology
Wei Jia, Chao Wang
Summary: This study found that KNTC1 and MCM2 are highly expressed in gallbladder cancer and their higher expression level correlates with worse prognosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pouya Javadian, Chao Xu, Virginie Sjoelund, Lindsay E. Borden, Justin Garland, Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
Summary: There are racial disparities in incidence and survival for many types of cancer, which can be attributed to socioeconomic factors, access to care, and comorbidities. Even epidemiologic differences cannot fully explain the survival disparities, especially for endometrial cancer where Black women have significantly lower survival rates. Investigating the proteomic profiling of endometrial cancer in different racial groups can help identify modifiable and targetable elements, potentially improving outcomes for patients based on race.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meiling Fan, Mengyao Shan, Xintian Lan, Xiaoxue Fang, Dimeng Song, Haoming Luo, Donglu Wu
Summary: This review summarizes the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). It also discusses the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs for BC. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of ginsenosides in breast cancer treatment through epigenetic changes, particularly in microRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guoyi Tang, Sha Li, Cheng Zhang, Haiyong Chen, Ning Wang, Yibin Feng
Summary: Chinese medicine has shown promising clinical benefits in the treatment and management of diabetic nephropathy, with its multi-target function affecting crucial mechanisms such as glucose/lipid metabolism regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and podocyte protection. Studies have emphasized the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicines and their bioactive components, with a focus on identifying the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Roberto Iacovelli, Chiara Ciccarese, Giuseppe Procopio, Serena Astore, Maria Antonella Cannella, Maria Grazia Maratta, Mimma Rizzo, Elena Verzoni, Camillo Porta, Giampaolo Tortora
Summary: The recent approval of ICI-based combinations has changed the first-line standard of care for mRCC patients, but the optimal second-line treatment remains unclear. Retrospective data suggest that second-line VEGFR-TKIs may be more effective after failure of dual ICIs than after ICIs plus VEGFR-TKIs, but more prospective data is needed. Ongoing trials are evaluating novel molecules and ICI-based combinations for second-line therapy.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Pablo Maroto, Albert Font, Cristina Martin, Begona Mellado, Alex Corbera, Mayra Orrillo, Oscar Reig, Rosa Querol, Alejandro Rios-Hoyo, Laia Cano, Judith Alonso, Gemma Martinez, Susana Galtes, Alvaro Taus, Maria Martinez-Garcia, Nuria Juanpere, Oscar Juan, Joaquim Bellmunt
Summary: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of avelumab plus carboplatin in mCRPC patients. Despite the significant treatment-related adverse events, this therapy was associated with a prolonged overall survival in heavily pretreated patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Cora N. Sternberg, Daniel P. Petrylak, Joaquim Bellmunt, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Andrea Necchi, Howard Gurney, Jae-Lyun Lee, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Eli Rosenbaum, Nicolas Penel, See-Tong Pang, Jian-Ri Li, Xavier Garcia del Muro, Florence Joly, Zsuzsanna Papai, Weichao Bao, Peter Ellinghaus, Chengxing Lu, Mitchell Sierecki, Sabine Coppieters, Keiko Nakajima, Tatiane Cristine Ishida, David Quinn
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of rogaratinib compared to chemotherapy in patients with FGFR-positive advanced/metastatic UC. The results showed comparable overall survival and response rates between rogaratinib and chemotherapy, with manageable side effects. Exploratory analysis suggested that FGFR3 gene alterations may be better predictors of rogaratinib response in FGFR-altered UC patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Giovanna Garufi, Luisa Carbognin, Francesco Schettini, Elia Segui, Alba Di Leone, Antonio Franco, Ida Paris, Giovanni Scambia, Giampaolo Tortora, Alessandra Fabi
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of platinum agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and novel target therapies in the neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It discusses the currently available evidence, potential efficacy biomarkers, and considerations regarding the expanding therapeutic options, in order to select the best therapeutic strategy for each specific patient.
Article
Oncology
Geny Piro, Carmine Carbone, Antonio Agostini, Annachiara Esposito, Maria De Pizzol, Rubina Novelli, Marcello Allegretti, Andrea Aramini, Alessia Caggiano, Alessia Granitto, Francesco De Sanctis, Stefano Ugel, Vincenzo Corbo, Maurizio Martini, Rita Teresa Lawlor, Aldo Scarpa, Giampaolo Tortora
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of combining a CXCR1/2 inhibitor with anti-PD-1 in treating immunosuppression in PDAC. The results showed that this combination therapy can reverse M2 macrophage polarization, reduce tumor burden, and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Giulia Orsi, Alessandro Cavaliere, Giampaolo Tortora, Sara Lonardi, Marina Macchini, Mariacristina Di Marco, Guido Giordano, Enrico Vasile, Mario Scartozzi, Silvia Bozzarelli, Silvia Noventa, Maria Grazia Rodriquenz, Anna Maria Militello, Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli, Ingrid Garajova, Stefania De Lorenzo, Barbara Merelli, Alessandro Bittoni, Lisa Salvatore, Letizia Procaccio, Chiara Paratore, Andrea Spallanzani, Umberto Peretti, Monica Niger, Elisa Giommoni, Ilaria Bernardini, Emiliano Tamburini, Katia Bernardino, Laura Forti, Maria Maddalena Valente, Stefano Cascinu, Michele Milella, Michele Reni
Summary: This study demonstrates the beneficial role of platinum agents in PDAC patients with gBRCA1-2pv, both in second-line treatment and as part of early 3- and 4-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combinations, providing improved survival outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Margaret A. Tempero, Uwe Pelzer, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Jordan Winter, Do-Youn Oh, Chung-Pin Li, Giampaolo Tortora, Heung-Moon Chang, Charles D. Lopez, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Andrew H. Ko, Armando Santoro, Joon Oh Park, Marcus S. Noel, Giovanni Luca Frassineti, Yan-Shen Shan, Andrew Dean, Hanno Riess, Eric Van Cutsem, Jordan Berlin, Philip Philip, Malcolm Moore, David Goldstein, Josep Tabernero, Mingyu Li, Stefano Ferrara, Yvan Le Bruchec, George Zhang, Brian Lu, Andrew V. Biankin, Michele Reni
Summary: In this randomized, open-label trial, adjuvant nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine was compared with gemcitabine alone for resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The study found that although nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine showed favorable overall survival, it did not meet the primary endpoint of independently assessed disease-free survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ilaria Trestini, Alberto Caldart, Marco Cintoni, Isabella Sperduti, Alessandro Drudi, Gregorio Aluffi, Elena Fiorio, Veronica Parolin, Valentina Zambonin, Sara Zanelli, Daniela Tregnago, Alice Avancini, Sara Pilotto, Irene Aprili, Emanuela Zandona, Mirko D'Onofrio, Maria Cristina Mele, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Scambia, Giampaolo Tortora, Michele Milella, Emilio Bria, Luisa Carbognin
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in body composition during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its association with pathologic complete response and survival outcome in patients treated for operable locally advanced breast cancer.
Article
Oncology
Thomas Powles, Se Hoon Park, Claudia Caserta, Begona P. Valderrama, Howard Gurney, Anders Ullen, Yohann Loriot, Srikala S. S. Sridhar, Cora N. N. Sternberg, Joaquim Bellmunt, Jeanny B. B. Aragon-Ching, Jing Wang, Bo Huang, Robert J. J. Laliberte, Alessandra di Pietro, Petros Grivas
Summary: Clinical trials often have multiple endpoints that mature at different times. Clinical Trial Updates provide the opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies for which the primary endpoint has already been reported.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joris van de Haar, Xuhui Ma, Salo N. Ooft, Pim W. van der Helm, Louisa R. Hoes, Sara Mainardi, David J. Pinato, Kristi Sun, Lisa Salvatore, Giampaolo Tortora, Ina Valeria Zurlo, Silvana Leo, Riccardo Giampieri, Rossana Berardi, Fabio Gelsomino, Valeria Merz, Federica Mazzuca, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Gerardo Rosati, Chara Stavraka, Paul Ross, Maria Grazia Rodriquenz, Michele Pavarana, Carlo Messina, Timothy Iveson, Federica Zoratto, Anne Thomas, Elisabetta Fenocchio, Margherita Ratti, Ilaria Depetris, Massimiliano Cergnul, Cristina Morelli, Michela Libertini, Alessandro Parisi, Michele De Tursi, Nicoletta Zanaletti, Ornella Garrone, Janet Graham, Raffaella Longarini, Stefania Maria Gobba, Angelica Petrillo, Emiliano Tamburini, Nicla La Verde, Fausto Petrelli, Vincenzo Ricci, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Michele Ghidini, Alessio Cortellini, Emile E. Voest, Nicola Valeri
Summary: Genomic analysis identified KRAS(G12) mutations as potential biomarkers of resistance to trifluridine/tipiracil treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Real-world data and phase 3 clinical trial data confirmed the significant association between KRAS(G12) mutations and reduced overall survival. These findings provide important implications for precision medicine in approximately 28% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Chris Labaki, Eddy Saad, Toni K. Choueiri, Joaquim Bellmunt
Article
Oncology
Thomas Seisen, Muhieddine Labban, Stuart R. R. Lipsitz, Mark A. A. Preston, Matthew Mossanen, Joaquim Bellmunt, Morgan Roupret, Toni K. K. Choueiri, Adam S. S. Kibel, Maxine Sun, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Summary: This study examined the ecological association between tobacco smoking prevalence and bladder cancer incidence and found that the association was not significant. However, there was a significant association between tobacco smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence.
Article
Pathology
Laura Segales, Nuria Juanpere, Nerea Gallarin, Marta Lorenzo, David Lopez, Julia Perera-Bel, Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Lluis Fumado, Lluis Cecchini, Joaquim Bellmunt, Josep Lloreta-Trull, Silvia Hernandez-Llodra
Summary: The impact of tumor focality on prostate cancer prognosis has been investigated. The study found relevant and consistent molecular differences between unifocal and multifocal prostate cancer. An immunohistochemical panel may be useful in predicting the outcome of multifocal prostate cancer cases.
Review
Oncology
Rosa Nadal, Begona P. Valderrama, Joaquim Bellmunt
Summary: Despite recent advances, advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma (aUC) remains difficult to cure, but the availability of maintenance therapy with avelumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has improved the survival outcomes of patients. This review provides an overview of the treatment of aUC, including promising new therapeutic modalities and their potential impact on clinical outcomes.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Urology & Nephrology
J. J. De Jong, B. P. Valderrama, J. Perera, J. Nuria, P. Cejas, H. Long, M. Alba, E. A. Gibb, J. Bellmunt