期刊
NATURE PHOTONICS
卷 6, 期 12, 页码 851-856出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2012.276
关键词
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资金
- Max Planck Society
- Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics
- Science Foundation Ireland PI [07/IN.1/I1771]
- Science Foundation Ireland PI, IRCSET
- Science Foundation Ireland PI, EXTATIC EMJD
- 'Physics with Accelerators and Reactors in West Europe' of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science
The ability to fully characterize ultrashort, ultra-intense X-ray pulses at free-electron lasers (FELs) will be crucial in experiments ranging from single-molecule imaging to extreme-timescale X-ray science. This issue is especially important at current-generation FELs, which are primarily based on self-amplified spontaneous emission and radiate with parameters that fluctuate strongly from pulse to pulse. Using single-cycle terahertz pulses from an optical laser, we have extended the streaking techniques of attosecond metrology to measure the temporal profile of individual FEL pulses with 5 fs full-width at half-maximum accuracy, as well as their arrival on a time base synchronized to the external laser to within 6 fs r.m.s. Optical laser-driven terahertz streaking can be utilized at any X-ray photon energy and is non-invasive, allowing it to be incorporated into any pump-probe experiment, eventually characterizing pulses before and after interaction with most sample environments.
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