Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jordan Stone, John O. Edgar, Jamie A. Gould, Jon Telling
Summary: Researchers at Newcastle University have discovered that earthquakes can create bursts of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in hot underground fractures, which may have played a vital role in the early evolution and origin of life on Earth. Through genomic reconstructions, they have identified genes involved in H2O2 and O-2 cycling in the common ancestor to all life. They propose that the thermal activation of mineral surface defects during geological fault movements and associated stresses in the Earth's crust was a source of oxidants that helped drive the (bio)geochemistry of hot fractures where life first evolved.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fiona J. J. Clubb, Simon M. M. Mudd, Taylor F. F. Schildgen, Peter A. A. van der Beek, Rahul Devrani, Hugh D. D. Sinclair
Summary: The width of Himalayan valleys is mainly controlled by long-term tectonic exhumation rather than water discharge. The rivers in the Himalayas transport about a gigaton of sediment to the ocean basins annually. Valley storage plays a crucial role in buffering climatic and tectonic signals, however, the controls on valley location and geometry are unknown.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Deoksu Kim, Jang-Geun Choi, Jinku Park, Jae-Il Kwon, Myeong-Hyeon Kim, Young-Heon Jo
Summary: This study aims to estimate the factors affecting upwelling processes using the Upwelling Age index. The findings reveal that wind-driven upwelling was dominant off the northern coast, while current-driven upwelling prevailed off the southern coast. These results shed light on the influence of physical forces on ocean ecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Gaia Siravo, Paola Molin, Andrea Sembroni, Maria Giuditta Fellin, Claudio Faccenna
Summary: Through the study of high-elevation plateaus in the South American continent, it is found that these landforms are gradually formed under different environmental conditions, influenced by both crustal deformation and sub-crustal processes. By analyzing various aspects such as river systems and topography, researchers have revealed the evolutionary processes and discussed the reorganization pattern of the drainage network in different periods.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mariana Samor Lopes, Elise Dufour, Elisamara Sabadini-Santos, Maria Dulce Gaspar, Kita Macario, Bruna da Silva Mota Neto, Olivier Tombret, Denis Fiorillo, Michel Lemoine, Leandro Amaro Pessoa, Sandrine Grouard, Orangel Aguilera
Summary: Isotopic analysis of Micropogonias furnieri otoliths provides insight into the palaeoceanographic conditions in Guanabara Bay and Saquarema Lagoon. Radiocarbon analysis of the otoliths extends the chronology of human settlement in Guanabara Bay, while stable isotope profiles reflect the fish's lifetime ocean temperature variations.
Article
Geology
Xueliang Wang, John J. Clague, Paolo Frattini, Shengwen Qi, Hengxing Lan, Wen Zhang, Lihui Li, Juanjuan Sun, Giovanni Battista Crosta
Summary: Debate about the Sadler effect, which refers to the relationship between rates of fluvial incision and time, continues to impede the use of incision rates as indicators of tectonic and climatic processes. This study presents field data from the Rumei watershed in southeast Tibet, providing evidence that climate forcing is the main driver of sediment production and delivery to streams. The authors propose a conceptual model that links uplift-driven incision to channel aggradation induced by climate change.
Article
Oceanography
Peng Wang, James C. McWilliams, Dongxiao Wang, Daling Li Yi
Summary: Upwelling is important for enhancing marine primary productivity by bringing nutrient-rich water to the euphotic zone, but its interaction with surface waves is not well understood. Using numerical simulations, we found that surface waves reduce upwelling but enhance downwelling, leading to a weaker upwelling front. Surface waves also change the fluxes of potential vorticity and alter the thickness of negative-potential vorticity layers. Additionally, we proposed a nondimensional number to determine when surface waves need to be considered in upwelling and downwelling.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Helene Cyr, William Gary Sprules
Summary: This study examines the effect of wind on zooplankton distribution and finds that zooplankton accumulate downwind during windy periods. Small-bodied zooplankton accumulate more during downwind periods, while large-bodied zooplankton accumulate in nearshore areas. The spatial distribution and patchiness of zooplankton vary with wind speed, zooplankton body size, and nearshore bathymetry.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oceanography
Rachel D. Simons, Dylan Catlett
Summary: While most of the U.S. Pacific coast experiences strong wind-driven upwelling and regular cycles of phytoplankton primary production, the Southern California Bight has weaker and intermittent upwelling, resulting in lower phytoplankton concentrations. However, the Santa Barbara Channel in the Northern Southern California Bight has anomalously high phytoplankton biomass due to a combination of wind-driven upwelling and cyclonic eddy circulation. Our study shows that the presence of high nitrate from upwelling and prolonged residence times from eddy circulation contribute to elevated chlorophyll concentrations in the spring. Unusual fluctuations in wind-driven upwelling and eddy circulation can disrupt the balance and lead to reduced surface chlorophyll. Rating: 8/10.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Shiliang Shan, Jinyu Sheng
Summary: This study analyzed three major coastal upwelling events on the Scotian Shelf in summer 2012 and found that wind impulse plays a major role in the initial response stage of upwelling events. Model results demonstrate that irregular coastline and rugged bathymetry play important roles in influencing the temporal and spatial evolution of the upwelling plume over the inner Scotian Shelf.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Piero Mardones, Zeneida Wong, Josse Contreras-Rojas, Richard Munoz, Eduardo Hernandez-Miranda, Marcus Sobarzo
Summary: This study investigates the influence of atmospheric synoptic variability on the surface temperature gradient in semienclosed bays, revealing the relationship between weather phenomena and upwelling shadow events. This is important for understanding ecological and climatic changes in marine systems.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
S. J. Lentz
Summary: A remarkably consistent upwelling circulation driven by cross-shelf buoyancy gradients, rather than traditional wind forcing, is observed on the southern New England inner shelf. This circulation is strongest in summer and plays a crucial role in cooling the inner shelf and facilitating cross-shelf exchange.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Steven F. Dimarco, Zhankun Wang, Piers Chapman, Lubna al-Kharusi, Leila Belabbassi, Hilal al-Shaqsi, Marion Stoessel, Stephanie Ingle, Ann E. Jochens, Matthew K. Howard
Summary: Long-term observations from a cabled ocean observatory in the Sea of Oman reveal that the recurrence of coastal hypoxia is associated with the seasonal monsoon winds. During the summer/fall southwest monsoon season, the winds generate coastal upwelling of low dissolved oxygen waters, while during the winter monsoon season, the winds lead to downwelling and ventilation in the coastal ocean.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. V. M. Gupta, R. Jyothibabu, Ch Ramu, A. Yudhistir Reddy, K. K. Balachandran, V Sudheesh, Sanjeev Kumar, N. V. H. K. Chari, Kausar F. Bepari, Prachi H. Marathe, B. Bikram Reddy, Anil Kumar Vijayan
Summary: This study reveals for the first time that the world's largest hypoxic-anoxic zone along the west coast of India is formed through a natural process, with the extent and persistence of coastal oxygen deficiency depending on the degree of deoxygenation of source waters for the upwelling, confined to the central shelf region.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Nicholas Trautman, Ryan K. Walter
Summary: This study used conditional averaging technique to investigate upwelling- and downwelling-driven circulation in a small coastal embayment in Central California. The results revealed that the upwelling circulation strengthened a convergent upwelling shadow front at this site, with important ecological ramifications.
CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
(2021)
