Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babak Pakbin, Wolfram Manuel Brueck, Thomas B. Brueck
Summary: Shigella species are a major concern in public health as they cause bacillary diarrhea or shigellosis in humans. This study reviewed the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in Dysenteriae and non-Dysenteriae clinical groups, including attachment, invasion, intracellular motility, toxin secretion, and host cell interruption mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms can help in detecting and differentiating Shigella strains and developing strategies to prevent and treat infections caused by these enteric pathogens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Floyd G. Adsit, Thomas A. Randall, Jacqueline Locklear, David M. Kurtz
Summary: Researchers have isolated a strain of Escherichia coli, EcoFA807-17, from a purified diet for research animals, which possesses a novel genetic feature called the ttr operon. This genetic feature allows the strain to respire in anaerobic environments and may indicate the evolution of new pathogenic mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nabi Jomehzadeh, Khadijah Ahmadi, Hazhir Javaherizadeh, Maryam Afzali
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of virulence factor genes in Shigella strains isolated from children with diarrhea in southwest Iran. It found a high distribution of virulence genes among Shigella strains in the region, with different Shigella species showing different contributions of virulence factors to pathogenesis. The study provided baseline information on the distribution of virulence genes of Shigella isolates in Southwest Iran.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nicholas J. Ragazzone, Garrett T. Dow, George A. Garcia
Summary: This study utilized homology models of the VirF DNA-binding domain to identify crucial residues for binding to promoters, contributing to the development of potential VirF inhibitors as an alternative treatment for shigellosis.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rita Trirocco, Martina Pasqua, Angela Tramonti, Milena Grossi, Bianca Colonna, Alessandro Paiardini, Gianni Prosseda
Summary: This study identifies a novel posttranslational regulatory mechanism of the Shigella virulence system, in which specific fatty acids inhibit the activity of the VirF protein, leading to a reduction in the pathogenicity of Shigella.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carly E. Martin, Andrew S. Murray, Kimberley E. Sala-Hamrick, Jacob R. Mackinder, Evan C. Harrison, Joseph G. Lundgren, Fausto A. Varela, Karin List
Summary: The study suggests that glycosylation is crucial for regulating the activation and activity, phosphorylation, and cell surface localization of TMPRSS13.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Heather B. Case, Saul Gonzalez, Marie E. Gustafson, Nicholas E. Dickenson
Summary: Shigella relies on a single type three secretion system (T3SS) for virulence, and recent findings have shown that the ATPase Spa47 plays a critical role in T3SS function and overall pathogen virulence. Spa33C, a C-terminal translation product of the Shigella T3SS protein Spa33, is required for virulence and regulates Spa47 ATPase activity based on its oligomeric state. This discovery provides important insights into how Shigella modulates virulence through Spa47 activity and T3SS function.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Izabela Ciaston, Joanna Budziaszek, Dorota Satala, Barbara Potempa, Andrew Fuchs, Maria Rapala-Kozik, Danuta Mizgalska, Ewelina Dobosz, Richard J. Lamont, Jan Potempa, Joanna Koziel
Summary: The study found that inactive gingipains still elicit a strong inflammatory response in gingival tissues, which may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and bone resorption. Moreover, host molecules were identified as receptors for proteolytically inactivated gingipains. The broad distribution of these receptors in human tissues suggests their involvement in systemic diseases associated with periodontal pathogens.
Article
Microbiology
Mingfang Wang, Jia Zeng, Yu Zhu, Xiayu Chen, Quan Guo, Huihui Tan, Binbin Cui, Shihao Song, Yinyue Deng
Summary: 4-HBA controls biological functions, virulence, and anthranilic acid production in Shigella sonnei. It regulates physiology and virulence through the response regulator AaeR and enhances the binding of AaeR to target genes. In addition, 4-HBA inhibits hyphal formation by Candida albicans, supporting its important role in microbial cross talk.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luis I. Domenianni, Markus Bauer, Till Schmidt-Raentsch, Joerg Lindner, Sven Schneider, Peter Voehringer
Summary: Transition-metal nitrides/nitrenes are promising reagents for catalytic nitrogen-atom-transfer reactions. They are prepared in situ via optically induced N-2 elimination from azido precursors. This study elucidates the primary molecular-level mechanisms responsible for the formation of a unique platinum(II) nitrene with a triplet ground state from a closed-shell platinum(II) azide precursor.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zuobin Zhu, Liang Wang, Huimin Qian, Feng Gu, Ying Li, Heng Zhang, Ying Chen, Jiajia Shi, Ping Ma, Changjun Bao, Bing Gu
Summary: Shigellosis is a highly infectious disease caused by Shigella bacteria, with Shigella sonnei currently being the main causative agent for global dysentery pandemics. Sequencing and virulence studies of clinical S. sonnei strains show that resistant strains have more virulence factors, and an abundance of virulence factors is associated with higher levels of antibiotic resistance.
INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy M. Weeks, James R. Byrnes, Irene Lui, James A. Wells
Summary: This study utilized a new technology targeting the cell membrane (subtiligase-TM) to efficiently capture cell surface N termini, successfully sequencing 807 N termini and quantifying their changes in response to stimuli inducing proteolytic remodeling of the cell surface proteome. The development of the ASCENT database facilitates exploration of extracellular N termini, promoting a deeper understanding of extracellular protease biology.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Eva Skovajsova, Bianca Colonna, Gianni Prosseda, Mikael E. Sellin, Maria Letizia Di Martino
Summary: The ratio of two virulence-regulatory proteins VirF(21):VirF(30) can dictate the invasive properties of Shigella flexneri under low temperature conditions. The different forms of VirF may play a role in fine-tuning the expression of virulence genes and influencing the invasive properties of Shigella flexneri.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Visnu Pritom Chowdhury, Ishrat Jahan Azmi, Md Ahshanul Haque, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Mahmuda Akter, Shahin Mahmud, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Kaisar Ali Talukder
Summary: This study investigated the association between Shigella virulence genes and shigellosis, focusing on patients in Bangladesh. The results showed that Shigella virulence genes, including the enterotoxin gene set, ipaBCD, ial, and ipgC, were significantly associated with various clinical features of shigellosis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dandan Yang, Mao Zhang, Chang Su, Bin Dong, Yang Lu
Summary: The carbon source N-acetylglucosamine plays a role in modulating the balance between commensalism and pathogenesis in Candida albicans. N-acetylglucosamine enables C. albicans to balance between commensalism and pathogenesis, but its signaling is detrimental to commensalism. In addition to yeast-to-hypha morphogenesis, other factors such as Sod5 and Ofi1 contribute to the balance between commensalism and virulence.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bethany A. Weigele, Robert C. Orchard, Alyssa Jimenez, Gregory W. Cox, Neal M. Alto
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2017)
Review
Pediatrics
Thomas G. Fox, Corina Nailescu
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Pediatrics
Allison M. Crone, Matthew R. Wanner, Matthew L. Cooper, Thomas G. Fox, S. Gregory Jennings, Boaz Karmazyn
PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yee-Shiuan Chen, Iuan-Bor Chen, Giang Pham, Tzu-Yu Shao, Hansraj Bangar, Sing Sing Way, David B. Haslam
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias R. Kollmann, Arnaud Marchant, Sing Sing Way
Article
Immunology
Ashley R. Burg, John J. Erickson, Lucien H. Turner, Giang Pham, Jeremy M. Kinder, Sing Sing Way
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Li Yang, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Jeremy Kinder, Sing Sing Way, Bryan Donnelly, Reena Mourya, Zhenhua Luo, Jorge A. Bezerra
Article
Microbiology
Nina Salinger Prasanphanich, Emily J. Gregory, John J. Erickson, Hilary Miller-Handley, Jeremy M. Kinder, Sing Sing Way
Summary: Maternal sepsis from E. coli is a significant risk during pregnancy, leading to fetal wastage. Pregnant rodents are more susceptible to E. coli infection, but preconceptual infection can boost immunity and protect against reinfection through antibody transfer. The lack of E. coli immunity may help identify high-risk individuals during pregnancy and provide strategies for preventing infection.
Article
Immunology
Hilary Miller-Handley, John J. Erickson, Emily J. Gregory, Nina Salinger Prasanphanich, Tzu-Yu Shao, Sing Sing Way
Summary: Tacrolimus increases susceptibility to secondary infection with opportunistic intracellular pathogens, with the most critical window for infection susceptibility being exposure immediately prior to secondary challenge. These findings have implications for strategies to boost antimicrobial T-cell-mediated immunity in transplant recipients.
TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashley L. Severance, Jeremy M. Kinder, Lijun Xin, Ashley R. Burg, Tzu-Yu Shao, Giang Pham, Tamara Tilburgs, Wendy A. Goodman, Sam Mesiano, Sing Sing Way
Summary: During pregnancy, progesterone stimulates the expansion of regulatory T cells to promote immune tolerance, ensuring fetal growth and preventing rejection from the mother's immune system. This study reveals the role of progesterone in promoting fetal tolerance and establishes a molecular link between immune and other physiological adaptations during pregnancy.
Review
Immunology
Tzu-Yu Shao, David B. Haslam, Richard J. Bennett, Sing Sing Way
Summary: Mucosal tissues are naturally colonized by various host-adapted microbes, including Candida albicans, which triggers immune responses in humans. The interaction between the fungus and host is complex, and previous studies have suggested that the masking of antigenic fungal ligands is a strategy used by the fungus to evade the host immune system during invasive infections. However, this study proposes that the dynamic expression of certain fungal components during intestinal colonization is essential for priming the immune response and promoting symbiosis with the host.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Victoria A. Statler, Thomas Fox, Monica I. Ardura
Summary: Low vaccination rates globally have led to the re-emergence of vaccine-preventable infections like measles. Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients who are immunocompromised are particularly at risk due to suboptimal vaccination, weakened or disappearing vaccine immunity, lifelong immunosuppression, and the global resurgence of measles. Efforts to optimize measles vaccination in this population are necessary.
PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Emily M. Eshleman, Tzu-Yu Shao, Vivienne Woo, Taylor Rice, Laura Engleman, Bailey J. Didriksen, Jordan Whitt, David B. Haslam, Sing Sing Way, Theresa Alenghat
Summary: Abnormal immune responses can cause inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. This study found that mice lacking the expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the intestinal epithelium had increased accumulation of commensal-specific CD4+ T cells, suggesting that HDAC3 may control local microbiota-specific immunity. Further experiments showed that HDAC3 was necessary for regulating epithelial MHC class II (MHCII) and dampening the accumulation of commensal-specific Th17 cells, protecting against microbiota-triggered inflammation. These findings highlight the important role of HDAC3 in regulating the balance of tissue-specific CD4+ T cell subsets and controlling inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Jeremy M. Kinder, Ina A. Stelzer, Petra C. Arck, Sing Sing Way
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Review
Immunology
Jeremy M. Kinder, Ina A. Stelzer, Petra C. Arck, Sing Sing Way
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)