Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinta Asami, Toshiyuki Shimizu
Summary: TLRs are crucial in recognizing pathogenic molecular patterns and initiating immune responses. Recent advances in structural and mechanistic studies have provided insights into the activation and inhibition mechanisms of TLRs, enhancing our understanding of their functional properties.
Review
Virology
Alexis A. A. Hatton, Fermin E. E. Guerra
Summary: Early recognition of viruses by the host's innate immune system is crucial for a rapid response and clearance of infection. Surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can be activated by viruses before host cell infection, but this activation can have either beneficial or detrimental effects on viral clearance and pathogenesis. Research has identified specific viral proteins that bind to surface TLRs and affect the host immune response and infection outcome, but controversy remains regarding this recognition process.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcus Mendes, Jarjapu Mahita, Nina Blazeska, Jason Greenbaum, Brendan Ha, Kelly Wheeler, Jiyao Wang, Deborah Shackelford, Alessandro Sette, Bjoern Peters
Summary: The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is a database that catalogs T cell, B cell, and major histocompatibility complex ligand information in the context of infectious disease, allergy, autoimmunity, and transplantation. IEDB-3D is an important component of this database, which provides three-dimensional structural data on T cell receptors, antibodies, and pairwise residue interactions between immune receptors and antigens. With the release of IEDB-3D 2.0, a new 3D viewer experience and epitope mapping system have been implemented, allowing for better visualization of epitope data and highlighting immunogenic regions of antigens.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruonan Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, Jie Zhang, Yanjun Li, Yuan Wang, Yuhang Song, Feifei Ren, Huiyu Yi, Xiaojuan Deng, Yangjin Zhong, Yang Cao, Michael R. Strand, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Wanying Yang
Summary: Toll/Toll-like receptors play different roles in mammals and insects, with insects primarily activating the Toll pathway through binding Spatzle cytokines rather than directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Bharat Mishra, Nilesh Kumar, M. Shahid Mukhtar
Summary: Advancements in network science have aided in the discovery of key entities in various biological networks in the past two decades. Through the accumulation and analysis of multiomics datasets, comprehensive understanding of plant-pathogen interactions can be achieved. This review emphasizes the importance of comparative network topology analyses, dynamic network modeling, and the integration of single-cell sequencing and multiomics data for unraveling the complexities of plant immune systems.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hideyuki Takahashi, Stephen M. Strittmatter
Summary: Protein fibrils are known to accumulate in the brain during neurodegeneration, and now cryo-electron microscopy has revealed the high-resolution structures of TMEM106B fibrils, which were not previously thought to accumulate.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hamza Sher, Hafsa Sharif, Tahreem Zaheer, Sarmad Ahmad Khan, Amjad Ali, Hasnain Javed, Aneela Javed
Summary: In this study, two potential HIV vaccines were designed using immunoinformatic approaches. Through analysis and simulation, these vaccines demonstrated potential immune responses, with HIV-1b showing more promise. Experimental validation and animal model studies can further confirm the efficacy and safety of these vaccines.
Review
Plant Sciences
Wen Song, Alexander Forderer, Dongli Yu, Jijie Chai
Summary: Plants use both membrane-bound and intracellular immune receptors to distinguish self from invaders, initiating pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity respectively. Pathogens can overcome pattern-triggered immunity by secreting effectors, which are specifically recognized by intracellular NLRs receptors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dimitrios Matthaios, Maria Tolia, Davide Mauri, Konstantinos Kamposioras, Michalis Karamouzis
Summary: The YAP and Hippo pathway play crucial roles in immune system and cancer, with effects such as modulating immune response, enhancing tumor microenvironment, and regulating immune suppression, suggesting their potential applications in cancer immunotherapy.
Review
Oncology
Davide Gnocchi, Dragana Nikolic, Rosa Rita Paparella, Carlo Sabba, Antonio Mazzocca
Summary: Cancer is a major health concern, and current treatments are not very effective. The study of tumor cell metabolism and adaptation mechanisms can provide insights for improving pharmacological options. The recent Systemic-Evolutionary Theory of the Origin of Cancer (SETOC) suggests that cancer cells adapt to extreme microenvironmental conditions and may revert to primitive characteristics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prabhu S. Arunachalam, Madeleine K. D. Scott, Thomas Hagan, Chunfeng Li, Yupeng Feng, Florian Wimmers, Lilit Grigoryan, Meera Trisal, Venkata Viswanadh Edara, Lilin Lai, Sarah Esther Chang, Allan Feng, Shaurya Dhingra, Mihir Shah, Alexandra S. Lee, Sharon Chinthrajah, Sayantani B. Sindher, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Fei Gao, Natalia Sigal, Sangeeta Kowli, Sheena Gupta, Kathryn Pellegrini, Gregory Tharp, Sofia Maysel-Auslender, Sydney Hamilton, Hadj Aoued, Kevin Hrusovsky, Mark Roskey, Steven E. Bosinger, Holden T. Maecker, Scott D. Boyd, Mark M. Davis, Paul J. Utz, Mehul S. Suthar, Purvesh Khatri, Kari C. Nadeau, Bali Pulendran
Summary: The study found that vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine can induce immune responses against neutralizing antibodies and CD4, CD8 T cells of SARS-CoV-2. Booster vaccines can significantly enhance innate immune responses, and different innate pathways associated with CD8 T cells and neutralizing antibodies have been identified.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paola Rebuzzini, Cinzia Civello, Lorenzo Fassina, Maurizio Zuccotti, Silvia Garagna
Summary: Exposure to arsenic during the perinatal period can result in damage to the sarcomere organization and cell morphology of cardiomyocytes, ultimately affecting their size, shape, and beating capacity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Bing Zhang, Michal Bassani-Sternberg
Summary: Identification of tumor antigens presented by HLA molecules is crucial for cancer immunotherapies. MS-based immunopeptidomics enables high-throughput identification of HLA-bound peptides. Integrating DNA, RNA, and ribosome sequencing data allows identification of tumor antigens encoded within coding genes and non-coding regions. Computational challenges exist in immunopeptidomics data analysis and tumor antigen identification. Advancements in technology and computation are improving sensitivity and accuracy in tumor antigen identification.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Liangyong Yu, Ran Li, Xiangrui Zeng, Hongyi Wang, Jie Jin, Yang Ge, Rui Jiang, Min Xu
Summary: Utilizing deep learning for cross-domain subtomogram classification faces challenges, but by leveraging the distribution of unlabeled target domain data and the correlation between the source domain dataset and a few labeled target domain data, significant improvements can be achieved.