Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zaoqu Liu, Jinxiang Lv, Qin Dang, Long Liu, Siyuan Weng, Libo Wang, Zhaokai Zhou, Ying Kong, Huanyun Li, Yilin Han, Xinwei Han
Summary: Immunotherapy treatments using the immune system have revolutionized personalized medicine and brought significant benefits for cancer patients. Tumor neoantigens, arising from somatic mutations and presented by major histocompatibility complex, play a crucial role in immunotherapy. With advancements in sequencing technology and bioinformatics, the identification of neoantigens has accelerated and is expected to be integrated into clinical practice. Neoantigen vaccines, such as peptides, DNA, RNA, and dendritic cells, have shown great potential in activating specific T cells and enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This review discusses the origin and prediction of neoantigens, compares different types of neoantigen vaccines, and explores strategies for improving their efficacy, while addressing the challenges in their application.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jun Zhang, Yu Xia, Xiaomei Zhou, Honghao Yu, Yufang Tan, Yaying Du, Qi Zhang, Yiping Wu
Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly malignant subtype of breast cancer with aggressive behaviors. It is associated with poor clinical outcomes, early recurrence, and a higher likelihood of visceral metastases compared to other types of breast cancer. Personalized or combined therapies based on molecular heterogeneity are showing promising results in treating triple-negative breast cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira, Clara Nahmias
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide, and different treatment options have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, further research on predictive biomarkers is needed to combat treatment resistance and identify the most suitable patients for personalized treatment, aiming to avoid unnecessary overtreatment.
Article
Oncology
Stefano Ughetto, Cristina Migliore, Filippo Pietrantonio, Maria Apicella, Annalisa Petrelli, Laura D'Errico, Stefania Durando, Daniel Moya-Rull, Sara E. Bellomo, Sabrina Rizzolio, Tania Capeloa, Salvatore Ribisi, Maurizio Degiuli, Rossella Reddavid, Ida Rapa, Uberto Fumagalli, Stefano De Pascale, Dario Ribero, Carla Baronchelli, Giovanni Sgroi, Emanuele Rausa, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Sarah Molfino, Stefania Manenti, Maria Bencivenga, Michele Sacco, Claudia Castelli, Salvatore Siena, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Federica Tosi, Federica Morano, Alessandra Raimondi, Michele Prisciandaro, Annunziata Gloghini, Silvia Marsoni, Antonino Sottile, Ivana Sarotto, Anna Sapino, Caterina Marchio, Paola Cassoni, Simonetta Guarrera, Simona Corso, Silvia Giordano
Summary: This study demonstrates that in patients with HER2-amplified gastric cancer, a dual HER2 blockade is crucial for optimal efficacy, leading to complete and durable responses in most cases. A selected subpopulation of HER2-hyper-amplified GC patients could greatly benefit from this treatment strategy.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiayu Zhao, Yudi Xu, Sheng Ma, Yibo Wang, Zichao Huang, Haoyuan Qu, Haochen Yao, Yu Zhang, Guanglu Wu, Leaf Huang, Wantong Song, Zhaohui Tang, Xuesi Chen
Summary: A minimalist binary nanovaccine (BiVax) has been designed to integrate innate stimulating activity into the carrier to elicit robust antitumor immunity, showing promising results in inducing strong immune responses against tumor cells.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Kuldeep Singh, Rajeev Malhotra
Summary: The accumulation of iron as one grows older may hinder the positive effects of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular disease in women during late postmenopause.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elisa Martino, Nunzia D'Onofrio, Camilla Anastasio, Marianna Abate, Silvia Zappavigna, Michele Caraglia, Maria Luisa Balestrieri
Summary: Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play dual roles as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in carcinogenesis by controlling gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The off-target effect of miRNAs limits their potential therapeutic use, but encapsulating them in nanostructured carriers enables targeted destruction of cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) with their small size and optimal surface/size ratio can encapsulate, protect, and release miRNAs, providing a promising strategy for cancer treatment. This review discusses the latest advances in miRNA-encapsulating NPs for cancer therapy, with a focus on colorectal cancer and its metastatic forms, which are among the most common malignancies worldwide.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph Powell, Xiao Li
Summary: The latest issue of Cell Systems showcases the application of data-driven, individualized lifestyle coaching to promote health and provides an interpretable view of human health by integrating deep molecular, digital health, and clinical data.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Luciana Mastrodomenico, Claudia Piombino, Beatrice Ricco, Elena Barbieri, Marta Venturelli, Federico Piacentini, Massimo Dominici, Laura Cortesi, Angela Toss
Summary: Hereditary cancer syndromes are inherited disorders caused by germline pathogenic variants that increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. The personalized treatment of hereditary tumors that target germline pathogenic variants has shown promising results in clinical trials.
Review
Oncology
Hui Yang, Yinuo Wang, Peng Wang, Ning Zhang, Pengyuan Wang
Summary: Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems derived from various types of stem cells, capable of mimicking organ development and pathological processes. By establishing organoid biobanks, representing different stages of diseases such as cancer, intra- and interpatient heterogeneities can be maintained. This technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine.
CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Kazuma Kiyotani, Yujiro Toyoshima, Yusuke Nakamura
Summary: The significant advances in cancer genomics have allowed for precision medicine based on genomic and molecular profiling, but clinical application still faces challenges. Cancer immunotherapies, particularly targeting neoantigens derived from somatic mutations, offer potential for precise treatment based on genomic sequencing results.
CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonella Barone, Nicola d'Avanzo, Maria Chiara Cristiano, Donatella Paolino, Massimo Fresta
Summary: The incidence of cancer is increasing significantly and the lack of efficacy in cancer therapies can be attributed to various factors such as delayed diagnosis, tumor regrowth, and multidrug resistance. Macrophages play a crucial role in tumor suppression or progression, and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators in the tumor microenvironment. Their ability to facilitate cell-cell and organ-cell communication by delivering nucleic acids and proteins makes them potential targets for personalized anticancer nanomedicine.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Monika Nehra, U. T. Uthappa, Virendra Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Chandra Dixit, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Sandeep Kumar, Ajeet Kaushik
Summary: This review explores the limitations of current brain cancer treatment and the potential benefits of using nanobiotechnology, such as nanocarriers and nano-assisted therapies, to improve efficacy and minimize adverse effects. The focus is on personalized approaches based on unique genetic characteristics of patients and their disease profiles, highlighting the emerging opportunities in nanotechnology for advancing brain cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Rachele Rossi, Maria Laura De Angelis, Eljona Xhelili, Giovanni Sette, Adriana Eramo, Ruggero De Maria, Ursula Cesta Incani, Federica Francescangeli, Ann Zeuner
Summary: Lung cancer is a highly complex disease with significant heterogeneity among patients. Organoids generated from lung tumors are valuable tools in cancer research as they can replicate individual tumor characteristics and aid in the study of the disease and the identification of effective therapies.
Review
Oncology
Liantao Guo, Deguang Kong, Jianhua Liu, Ling Zhan, Lan Luo, Weijie Zheng, Qingyuan Zheng, Chuang Chen, Shengrong Sun
Summary: Breast cancer heterogeneity plays a critical role in determining its progression, treatment response, and prognosis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood due to its complexity. This review summarizes the origins of breast cancer heterogeneity and its impact on disease progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. It discusses the possible mechanisms of heterogeneity and the research methods used to study it, highlighting the importance of cell interactions in the development of breast cancer heterogeneity, including cooperative and competitive interactions. Finally, it provides new insights into precise individualized treatments based on heterogeneity.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2023)