Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Ryan, Anne Churchland
Summary: Proteins that generate light in response to calcium ions entering cells on millisecond timescales have been created. Two groups of scientists discuss the past and future of these proteins.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diana Kwon
Summary: Scientists are unraveling the process by which the brain controls immune responses in order to discover potential treatments for various diseases.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrea Salmaggi, Cristina Corno, Marta Maschio, Sara Donzelli, Annachiara D'Urso, Paola Perego, Emilio Ciusani
Summary: Perampanel alone exhibits pro-apoptotic effects on glioblastoma cell lines, possibly through increased GluR2/3 expression, while a strong synergistic effect is observed when combined with temozolomide in certain cell lines. Further investigation into the impact of this combination on oncologic outcomes in glioblastoma is warranted.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fabio Perversi, Cinzia Costa, Angelo Labate, Simona Lattanzi, Claudio Liguori, Marta Maschio, Stefano Meletti, Lino Nobili, Francesca Felicia Operto, Andrea Romigi, Emilio Russo, Carlo Di Bonaventura
Summary: Glutamate is the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, and an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory activities may lead to epilepsy or other neurological and psychiatric conditions. AMPA receptors, as the predominant mediator of glutamate-induced excitatory neurotransmission, are a major drug target for modulating brain functions. Perampanel (PER), a selective AMPA antagonist, has shown potential in treating various conditions beyond epilepsy. Evaluating new studies on AMPA antagonism and PER in different neurological conditions, this review aims to provide insights for future research on the use of PER and other AMPA receptor antagonists.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Stuart G. Cull-Candy, Mark Farrant
Summary: CP-AMPARs are important regulators of synaptic plasticity, with their functional characteristics being modulated by auxiliary subunits and involved in various forms of central synaptic plasticity. Maladaptive synaptic plasticity and neurological disorders often involve changes in CP-AMPAR expression, such as those induced by inflammatory pain, fear conditioning, and cocaine exposure.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hadassah Mendez-Vazquez, Regan L. Roach, Kaila Nip, Soham Chanda, Matheus F. Sathler, Tyler Garver, Rosaline A. Danzman, Madeleine C. Moseley, Jessica P. Roberts, Olivia N. Koch, Ava A. Steger, Rahmi Lee, Jyothi Arikkath, Seonil Kim
Summary: 6-catenin is expressed in excitatory synapses and functions as an anchor for the GluA2 subunit of the AMPAR in the postsynaptic density. The G34S mutation in the 6-catenin gene has been found in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and leads to loss of 6-catenin functions. The G34S mutation increases GSK3β-dependent degradation of 6-catenin, resulting in reduced levels of 6-catenin and altered glutamatergic activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denis P. Laryushkin, Sergei A. Maiorov, Valery P. Zinchenko, Valentina N. Mal'tseva, Sergei G. Gaidin, Artem M. Kosenkov
Summary: This study investigates the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in the generation of paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS) and the dependence of PDS pattern on neuronal membrane potential. The results show that external stimuli play a crucial role in PDS induction. AMPA receptors are necessary for PDS generation, while NMDA and kainate receptors modulate paroxysmal activity. Agonists of G(i)-coupled receptors suppress PDS generation, suggesting a potential approach for epilepsy pharmacotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Anastasiya Zaytseva, Evelina Bouckova, McKennon J. Wiles, Madison H. Wustrau, Isabella G. Schmidt, Hadassah Mendez-Vazquez, Latika Khatri, Seonil Kim
Summary: Ketamine enhances neuronal activity and synaptic strength by reducing calcineurin activity, leading to rapid antidepressant effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria V. Yelshanskaya, Dhilon S. Patel, Christopher M. Kottke, Maria G. Kurnikova, Alexander I. Sobolevsky
Summary: This study reveals the number of agonist binding domains required for ion channel opening and the impact of agonist binding on channel conductance in AMPA subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors. By combining structural analysis with experimental results, molecular dynamics simulations, and machine learning analysis, we found that at least two agonist binding domains are necessary for channel opening, and binding of agonist to all four domains does not guarantee maximal channel conductance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Indra A. Van Assche, Mc Stephen Padilla, Olivia S. R. P. Stupart, Amy L. Milton
Summary: This study demonstrates that the stress-enhanced fear learning procedure (SEFL) can be refined to produce PTSD-relevant behavioral and neurobiological changes in rats with reduced potential pain and suffering. Different variations of the procedure can generate different proportions of susceptible and resilient animals for future studies.
Article
Cell Biology
Luca Franchini, Jennifer Stanic, Marta Barzasi, Elisa Zianni, Daniela Mauceri, Monica Diluca, Fabrizio Gardoni
Summary: This study demonstrates a key role for Rph3A in the modulation of structural synaptic plasticity at hippocampal synapses, which correlates with its interactions with both NMDARs and AMPARs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akiko Sumitomo, Runhao Zhou, Thomas Prevot, Etienne Sibille, Toshifumi Tomoda
Summary: Anxiety is a state of emotion that affects animal behaviors, and rodents provide a good model for studying its mechanisms. This article introduces an experimental method to measure the surface levels of neurotransmitter receptors under chronic stress in mice, specifically focusing on GABA receptors. The study shows that chronic stress decreases the availability of GABA(A) receptors in the prefrontal cortex. This method can be applied to various receptor systems in different brain regions and will contribute to a better understanding of emotion and cognition mechanisms.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao-Hua Jiang, Mengping Wei, Chen Zhang, Yun Stone Shi
Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a crucial cellular mechanism for learning and memory, with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of GluA1 interacting with neuroplastin-65 (Np65) playing a key role in anchoring AMPARs at the postsynaptic membrane during LTP.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiumin Chen, Yuko Fukata, Masaki Fukata, Roger A. Nicoll
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of the MAGUK family of synaptic scaffolding proteins in LTP, with PSD-95 requiring binding to ADAM22 for synaptic transmission enhancement. Additionally, an alternative pathway involving SAP102 is proposed, independent of ADAM22.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rostislav A. Sokolov, Irina V. Mukhina
Summary: Calcium is a crucial intracellular messenger in the brain that regulates various cell processes. In this study, the researchers used a fluorescent probe to investigate spontaneous Ca2+ events (SCEs) in neurons during culture maturation. They found that SCEs exhibited three different amplitude distributions and were dependent on extracellular Ca2+, neuronal network activity, and specific receptors and channels.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2022)