Direct electrochemical and AFM detection of amyloid-β peptide aggregation on basal plane HOPG

Amyloidogenesis is associated with more than 30 human diseases, including Alzheimer's which is related to aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide (A beta). Here, consecutive stages of A beta 42 aggregation and amyloid fibril formation were followed electrochemically via oxidation of tyrosines in A beta 42 adsorbed on the basal plane graphite electrode and directly correlated with A beta 42 morphological changes observed by atomic force microscopy of the same substrate. The results offer new tools for analysis of mechanisms of A beta aggregation.